• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

The use of a microporous membrane along with Au/C catalyst for direct glycerol alkaline fuel cell was investigated. In comparison with Nafion 112, the microporous Celgard 3401 membrane provides a better cell performance due to the lower ionic resistance as confirmed by impedance spectra. The single cell using Au/C as anode catalyst prepared by using PVA protection techniques provided a higher maximum power density than the single cell with commercial PtRu/C at $18.65mW\;cm^{-2}$ The short-term current decay studies show a better stability of Au/C single cell. The higher activity of Au/C over PtRu/C was owing to the lower activation loss of Awe. The magnitude of current decay indicates a low problem of glycerol crossover from anode to cathode side. The similar performance of single cell with and without humudification at cathode points out an adequate transport of water through the microporous membrane.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.307-320
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• 2021

Udo Rhodolith Beach is a small-scale, mixed sand-and-gravel beach embayed on the N-S trending rocky coast of Udo, Jeju Island, South Korea. This study analyzes the short-term topographic changes of the beach during the extreme storm conditions of four typhoons from 2016 to 2020: Chaba (2016), Soulik (2018), Lingling (2019), and Maysak (2020). The analysis uses the topographic data of terrestrial LiDAR scanning and drone photogrammetry, aided by weather and oceanographic datasets of wind, wave, current and tide. The analysis suggests two contrasting features of alongshore topographic change depending on the typhoon pathway, although the intensity and duration of the storm conditions differed in each case. During the Soulik and Lingling events, which moved northward following the western sea of the Jeju Island, the northern part of the beach accreted while the southern part eroded. In contrast, the Chaba and Maysak events passed over the eastern sea of Jeju Island. The central part of the beach was then significantly eroded while sediments accumulated mainly at the northern and southern ends of the beach. Based on the wave and current measurements in the nearshore zone and computer simulations of the wave field, it was inferred that the observed topographic change of the beach after the storm events is related to the directions of the wind-driven current and wave propagation in the nearshore zone. The dominant direction of water movement was southeastward and northeastward when the typhoon pathway lay to the east or west of Jeju Island, respectively. As these enhanced waves and currents approached obliquely to the N-S trending coastline, the beach sediments were reworked and transported southward or northward mainly by longshore currents, which likely acts as a major control mechanism regarding alongshore topographic change with respect to Udo Rhodolith Beach. In contrast to the topographic change, the subaerial volume of the beach overall increased after all storms except for Maysak. The volume increase was attributed to the enhanced transport of onshore sediment under the combined effect of storm-induced long periodic waves and a strong residual component of the near-bottom current. In the Maysak event, the raised sea level during the spring tide probably enhanced the backshore erosion by storm waves, eventually causing sediment loss to the inland area.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

2013년 국토교통부에서는 현 정부의 주요 국정과제인 행복주택 사업의 일부를 모듈러건축 시스템으로 시범공급하겠다라고 밝혔다. 이처럼 모듈러 건축에 대한 정부의 적극적인 의지와 함께 모듈러 건축시장의 규모도 점차 확대되고 있다. 현재 모듈러건축의 주요 문제점으로 설계-제작단계에 있어 자재 및 부품의 표준화 또는 규격화 미비가 거론된다. 이때, 모듈러건축은 기존의 타공법에 비해 재료비의 비중이 16~17% 높은, 전체공사비의 60%를 차지 할 정도로 자재관리가 중요하다고 판단된다. 하지만, 설계상의 표준화 또는 규격화의 미비로 제작단계의 자재 손실율이 높아지게 되고, 이에 따른 건설폐기물 뿐만 아니라, 재료비 증가에 따른 전체 공사비도 증가하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 벽체 마감자재 중 석고보드 자재에 대한 손실율을 최소화 할 수 있는 최적화 알고리즘을 개발하여 대상 사례의 주요 모듈에 대해 검증하고자 한다. 이를 통해, 자재의 낭비적인 요소를 최소화하여 친환경 건축에 기여할 뿐만 아니라, 현 모듈러건축의 단점으로 인지되고 있는 고비용의 경제성 문제를 해소하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.76.2-76.2
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• 2010

The gas diffusion layer is the key component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell because it directly affect to the mass transport mechanism and dynamic behavior of the cell. In this study, the effects of GDL aging on the transient response of the PEM fuel cell is systematically investigated using current step transient response analysis under different stoichiometric ratios and humidity conditions. With GDLs aged by the accelerated stress test, the effects of hydrophobicity and structural changes due to carbon loss in the GDL on the transient response of PEM fuel cells are determined. The degraded GDLs that had uneven hydrophobicity distributions cause local water flooding inside the GDL and induce lower and unstable voltage responses after load changes.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2018

At present, there are many companies that can produce modular housing. However, if the housing projects are conducted without design standards and principles, each company will supply housing according to its own design standards, resulting in a loss of opportunity to promote standardization at a national level. Korea's modular construction technology is still in its infancy, and there is a lack of MC design applications due to the limited construction market. In recent years, however, related R&D has been carried out by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in order to activate modular construction. As a result, test-beds for public rental housing are currently being built, and the public rental housing applied with the modular construction method is expected to spread in the near future. In this regard, this study seeks to promote more economical and efficient production and supply of modular housing. To this end, it investigates the current status of modular construction, analyzes the problems and proposes a serious of MC design standards as part of the design standardization and open system for modular housing industry to solve the problems.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.242-252
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 무선 LAN(Local Area Network) 환경에서 이동 IP를 기반으로 하는 이동 호 스트가 핸드오프를 수행할 때 발생될 수 있는 패킷 손실을 제거하고, 신뢰성 데이터와 멀티미디어 데이터의 특성을 모두 고려한 새로운 핸드오프 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 이동 IP 핸드오프 프로토콜은 데이터 링크 계층의 정보를 이용하여 이동 호스트가 방문한 FA를 예측한 후, 방문할 FA가 패킷을 버퍼링하게 함으로써 패킷 손실을 제거하고 버퍼링 된 패킷의 포워딩 시간을 최소로 한다. ns-2(network simulator-2)를 이용한 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안된 이동 IP 핸드오프 프로토콜을 사용하는 전송 프로토콜은 패킷 손실을 경험하지 않았으며, TCP의 경우 표준 이동 IP를 사용하는 TCP 보다 최대 6.25배 우수한 처리율을 보였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2009

Ever increasing fuel prices, almost doubled in the last three years, and global pressure to reduce their environmental impact have been enforcing commercial vessel operators and designers to re-assess current vessel designs with emphasis on their propulsion systems and operational practices. In this paper the "Inclined Keel Hull (IKH)" concept, which facilitates to use larger propeller diameter in combination with lower shaft speed rates and hence better transport efficiency, is explored for a modern 3600 TEU container vessel with the aim of fitting an 13 % larger diameter propeller (and hence resulting 20% lower rpm) to gain further power saving over the similar size basis container ship with conventional "level keel" configuration. It appears that successful application of the "inclined keel Hull" concept is a fine balance amongst the maximum gain in propulsive efficiency, minimum increase in hull resistance and satisfaction of other naval architectural and operational requirements. In order to make the concept economically more viable, this paper concentrates on the fore body design with the possible combination of increase of volume in its fore body to recover the expected volume loss in the aft body due to the space for larger propeller and its low wave-making resistance to minimize the efficiency loss using a well-established optimization software.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2006

고분자 전해질 연료전지의 분리판의 유동채널 설계는 고전류밀도에서 발생하는 농도분극에 직접적인 영향을 줄 뿐 아니라 생성되는 물의 효과적인 전달을 위하여 매우 중요하다. 평행류 유로와 interdigitated 유로의 성능비교를 위하여 연료극과 공기극이 포함된 완전한 형태의 고분자 전해질 연료전지의 3차원 수치해석모델을 개발하였다. 수치해석모델을 사용하여 평행류 유동장과 interdigitated 유동장의 압력강하, 채널간의 물질전달, $H_2O$와 $O_2$의 농도 분포 그리고 i-V 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과 물질전달에서 채널간의 대류에 의한 물질전할이 더욱 우수한 interdigitated 유동채널에서 성능이 더 높게 나타났으며 압력강하는 보다 크게 나타나 설계시 두가지 성능에 대한 상호보완이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2022

Planner configuration thin film solar cells (TFSCs) with SnS/CdS heterojunction performed a lower short-circuit current (J_SC). In this study, we have demonstrated a path to overcome deficiency in J_SC by the incorporation of Se in the SnS absorber. We carried out the incorporation of Se in VTD grown SnS absorber by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The diffusion of Se is mostly governed by RTA temperature (T_RTA), also it is observed that film structure changes from cube-like to plate-like structure with T_RTA. The maximum J_SC of 23.1 mA cm^-2 was observed for 400℃ with an open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 0.140 V for the same temperature. The highest performance of 2.21% with J_SC of 18.6 mA cm^-2, V_OC of 0.290 V, and fill factor (FF) of 40.9% is observed for a T_RTA of 300℃. In the end, we compare the device performance of Se- incorporated SnS absorber with pristine SnS absorber material, increment in J_SC is approximately 80% while a loss in V_OC of about 20% has been observed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.305-312
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• 1996

Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are usually disclosed by exposure of cell to anisotonic media. If a cell is suddenly exposed to hypotonic media, it swells initially like an osmometer but within minutes regains its original cell volume. This behavior has been labelled as regulatory cell volume decrease(RVD). RVD is believed to result from the loss of permeable ions through the membrane. In this study, we examined hypotonically induced changes in the membrance currents involved in RVD by using whole cell voltage clamp technique in the unfertilized hamster egg. At -40mV of the holding potential, the stationary current was maintained in the hamster egg exposed to isotonic solution composed of, mainly, 115mM NaCl and 40mM mannitol. Hypotonic solution was prepared by removing mannitol. Therefore, the concentrations of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ in this hypotonic media were the same as those in the isotonic solution. Following 30 to 60 sec after applying the hypotonic media to the egg, the inward current was evoked. This inward current was eliminated by $100{\mu}M$ 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostil-bene-2,2'-disulfonic acid(SITS), an anion channel blocker, leaving the small outward current component. Further addition of 2mM $Ba^{2+}$, a broad $K^+$ channel blocker, completely abolished the small outward current left even in the presence of SITS during hypotonic stress. These results suggest that $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ move out of cells, resulting in RVD. To test the involvement of $Na^+$ in RVD, 20mM Na-isethionate was substituted for mannitol in isotonic media(135mM $Na^+$) and Na-isethionate (20mM) was freed the hypotonic solution. Only $Cl^-$ concentration in both isotonic and hypotonic media was kept constant at 115mM, whereas concentration of $Na^+$ was lowered in hypotonic solution to 115mM from 135mM in isotonic solution. Hypotonic medium induced the outward current in the egg equilibrated isotonically. This current was reduced by $100{\mu}M$ SITS but was augmented by 2 mM $Ba^{2+}$. In terms of RVD, these results imply that $Cl^-$ efflux is coupled with $K^+$, maybe for electroneutrality during hypotonic stress and/or with $Na^+$ via unknown transport mechanism(s). From the overall results, the hypotonic stress facilitates the movement of $Cl^-$ and $K^+$ out of the hamster egg to regain cellular volume with electroneutrality. If there exist a difference in $[Na^+]_0$ between isotonic and hypotonic solution, another transport mechanism concerned with $Na^+$ may, at least partly, participate in regulatory volume decrease.