• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.414-422
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to develop multifunctional fabric that was improved antimicrobial activity and reduction rate of gas by treatment of mixture that was blended chito colla ad crosslinking material for Nylon. Antimicrobial activity was proved 99% reduction rat of gas in case of treated was icreased. The surface of treated fiber noted harshness and irregularity. Whiteness of treated on the baking condition was decreased as time and temperature was increased. Air permeability and moisure regain of treated equally was maintained. Water absorption and static voltage of treated were increased. KOSHI and T.H.V. of treated was increased than that of untreated B/W of treated was improved that, that of untreated and 2HB/B. W/T of treated were reduced.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.42-51
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• 1997

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of $O_{2}$ low temperature plasma treatment oft chitosan treatment of polyester fabrics. Moisture regain, static charge, crease resistance and reduction ratio of the treated fabric were measured. The results of this study were as follows: The add-on ratio and. the moisture regain of polyester fabrics treated with chitosan after treated by plasma(CP PET) were higher than those of polyester fabrics treated with only chitosan(C PET). The static charge of polyester fabrics decreased greatly with increasing the concentration of chitosan. A durability for laundering of CP PET was higher than those of C PET. The crease resistance of polyester fabrics decreased with ihcreasing the concentration of chitosan continuously. CP PET had higher decreasing rate and better durability than C PET. It showed that chitosan-treated polyester fabrics had over 90% reduction ratio after 10 times of laundering, and CP PET had better reduction ratio than C PET.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.525-534
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• 1998

Cotton fabrics were finished with mixture of BTCA(1,2,3,4,-butanetetracarboxylic acid) and polyalkyleneoxide-modified amino-functional silicone by pad-dry-cure process to achieve better DP performance with a higher retention of physical properties as compared to those of finished with BTCA alone. The results indicated that BTCA improved the wrinkle recovery but reduced significantly the tensile and tear strength of the treated fabrics. Whereas silicone imparted a lower wrinkle recovery, a lower loss of tensile strength than BTCA, in addition improved considerably the tear strength owing to reduction in inter-fiber and/or inter-yarn frictional forces. The concentration and curing temperature needed to enhance physical properties were as follows; for BTCA treatments 6%, at 18$0^{\circ}C$, for silicone treatments 1% at 14$0^{\circ}C$. This optimum concentration of silicone was observed by using the mixture of BTCA and silicone. The wrinkle recovery and DP rating of cotton fabrics treated with mixture of 4% BTCA and 1% silicone at a curing temperature of 17$0^{\circ}C$ was similar to those of treated with 6% BTCA at a curing temperature of 18$0^{\circ}C$, and other performance properties observed were; an increase in tensile strength, extension, toughness, abrasion resistance and moisture regain due to the reduction of BTCA concentration and curing temperature, futhermore an improvement in bending and surface properties due to the lubricating effect of silicone. On the other hand 1% aqueous silicone solution showed the lowest surface tension. Such nonionic surface activity resulted in a more uniform and rapid deposition of BTCA on the fiber or fabric.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2018

Oxidation of Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim, and Enrofloxacin by ozone was experimentally investigated to observe the effects of background water quality (such as ultrapure water, humic acid, and biologically treated wastewater) and water temperature on the removal rate of these antibiotics, and, thereby, to be able to provide design information when the ozone treatment process is adopted. Initial concentrations of the antibiotics spiked to $10{\mu}g/L$, and the ozone dose was 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 mg/L. While the removal rate of Ciprofloxacin under ultrapure water background by ozone oxidation was over 99%, the removal rate under humic acid and biologically treated wastewater background was markedly lower, in the range of 49.3% ~ 99% and 19.8 % ~ 99 %, respectively. When water temperature is decreased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $4^{\circ}C$, the removal rate is reduced from the range of 19.8% ~ 99 % to the range of 7.5 % ~ 99 % under a biologically treated wastewater background. The effects of background and temperature on the removal rate of Trimethoprim and Enrofloxacin were similar to that of Ciprofloxacin, but the degree was different. Therefore, it is concluded that the background of water to be treated, as well as water temperature, should be taken into consideration when the design factor, such as ozone dose, is determined, so that the treatment objective of the ozone treatment process can be most effectively met.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.713-718
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• 2004

To study the dynamic strain aging behavior of Zr-0.4Sn-1.5Nb-0.2Fe sample tube for nuclear fuel cladding in the range of pressurized water reactor (PWR) operation temperature, the tensile tests of the tube specimens, which had been finally heat-treated at $470^{\circ}C\;and\;510^{\circ}C$, had been carried out with the strain rate $1.67{\times}10^{-2}/s\;and\;8.33{\times}10^{-5}/s$ at the various temperatures from room temperature to $500^{\circ}C$. It was observed that the elongation of the specimens got shortened as the temperature increased from $200^{\circ}C\;to\;340^{\circ}C$. The specimens that were finally heat-treated at $470^{\circ}C$ showed a plateau more remarkably on the plot of yield strength-temperature than those heat-treated at $510^{\circ}C$. In the range of $310\sim400^{\circ}C$, the strain rate sensitivity of the specimens finally heat-treated at $510^{\circ}C$ was $30.4\%\sim33.7\%$ lower but the work hardening exponent index of the specimens was a little higher than that without dynamic strain aging effect.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 1996

In this study, Residue of formaldehyde and histopathological changes in formalin and neutralformalin in treated fish(Sebastes schlegeli) were observed at two different temperatures(15 and $25^{\circ}C$). Immediately after in treatment, residue of formaldehyde in formalin treated fish was show little bit higher than in neutral-formalin treated fish at $15^{\circ}C$. But, there is no difference at water temperature $25^{\circ}C$. The elimination of formaldehyde was markedly temperature-dependent. The approximated withdrawal time were 72hr and 24hr at water temperature 15 and $25^{\circ}C$. Formalin was more toxic than the neutral-formalin at the same condition. Intensity of tissues damage was increased with increasing concentration of chemical and temperature. Formalin and neutral-formalin treatments caused edema and seperation of epithelium, winding of secondary gill lamella, necrosis in the gill ; congestion and pycnosis, vacuolation in the liver ; hydropic and granulated degeneration, necrosis of epithelial cells in the proximal renal tubule ; increasing mucus cells, cracking, necrosis of epidermis and dermis in the skin tissue.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2017

Oxidation of erythromycin, sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole by ozone was experimentally investigated to see the effects of background water quality such as ultrapure water, humic acid and biologically treated wastewater and water temperature on the removal rate, consequently to provide design information when the ozone treatment process is adopted. Initial concentration of the antibiotics was spiked to $10{\mu}g/l$ and ozone dose was 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 mg/l. While the removal rate of erythromycin under ultrapure water background by ozone oxidation was over 99%, that under humic acid and biologically treated wastewater background was markedly reduced to the range of 59.8%~99% and 17.0%~99%, respectively. When water temperature is decreased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $4^{\circ}C$, the removal rate is reduced from the range of 17.0%~99% to the range of 9.4%~97.4% under biologically treated wastewater background. The effects of background and temperature on the removal rate of sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole were similar to erythromycin, but the degree was different. Therefore, it is concluded that the background of water to be treated as well as water temperature should be taken into consideration when the design factor such as ozone dose is determined to meet the treatment objective in the ozone treatment process.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.310-315
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• 1993

The effects of RT A treatment on the breakdown strengths were studied for tantalum pentoxide(${Ta_2}{O_5}$) films prepared by thermal oxidation of dc-sputtered Ta(400$\AA$) on p-type (100) Si wafer. While the relative dielectric constants of the RT A -treated specimens were not remarkably affected, the breakdown strengths of the RTA-treated specimens were greatly changed by RTA temperature and time. After the RTA treatment, the breakdown strengths of the specimens RTA-treated at the temperature below the crystallization temperature were increased to 5.4MV /cm, while those of the specimens RTA -treated at the temperature above it were decreased to 0.5MV /cm. RTA time-independence of the flat-bant voltage shift refleted that the RT A post-annealing effects on the breakdown strengths were not due to the interface reaction between the ${Ta_2}{O_5}$ layer and the Si substrate but, through the RBS analysis, to densification of the ${Ta_2}{O_5}$ films.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.60-65
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• 2011

A low temperature plasma carburizing process was performed on AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel to achieve an enhancement of the surface hardness without degradation of its corrosion resistance. Attempts were made to investigate the influence of the processing temperatures on the surface hardened layer during low temperature plasma carburizing in order to obtain the optimum processing conditions. The expanded austenite (${\gamma}_c$) phase, which contains a high saturation of carbon (S phase), was formed on all of the treated surfaces. Precipitates of chromium carbides were detected in the hardened layer (C-enriched layer) only for the specimen treated at $550^{\circ}C$. The hardened layer thickness of ${\gamma}_c$ increased up to about $65{\mu}m$ with increasing treatment temperature. The surface hardness reached about 900 $HK_{0.05}$, which is about 4 times higher than that of the untreated sample (250 $HK_{0.05}$). A minor loss in corrosion resistance was observed for the specimens treated at temperatures of $300^{\circ}C{\sim}450^{\circ}C$ compared with untreated austenitic stainless steel. In particular, the precipitation of chromium carbides at $550^{\circ}C$ led to a significant decrease in the corrosion resistance. A diamond-like carbon (DLC) film coating was applied to improve the wear and friction properties of the S phase layer. The DLC film showed a low and stable friction coefficient value of about 0.1 compared with that of the carburized surface (about 0.45). The hardness and corrosion resistance of the S phase layer were further improved by the application of such a DLC film.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2007

The effects of the heat-treatment temperature on the carbon (C) substitution amount, full width at half maximum (FWHM) value, critical temperature ($T_c$), critical current density ($J_c$) have been investigated for 10 wt % malic acid ($C_4H_6O_5$)-doped $MgB_2/Fe$ wires. All the samples were fabricated by the in-situ powder-in-tube (PIT) method and heat-treated within a temperature range of $650^{\circ}C$ to $1000^{\circ}C$. As the heat-treatment temperature increased, it seemed that the lattice distortion was increased by a more active C substitution into the boron sites from the malic acid addition. These increased electron scattering defects seemed to enhance the $J_c-H$ properties in spite of an improvement in the crystallinity, such as a decrease of the FWHM value and an increase of the $T_c$. Compared to the un-doped wire heat-treated at $650^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, the $J_c$ was enhanced by the C doping in a high-field regime. The wire heat-treated at $900^{\circ}C$ resulted in a higher magnetic $J_c$ of approximately $10^4\;A/cm^2$ at 5 K and 8 T.