• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6267-6271
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• 2013

Objective: To determine clinical efficacy, safety and prognostic factors of pemetrexed plus platinum as first-line treatment in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Clinical characteristics, short-term efficacy, survival and adverse reactions of 47 advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients who had received pemetrexed plus platinum as first-line treatment in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from January 2009 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The Chi-squared test was applied to statistically analyze the overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and toxicity reactions in both groups, while survival data wereanalyzed by Kaplan-Meier and logrank methods, and the COX proportional hazards model was adopted for a series of multi-factor analyses. Results: Only two patients were lost to follow-up. The ORR, DCR, medium progression-free survival time (PFS) and medium overall survival (OS) were 31.9%, 74.5%, 5 months and 15.2 months, while 1- and 2-year survival rates were 63.8% (30/47) and 19.2% (9/47), respectively. Single-factor analysis showed that tumor pathological patterns and efficacy were in association with medium PFS (P<0.05), whereas tumor pathological patterns, smoking history and efficacy were closely connected with medium OS (P<0.05). Multi-factor analyses demonstrated that pathological patterns and efficacy were independent factors influencing OS (P<0.05). The rate of toxicity reactions in degree III/IV was low, including hematologic toxicity marked by decline in white blood cell count and decrease in the platelet count (PLT), and non-hematologic toxicity manifested by gastrointestinal reactions, such as nausea and vomiting. Conclusions: Pemetrexed plus platinum as first-line treatment has excellent efficacy and slight adverse reactions with favorable drug-tolerance in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.385-395
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• 2020

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) can stimulate Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling pathways. In this study, DF-1 cells were treated with poly(I:C) at various concentrations and time points to examine the comparative expression patterns of innate immune response genes. The viability of DF-1 cells decreased from 77.41% to 38.68% when cells were treated different dose of poly(I:C) from 0.1 ㎍/mL to 100 ㎍/mL for 24 h respectively. The expressions of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR15, TLR21, IL1B, and IL10 were increased in dose- and time-dependent manners by poly(I:C) treatment. On the contrary, the expression patterns of interferon regulatory factors 7 (IRF7), Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (JUN), Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1 (NF-κB1), and IL8L2 were varied; IRF7 and IL8L2 were increasingly expressed whereas the expressions of JUN and NF-κB1 were decreased in a dose-dependent manner after they were early induced. In time-dependent analysis, IRF7 expression was significantly upregulated from 3 h to 24 h, whereas JUN and NF-κB1 expressions settled down from 6 h to 24 h after poly(I:C) treatment although they were induced at early time from 1 h to 3 h. Poly(I:C) treatment rapidly increased the expression of IL8L2 from 3 h to 6 h with a plateau at 6 h and then the expression of IL8L2 was dramatically decreased until 24 h after poly(I:C) treatment although the expression level was still higher than the non-treated control. These results may provide the basis for understanding host response to viral infection and its mimicry system in chickens.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2005

H사의 유로변경식 고도하수처리 공법의 제어 변수가 DO와 수온 등으로 한정되어 있어 효율성의 만족도를 충족시켜주지 못하는 현재의 상황을 개선하고자 세 가지 개선방향을 설정하여 Simulation을 통한 Operation Data의 분석 및 장치구성과 실험을 통한 최적제어 Logic을 연구하여 이를 다시 S하수처리장에 설치 적용한 결과이다. 본 실험을 통해서 수온과 유량에 근간한 Operation Mode 변경의 최적화와 이를 통한 동력비 절감을 이루었고 암모니아성 질소의 농도에 따른 Operation Mode의 변경에서 일반 Normal Mode와 병행하여 Save Mode를 새로 적용하여 동력비 절감을 이루었다. 또한 DO 값을 송풍량과 수중폭기기의 교반속도에 의해 비례제어하고 유출수의 암모니아 농도에 따라 DO 값을 제어하여 안정적인 질산화를 이루었다. 이러한 결과는 공정효율의 극대화와 운영 및 유지관리비의 절감을 이루었다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2021

Objective: To analyze osteoporosis treatment patterns and teriparatide prescription-associated factors in Korea by using a national health insurance claims database. Methods: We utilized the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service National Patients Sample claims database to identify patients (aged ≥50 years) with at least one osteoporosis claim (International Classification of Disease 10th revision code: M80, M81, M82) and at least one prescription for osteoporosis medication (antiresorptive agents: bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, denosumab, and calcitonin; bone-forming agent: teriparatide) in 2018. Demographic characteristics and healthcare utilization patterns were analyzed. Factors associated with teriparatide prescriptions were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Records showed that 44,815 patients were prescribed osteoporosis medications in 2018; the percentage of patients prescribed each treatment was as follows: 86.6% bisphosphonates, 13.9% selective estrogen receptor modulators, 3.1% calcitonin, 2.1% denosumab, and 0.7% teriparatide. A greater proportion of patients prescribed teriparatide were ≥75 years (53.4% vs. 33.8%) and had fractures (63.9% vs. 12.8%) compared to the same for antiresorptives (p<0.001). Patients prescribed teriparatide had higher Charlson comorbidity index values (1.2±1.3 vs. 0.9±1.2) and were more frequently hospitalized (0.8±1.3 vs. 0.1±0.5) than those prescribed antiresorptives (p<0.001). Elderly patients (≥75 years old; adjusted OR=1.66; 95% CI 1.16-2.38) and those with fractures (adjusted OR=6.23; 95% CI 4.76-8.14) were more likely to be prescribed teriparatide than antiresorptives. Conclusion: Patients prescribed teriparatide were older and more likely to have severe osteoporosis than those prescribed antiresorptives.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2016

To reduce energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), renewable energy applications such as small hydropower, solar energy, and wind energy are popular. However, it should be noticed that energy originated from operation of wastewater treatment process can be reduced through optimized operation based on analysis of factors affecting energy. In this research, the relationship to the various operational variables and influent factors was explored using correlation analysis and decision tree algorithm. Due to the non-linear characteristics of the process, it was difficult to find clear linear patterns through correlation analysis. However, decision tree algorithm showed its usefulness in uncovering hidden patterns that consume energy. As operational factors, influent flowrate, the amount of aeration, nitrate recycling pumping rate, and sludge wasting pumping rate were selected as important factors. For environmental factors associated with influent compositions and removal rate, BOD and T-N removal rate were selected as significant factors.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of study was to investigate the effects of combination patterns exercise of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on unstable surfaces on pain, functional disability, and fear avoidance belief in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty four patients were assigned to either the experimental group (n=12) or the control group (n=12). Patients in the experimental group performed combination patterns exercise of PNF on unstable surfaces. Patients in the control group performed combination patterns exercise of PNF on stable surfaces. Both exercises were performed for five days per week, for a period of six weeks. Pain was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). Functional disability was measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Fear avoidance belief was measured using the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). A paired t-test was used for determination of differences before and after treatment, and an independent t-test was used for determination of differences between treatment groups. Results: In within group comparison, the experimental group showed statistically significant difference for all variables (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed relatively greater significant difference for all variables (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on such results, it can be said that combination patterns exercise of PNF on unstable surfaces has an effect on pain, functional disability, and fear avoidance belief in patients with chronic low back pain.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.943-955
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aims to suggest the future direction to improve dental hygienists' competencies to communicate with patients to increase the compliance and dental service satisfaction, based on the analysis of survey data given to patients on dental hygienists' communication patterns with patients. The findings of this research is aimed to serve as the basic data for future researches on related area. Methods: A survey was conducted to ordinary people with experiences of receiving dental treatment in Gwangju and Jeonnam from July 29th 2017 to September 10th 2017. 224 copies of the questionnaire were used for final analysis. Results: The scores of each communication pattern (informative, friendly, and authoritative patterns) of dental hygienists perceived by research subjects were as follows: $3.76{\pm}0.76$, $3.47{\pm}0.62$, and $2.64{\pm}0.70$ respectively. In the effects of communication patterns on the compliance of patients, it was found that the informative communication pattern (${\beta}=0.227$, p=0.008) and friendly communication pattern (${\beta}=0.216$, p=0.012) had positive (+) effects. Conclusions: Thus, the results of this study verified that dental hygienists' communication patterns are important elements affecting patients' compliance and their satisfaction. For the smooth patient-centered bilateral communications, it will be necessary to continuously develop educational programs related to dental hygienists' communication, and also to have continuous researches targeting patient groups for the comparison to meet dental service satisfaction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2000

Rising from a supine position to erect stance is an important milestone in treatment of patients with neurologic dysfunction. The purposes of this study wed to describe the movement patterns that hemiplegic patients use when rising to a standing. position and to investigate whether movement patterns that an proposed to treat of functional activity, Seventeen patients were videotaped performing three trials of rising. Movement patterns were described with three body components : upper extremities, head-trunk, lower extremities. Subjects rose most commonly using a push and reach pattern of the upper extremities-symmetrical interrupted by rotation pattern in the head-trunk-an asymmetrical squat pattern in the lower extremities and a push and reach pattern of the upper extremities-symmetrical interrupted by rotation pattern in the head-trunk-an symmetrical squat with balance step pattern in the lower extremities.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

Objectives : This work is aimed to reveal the relations between concepts of subhealth(mibyung) and Korean medicine patterns. Methods : We carried out a literature searching on Oasis, RISS, DBpia, Pubmed to summarize concepts of Mibyung. CNKI Searching also was performed with keyword related to mibyung(未病), subhealth(亞健康) and syndrome. Results : Korea, China and Japan have different concepts of mibyung. China's mibyung concept is relatively broader and wide which includes healthy, subhealth, development of disease and recurrence avoid. In contrast, Korea and Japan's mibyung concepts are focused on China's subhealth. Though Mibyung's patterns are varied widely depends on studies, China's studies of subhealth and TCM patterns showed that Deficiency patterns are diagnosed at high frequency in clinical study and literature study. Conclusions : This work could contribute to further study of subhealth(mibyung) and their relations to patterns, diagnostic methods and treatment efficacy.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2022

In order to secure practising rapid pattern(證, zheng) differentiation against acute infectious diseases like corona virus disease-19(COVID-19) showing rapid variation and contagion, a simplified classification of stages centering on the exterior-interior pattern identification with 2 step-subdivision by cold, heat, deficiency, excess pattern and pathogens is proposed. Pattern differentiation by compound patterns of 8 principles is made for the non-severe stage of general cold and the early mild stage of epidemic disease. Compound pattern's names of 8 principles about external infectious diseases are composed of three stages, that is disease site-characters-etiology. Based on early stage symptoms of fever or chilling etc., exterior, interior and half exterior and half interior patterns are determined first, and then cold, heat, deficiency, excess patterns of exterior and interior pattern respectively are determined, and then more concrete differentiation on pathogens of wind, dryness, dampness and dearth of qi, blood, yin, yang accompanied with constitutional and personal illness factors. Summarizing above descriptions, 4 patterns of exterior cold, exterior heat, exterior deficiency, exterior excess and their secondary compound patterns of exterior cold deficiency and exterior cold excess and so on are classified together with treatment method and available decoction for a standard measure of eight principle pattern differentiation.