• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.240-252
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• 2006

A survey was implemented to suggest basic data for assuring the safety of cooked foods in foodbank operations. A questionnaire consisted of total 48 items including general characteristics, basic inputs and perceived importance/performance of sanitary management. One hundred twenty-eight responses among the 267 nationwide foodbanks were used for the statistical analysis. About forty-one percent of foodbanks was operated a period of 1-3 years and 43.0% of them were managed by social welfare organizations. The number of staff was only 0.5 person per operation with the whole responsibility and 1.0 with additional work, and thus most of the work was managed by volunteers. Job satisfaction was shown to be moderate and was affected by specialty and salary mostly. The facilities and equipment in foodbanks were not enough to operate and freezers/refrigerators were the top priority to supplement. Most of the respondents attended a nationwide level sanitary education program (79.7%); but complained not enough frequency of education (90%). The sanitary status of the donated foods was considered as satisfactory but some safety practices had to be improved, including personnel expenses and operating costs in the district level, a sanitary awareness of the donors and a general management of the facilities arid equipment. An assessment on sanitary management resulted in an overall average of 4.45 out of 5 points in importance and 3.85 in performance showing the high level of sanitation perception in foodbank managers. From the IPA analysis, the fields found to be improved were sanitation management during cooking and temperature control as well as cleanliness and sanitation of both transport vehicle and refrigerator/freezer. To secure the food safety in foodbanks, consequently, personnel support, supplement of facilities and equipment, intense sanitation education and development of sanitation management program is needed.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2012

Purpose: The most common cuase of transfusion for trauma victims in an emergency department is hypovolemic shock due to injury. After an injury to an internal organ of the chest or the abdomen, transfusion is needed to supply blood products and to compensate tissue oxygen transport and bleeding. From the 1990's, there have been some reports that transfusion is one of the major factors causing multiple-organ failure. Thus, as much as possible, tranfusion has been minimized in the clinical setting. This study aims to analyze the prognostic factors for mortality among trauma victims transfused with blood products in an emergency department. Methods: We conducted this study for the year of 2010 retrospectively. The study group included adult trauma victims tranfused with blood products in our ED. The exclusion criteria were discharge against medical advice, and missing follow-up due to transfer to another facility. During the study period, 34 adult trauma victims were enrolled. We compared the clinical variables between survivors and non-survivors. Results: the mean age of the 34 victims was 58.06 years, and males account for 58.5% of the study group. The most-frequently used form transportation was ambulance(119, 55.9%), and the most common injury mechanism was mobile vehicle accidents(67.6%). The mean revised trauma score (RTS) was 5.9, and the mean injury severity score (ISS) was 47.76. The mortality rate in the ED was 58.5%, Comparison of survivors with non-survivors showed statistical differences in injury mechanism, initial SBP, DBP, RTS, ISS, and some laboratory data such as AST, ALT, pH, PO2, HCO3, glucose (p<0.05). Regression analyses showed that mortality among adult trauma victims transfused in the ED correlated with RTS. Conclusion: When an adult trauma victim is transported to the ED and needs a tranfusion, the emergency physician carefully assess the victim by using physiologic data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2017

Although emission regulations have been gradually strengthened in the past decade, the road transport section remains the most important source of NOx emission in air pollution. One reason is that there has been an increase in the proportion of diesel vehicles and in the volume of traffic. In addition, the certification procedure for standard emission limit does not sufficiently reflect real traffic condition and various driving patterns. Therefore, the European Commission(EC) has recently come up with the RDE-LDV(Real driving emissions-light duty vehicle) regulations, and the Ministry of Environment in Korea has been conducting research on evaluating RDE-LDV with PEMS(Portable Emission Measurement Systems). According to the trip requirements of the 2nd RDE package announced by the EC, the objectives of the present study include the development of Korean RDE routes to reflect domestic traffic and road conditions. Based on the results, both RDE routes are in correct compliance with RDE-LDV regulations, including trip requirements and trip dynamics. KOR-NIER Route 1, in particular, has a higher driving load in rural driving with regard to excessive gradient of elevation compared to KOR-NIER Route 2, including relatively plane rural driving.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5669-5675
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• 2012

To reduce the cost and the time of transport in Eurasian railroad networks such as TKR(Trans-Korea Railway), TCR(Trans-China Railway) and TSR(Trans-Siberia Railway) owing to the problem of different track gauges (narrow/standard/broad gauge), it is important to develop the gauge-adjustable wheelset(GAW) system to adapt easily to these gauges. The Korean GAW system is developing and will be adapting to the brand new freight trains' to improve the conventional overseas GAW system. In this study, structural and durability analyses are performed from the viewpoint of the safe-life design. The core parts of the system might be safe in range of $1{\times}10^7$ cycles from the result of durability analysis. Moreover, to examine the safety of the system while running on a track, rig fatigue test was performed according to UIC code. The safety of the Korean GAW system is demonstrated through testing that all safety-relevant conditions are satisfied.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.52-61
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• 2018

This research suggested the traffic signal timing calculation model for signal intersections based on sectional travel time. A detection system that collects sectional travel time data such as Urban Transport Information System(UTIS) is applied. This research developed the model to calculate saturation flow rate and demand volume from travel time information using a deterministic delay model. Moreover, this model could determine the traffic signal timings to minimize a delay based on Webster model using traffic demand volume. In micro simulation analysis using VISSIM and its API ComInterface, it checked the saturation conditions and determined the traffic signal timings to minimize the intersection delay. Recently, sectional vehicle detection systems are being installed in various projects, such as Urban Transportation Information System(UTIS) and Advanced Transportation Management System(ATMS) in Korea. This research has important contribution to apply the traffic information system to traffic signal operation sector.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Intelligent transportation system (ITS) has been introduced to maximize the efficiency of operation and utilization of the urban traffic facilities and promote the safety and convenience of the users. With the expansion of ITS, various traffic big data such as road traffic situation, traffic volume, public transportation operation status, management situation, and public traffic use status have been increased exponentially. In this paper, we derive structural characteristics of urban traffic according to the vehicle flow by using big data network analysis. DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) data is used to construct the traffic network. The results can help to understand the complex urban traffic characteristics more easily and provide basic research data for urban transportation plan such as road congestion resolution plan, road expansion plan, and bus line/interval plan in a city.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2014

The advanced traffic management system of intelligent transport systems automates the related traffic tasks such as vehicle speed, traffic volume and traffic incidents through the improved infrastructures like high definition cameras, high-performance radar sensors. For the safety of road users, especially, the automated incident detection and secondary accident prevention system is required. Normally, CCTV based image object detection and radar based object detection is used in this system. In this paper, we proposed the algorithm for real time highway incident detection system using multi surveillance cameras to mosaic video and track accurately the moving object that taken from different angles by background modeling. We confirmed through experiments that the video detection can supplement the short-range shaded area and the long-range detection limit of radar. In addition, the video detection has better classification features in daytime detection excluding the bad weather condition.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2009

This study was to simulate it that the sending receiving vehicles run on the general national roads with the one-way two-lanes at 80[km/h] speed. This study was to select 280[m] radius of curvature based on the statistical data with high rate of traffic accidents, 140[m] length of direct roads considering the stopping stadia, 90[m] length of curve, and 8 points of curved roads at 11.25[m] intervals. As a result above, when the distance between the sending and receiving vehicles became more than 111[m], the propagation path of reflected wave by the adjacent vehicles became longer than the propagation path of reflected wave by the left/right reflectors because the number of repeated reflection increased. In this study, the repeated reflection for the propagation's reach to the receiving vehicles was about $1{\sim}2$[times] as it supposed it less than 111[m]. Accordingly, it found out that the propagation path of reflected wave received through the left/right reflectors was about $1{\sim}1.5[m]$ larger than the reflected wave produced by the adjacent vehicles regardless of lanes on which the sending and receiving vehicles were located.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2008

Adipogenesis is a complex sequence of events that culminates in the differentiation of fibroblast-like preadipocytes into specialized lipid-filled adipocytes and also involves a cascade of expression of many transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}(PPAR{\gamma})$ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs). $PPAR{\gamma}$ and C/EBPs transcriptionally transactivate adipocyte specific genes, including fatty acid transport protein (FAT/CD36) and leptin. To determine whether $17{\beta}$-estradiol modulates $C/EBP{\alpha}$ actions on adipogenesis in high fat diet-fed female ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6 mice, mice were treated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol for 7 days and the effects of $17{\beta}$-estradiol on adipose tissue mass and expression of adipocyte specific gene as well as $C/EBP{\alpha}$ were measured. Compared to vehicle-treated OVX control mice, OVX mice treated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol for 7 days had lower adipose tissue weights that were similar to weights in high fat diet-fed sham-operated (Sham) mice. OVX mice showed the increased expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ mRNA compared with Sham mice. However, $17{\beta}$-estradiol treatment in OVX mice inhibited OVX induced-$C/EBP{\alpha}$ activation, indicating that $17{\beta}$-estradiol may act as an inhibitor of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ action. Moreover, $17{\beta}$-estradiol decreased mRNA levels of adipocyte marker genes, such as lipoprotein lipase, FAT/CD36 and leptin, to levels in Sham mice. These results suggest that down-regulation of adipogenesis by $17{\beta}$-estradiol may be due to reduced adipose $C/EBP{\alpha}$ activities in female OVX C57BL/6 mice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.212-215
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• 2002

Interfacial evaluation and damage sensing of the carbon fiber/epoxy-amine terminated (AT)-polyetherimide (PEI) composites were performed using micromechanical test and electrical resistance measurement. As AT-PEI content increased, the fracture toughness of epoxy-AT-PEI matrix increased, and thus their interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was improved due to the improved toughness. After curing process, the changes in electrical resistance (ΔR) with increasing AT-PEI contents increased gradually because of the changes in thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and thermal shrinkage of matrix. Matrix fracture toughness was correlated to the IFSS, residual stress and electrical resistance. The results obtained from the electrical resistance measurement during curing process, reversible stress/strain, and durability test were consistent with modified matrix toughness properties.