• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.551-559
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• 1992

폿트에서 벼멸구 성충을 접종하고 buprofezin 처리시기를 달리하였을 때, 접종성충에 미치는 영향 및 약처리시기에 따른 벼멸구 밀도억제효과를 약처리당시의 연령구성과 관련하여 조사하였다. Buprofezin (7.0 g a.i./10 a)은 벼멸구 수컷에 대해서 영향을 미치지 않았으며 갓 우화한 벼멸구암컷에 대해서 수명과 산란수의 감소효과가 있었으나 우화후 3일 이상 경과한 성충의 수명이나 산란수에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며 buprofezin 처리당시의 유충군 밀도는 약처리후 급격히 저하되었다. Buprofezin의 벼멸구개체군 밀도억제효과는 처리약량이 높을수록, buprofezin 처리당시 buprofezin의 약효지속효과내에 노출된 유충군의 비율이 높을수록 좋았는데 buprofezin 7.0 g a.i./10 a 처리의 경우 적정처리시기는 접종 18일후부터 접종후 제1세대 성충이 출현하기 직전까지 약 10일간이었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.922-932
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• 2020

Previous research has indicated that radish powder could be a suitable replacement for chemical nitrite sources in alternatively cured meat products. However, the effects of radish powder level on the physicochemical properties of cured meat have not been systematically studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of radish powder and incubation time on the physicochemical properties and cured meat pigments of alternatively cured meat products. We divided our experimental setup into seven groups with different radish powder concentrations and incubation times: control (0.01% sodium nitrite), treatment 1 (0.15% radish powder and 2 h incubation), treatment 2 (0.15% radish powder and 4 h incubation), treatment 3 (0.30% radish powder and 2 h incubation), treatment 4 (0.30% radish powder and 4 h incubation), treatment 5 (0.30% celery powder and 2 h incubation), and treatment 6 (0.30% celery powder and 4 h incubation). The cooking yield, CIE a* values (redness), and total pigment levels were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between any of the alternatively cured treatments and the control. However, when 0.30% radish powder or celery powder was added to the products, the CIE b* values increased significantly (p < 0.05) with incubation time. At the same vegetable concentration, the nitrite content, nitrosyl hemochrome, and curing efficiency also increased significantly (p < 0.05) as the incubation time increased from 2 to 4 h, regardless of the types of vegetable powder. Among the meat products cured with radish powder, treatment 4 showed the highest increase in residual nitrite content, nitrosyl hemochrome content, and curing efficiency, but showed decreased lipid oxidation. Our results suggest that increased concentrations of radish powder and longer incubation times would be more suitable for producing alternatively cured meat products comparable to traditionally cured products treated with synthetic nitrite.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제22권12호통권187호
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• pp.1067-1073
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• 1984

In the treatment of functional orthodontic problems, timing is not an issue. All orthodontists start as soon as the condition is recognized. However, there is an active dialogue concerning treatment timing for structure problems. The major points in contention center around the operator's ability is to control the growth of the facial bones and to maintain post-treatment tooth position through the maturation period (especially when this position was gained by techniques involving arch expansion or distal driving of posterior segments). Factors taken into account to determine the best time of orthodontic treatment include diagnosis, interception, growth rate, patient cooperation, eruptive state and treatment period. With those exceptions of all functional problems, mild dental discrepancies and skeletal deficiencies with a predictably excellent growth potential (early treatment), the period immediately following the eruption of the permanent second molars is the period during which most orthodontic treatment should be initiated. At this time the full volume of tooth substances is present, the individual growth pattern in well established, there are sufficient teeth to receive nearly any type of appliances and the patient can easily tolerate the wearing of appliances.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2001

The first purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the allergenicity of milk and egg with heat treatment. The allergenicity of milk and egg is known to have a strong antigen. The second purpose of this study was to observe changes of disestibility of milk and egg after heat treatment. For this study, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) inhibition experiment by using guinea pig and nonprotein nitrogen(NPN)experiment were attempted. The result were following: 1. The allergenicity of both milk and egg was reduced by heat treatment. 2. The degree of hydrolysis and PCA inhibition increased with longer heating time. 3. The increse in both the degree of hydrolysis and PCA inhibition of milk was higher than that of egg. 4. Egg contained a greater amount of allergen than milk after heat treatment. 5. The digestibility of both milk and egg was reduced by heat treatment. 6. The digestibility was reduced further by increasing heating time. 7. The digestibility of egg was lower than that of milk after the treatment.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

Finite element program(ANSYS) estimated thermal deformation quantity in high frequency heat treatment process of a machine tool fred drive system slideway and apply deformation quantity in roughing process. Having processed the heat treatment minimizing methods of the quantity of deformation heat treatment process. Having done heat treatment with high frequency after taper processing with considering the existed heat treatment generating the quantity of deformation, existed quantity of deformation can be reduced down to 80%, consequently productivity and material saving can be achieved. When high frequency heat treatment finite element method estimated deformation quantity at difference temperature and time, it is progress at cost don and saved time.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.278-282
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• 2004

Effect of pre-treatment on the gas nitriding process of austenitic stainless steels has been investigated and the following results were obtained. Minimum pre-treatment time was decreased to 5min with increasing treatment temperature from $200^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$. Surface activation effect by the pre-treatment was maintained in the air up to holding time of 64hr, judging from the analysis result of gas nitrided specimens. The Depth of nitrided layer of STS 304 and 316 stainless steels were ranged from $5{\mu}m$ to $90{\mu}m$ at $440^{\circ}C{\sim}600^{\circ}C$. The X-ray diffraction intensity for austenitic stainless steels were increases as nitriding temperature from $440^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.655-658
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• 2004

Heat stress is known to affect physiological systems in goats. This study investigated changes in nutrient digestibility, behavior and growth hormone secretion among goats in a hot environment (H; 35${\pm}$ 1.2$^{\circ}C$, [RH] 80${\pm}$7.2%, 13 d), and in a thermoneutral environment (T; 20${\pm}$0.6$^{\circ}C$, [RH] 80${\pm}$3.4%, 20 d), and accompanied by the same restricted diet as provided in the hot environment. The following results were obtained: rectal temperature and water intake were higher in the H treatment than in the T treatment or TR treatment, while hay consumption was lower. CP, NDF and ADF digestibility was highest in H treatment. Time spent eating in the H treatment was also the highest, followed in order by T treatment and TR treatment. Ruminating time was lower in H treatment than in T treatment or TR treatment, and reposing time was highest in the TR treatment. Growth hormone concentrations in T increased 4.5 h after feeding. In H, growth hormone concentrations increased 0.5 h after feeding. However, growth hormone concentrations were not changed following TR feeding. In conclusion, heat exposure in goats decreased feed intake, but increased digestibility. However, when goats in a thermoneutral environment received the same restricted feeding as they received in the hot environment, digestibility increased. Between the H treatment and TR treatment, the changes in digestibility were accomplished by coordinate changes in hormone secretion in order to maintain body homeostasis. To maintain energy balance under a hot temperature or a restricted feeding condition, goats may control their metabolism by changing growth hormone release.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.184-197
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• 1995

After 45 patients examined as to the result of medical treatment among the ones who came to Dept. of Pain Clinic, Oriental Medical Hospital, Chunju Woosuk University complaining low back pain chiefly from Dec/19/1994 to Feb/7/1995 for 50 days or so were observed clinically, the results were obtained as follows: 1. In duration of the case history, acute stage(37.8%) was the most predominant, and subacute stage(35.6%) and chronic stage(26.7%) were revealed in turn. 2. In opinions of radiation, Spondylosis(26.7%) was the most predominant, Scoliosis(15.6%) and HIVD(11.1%) were revealed in order, and 3 cases were revealed to be negative. 3. In the radiating pain of the lower limb, the radiating pains of the left lower limb were the most predominant and those of the right lower limb and those of both lower limbs were revealed in turn. By the way, 31.1% of patients didn't suffer from the radiating pain of the lower limb. 4. In the grade of the seriousness of subsective symptom, Grade 2(66.7%) was the most predominant, and Grade 3, Grade 4, and Grade 1 followed it in order. 5. In the period of the treatments of medi-acupuncture, 2-5 day treatments(31.1%) were major and 6-10 day treatments(26.7%), 16-20 day treatments(11.1%), 26-30 day treatments(11.1%), over 31 day treatments(11.1%), 11-15 day treatments(4.4%), and 21-25 day treatments(4.4%) followed it by turns. Thus 2-10 day treatments are 57.8% and under 30 day treatments are 57.8% of all. 6. In the frequency of use of each medi-acupuncture, V was most frequency used in 41 cases(91.1%), and 11 cases of HN(24.4%), 8 cases of MOK(17.8%), 4 cases of OK(8.9%), 2 cases of B(4.4%), and a case of I(2.2%) were revealed in turn. 7. In the effect of treatments, 10 cases(22.2%) were excellent, 25 cases(55.6%) were good, 5 cases(11.1%) were fair, and 5 cases(11.1%) were poor. As the result, 88.9% of all changed for the better and all of these were improved within the third trial. 8. The effect of the treatments per durations was 100% in acute stage, 93.8% in subacute stage, and 66.7% in chronic stage. According to that, it was reavealed that the rate of treatments decreased as it came near to the chronic stage. 9. The effect of treatments per radiating pains was 87.5% in the radiating pains of the left lower limb, 81.8% in those of the right lower limb, 100% in those of both lower limbs, and 92.9% in case that patients have no radiating pains. So in the rate of treatments on radiating pains of the lower limbs, the case of both sides or no radiating pains was higher than that of one side. 10. In the effect of treatments per the condition of patients, Grade 4 showed 100% of improvement, Grade 3 showed 90.9% of improvement, Grade 2 showed 86.7% of improvement, and Grade 1 showed 100% of improvement. 11. In the effect of treatments per contents of treatments, the group treated with medi-acupuncture therapy, herb medication therapy, acupuncture therapy, and physiothrapy at the same time(Group 1) showed 100% of improvement, the group treated with medi-acupuncture therapy, acupuncture therapy, and physiotherapy simultaneously(Group 2) showed 73.7% of improvement, and the group treated with medi-acupuncture therapy and acupuncture therapy at the same time(Group 3) showed 100% of improvement. 12. 2-5 day treatments showed 78.6% of improvement, 6-10 day treatments showed 91.7% of improvement, and over 31 day treatments showed 100% of improvement. As the result, genarally the longer the period of treatment was, the better the effect of treatment was. 13. When only V was used, the rate of treatment was 96.2%. When only HN was used, the rate of treatment was 100%. When only MOK was used, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V and HN were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 33.3%. When V and MOK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V and OK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, HN, and MOK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, OK, and MOK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, MOK, and B were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, HN, OK, and I were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, HN, and B were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of aging treatment on the mechanical properties and damping capacity of 12Cr heat resistant steel with ferrite phase. While hardness values in ferrite phase was not changed, that in martensite phase was dramatically dropped in early stage of aging treatment and then gradually decreased with increase of aging time. As aging treatment was carried out, the precipitation was not detected in ferrite phase, while carbides were precipitated in martensite phase. With increasing the aging time, tensile strength eventually decreased while impact toughness increased rapidly in the early stage of aging and then gradually increased. Besides, it was confirmed that damping capacity was not changed in the early stage of aging and then gradually increased with increase of aging time.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1989

This study has been performed to investigate into some effects of the Sursulf treatment time and the traveling speed of surface hardening treatment on the hardness and the wear characteristics by applying the combined heat treating techniques of Sursulf process followed by induction hardening treatment to mild steel. It has been shown that increasing the Sursulf treatment time increases the case depth, but both hardness and wear resistance are not considerably improved. When the combined heat treating technique of high frequency induction heating after Sursulf treatment is applied, an improvement in case depth as well as wear resistance is obtained. In particular, the hardness in diffusion zone is greatly increased due mainly to the formation of martensite and possibly lower bainite. Iron oxides formed during induction heating and subsequent water spray cooling in the outermost part of compound layer may be considered to cause some increases in hardness and wear resistance.