• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2013

This study is about the periodic characteristics of Wonsam in the Joseon Dynasty. Wonsam include the Danryeong-shaped Wonsam in the beginning, the compound Wonsam in a period of transition and the stereotyped Wonsam in the late Joseon Dynasty. The formative characteristics of Wonsam are divided into four stages. The first stage of the Wonsam is from the 15th to 16th century. The shape of Wonsam began to form and it was similar to one of Danryeong during this time. The formative characteristics of the first Wonsam included collars that looked like one of Danryeong, side pleats(called Moo) with multiple inner folds, straight cylinder-shaped sleeves, and a belt tied with the Wonsam. There were various fabrics that were used for the Wonsam from this stage. Second stage of the Wonsam is from the early 17th to mid 17th century. This period marked the beginning of the transition of the Wonsam and it served as a stepping-stone to the development stage in the Joseon Dynasty. The characteristics of the transitional Wonsam were a complex combination of the Danryeong and Wonsam. During this period, the Wonsam went through many changes and forms in a short period of time. Third stage of the Wonsam is from the mid 17th to early 19th century. The Wonsam was developed at this stage. The developed Wonsam went through a period of transition equipped with a stable form. The formative characteristics of Wonsam during this period included collars that faced each other, big and wide sleeves with multicolored stripes, Hansam, curve-edged side seam and the side pleats(Moo) with multiple inner folds had disappeared. It was a turning point from the single-layered clothes to double layered clothes and from dark blue to green color appeared at this time. The fabric patterns of this stage tended to consist of more simplified silk pattern. The fourth stage of the Wonsam is from the late 19th to 20th century. The Wonsam was expanded at this stage. The formative characteristics and fabrics were typically used for the standard Wonsam and were divided into two types; as a ceremonial robe used in courts and a wedding ceremonial robe for the common people. Phenomena such as sewing of double-layered clothes as one and straight-edged side seam during the late Joseon period developed into simpler and more practical fashion culture.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.191-209
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• 2022

This paper is a review of studies that focus on the prediction of a won/dollar exchange rate before and after the covid 19 pandemic. The Korea economy has an unprecedent situation starting from 2021 up till 2022 where the won/dollar exchange rate has exceeded 1,400 KRW, a first time since the global financial crisis in 2008. The US Federal Reserve has raised the interest rate up to 2.5% (2022.7) called a 'Big Step' and the Korea central bank has also raised the interested rate up to 2.5% (2022.8) accordingly. In the unpredictable economic situation, the prediction of the won/dollar exchange rate has become more important than ever. The authors separated the period from 2015.Jan to 2022.Aug into three periods and built a best fitted ARIMA/ARDL prediction model using the period 1. Finally using the best the fitted prediction model, we predicted the won/dollar exchange rate for each period. The conclusions of the study were that during Period 3, when the usual relationship between exchange rates and economic factors appears, the ARDL model reflecting the variable relationship is a better predictive model, and in Period 2 of the transitional period, which deviates from the typical pattern of exchange rate and economic factors, the SARIMA model, which reflects only historical exchange rate trends, was validated as a model with a better predictive performance.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.603-612
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• 2007

Giorgio Armani has made a huge success with his own persistent unique fashion styles for the last 30 years. But he too went through a transitional period during which he was criticized for lacking the so-called Armani design. Overcoming the confusion, however, he succeeded in recreating his styles of elegant image and fascinating people with his practical and yet sophisticated modern classical styles that he pioneered. The design characteristics of his men's clothing are as follows; functional and comfortable slim silhouettes that bring life to the curves of the human body, grey-based mixed colors in a natural atmosphere, natural materials such as wool, silk, and cashmere that are light and soft and have great drape properties with femininity, solid patterns with stripes, checks, and geometrical figures added, and the elegance expressed in moderate decorations such as a handkerchief and scarf. Armani men's clothing has enjoyed ongoing popularity and success across the world because it transcends time and allows men to maintain their class not being bound by the formality. It's also important to notice that Armani takes into account the perspectives of both men who wear his clothes and women who look at the men in his clothes.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of scientific argumentation and its development in the process of mutual discussion activities by elementary school students in the 5th grade. The results of this study can be summarized as below: First, students used diversity argumentation components for solving the given argumentation theme, however, most students used the assertion or the basis of a simple expression of their own thoughts as a high ratio, and components of a one directional explanatory argumentation process rather than components of a mutual communicative argumentation process. Second, an asymmetric group showed a high-use ratio of communicative argumentation components and achieved argumentation activities harmoniously between a symmetric group and an asymmetric group in organization of groups for solving argumentation themes. It was found that students in the transitional period showed the highest rate of participation within the discussion process. Moreover, they also showed the highest rate of development of discussion skills whilst in the process of using scientific problems. In conclusion, this phenomenon is caused by highlighting the mutual action between the teacher and the student rather than placing an emphasis on the mutual action among students during field instructions.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.395-406
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of 2nd grade students' interaction in the classification activities of LTTS. For the purposes of this study, three heterogeneous groups, chosen by cognitive level, were selected. The students' interactions were audio/video taped and classified as either cognitive or affective interaction. The results of this study are as follows. In the cognitive interactions, the frequency and quality of the functions of 'questions' and 'making suggestions' were higher than those of 'Responses' and 'Receiving opinions'. In the affective interactions, the frequency of 'induction' and 'dissatisfaction' was higher than that of the other types. The frequency and quality of interactions of students in both the early and mid concrete stage were higher than those of students in the transitional stage. Qualitatively higher-level interactions such as 'making suggestions' and positive interactions such as 'induction' to induce students who were passive in activities were made by the students at higher cognitive levels. However, the low-level of interaction in suggesting their opinion to the constituent's suggestion and 'dissatisfaction' with student in transition period who were passive in activity influenced group working negatively.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.32.1-32.1
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• 2015

The gradual infall of small dark matter halos onto larger ones has become a relatively straightforward aspect of the standard hierarchical formation paradigm. What happens to the baryons they contain, however, is less well understood. Of special relevance are the processes that regulate and ultimately suppress star formation in galaxies in the early universe. The z=1.5-2.5 epoch is then particularly interesting as a transition period when global star-formation in the universe starts peaking but also where the first ostensibly collapsed and virialized galaxy clusters appear, along with segregated galaxy populations. From a theoretical point of view, the mode of gas accretion in massive halos is also expected to change around this time, switching from a cold to a hot phase and affecting the build-up and evolution of the galaxies they host. A lot of effort has thus been devoted to the search for high-redshift structures, in particular galaxy clusters, through a variety of methods. However, as the limited area for which deep datasets are available remains relatively limited, only few massive z>1.5 structures have been found so far. Here I will instead discuss the regulation of star-formation in lower-mass, X-ray detected halos at z~2 and its implication for galaxy quenching at high redshift. As these smaller, group-size halos are vastly more abundant and structurally simpler than massive clusters, they allow for true statistical studies and offer a novel way to probe environmental effects in this transitional epoch.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 1998

Newborn period is a transitional stage for independent adaptation from intrauterine to extrauterine life by maintaining respiration, temperature and nutrition. In general, the adaptability of the newborn is proportional to the gestational age(GA), so knowing the accurate GA is critical to develop nursing process in the newborn nursery. A newborn ma turity rating, a Ballard examination, has been used to measure GA by assessing the maturity of new-born. It consists a total of 12 items, which is the 6 items for the neuromuscular maturity and the 6 items for the physical maturity A total of 75 new-born were assessed for the maturity and GA using the Ballard examination. The results are follows : 1) The score of each item of Ballard examination is propotional to GA using the Ballard examination as well as LMP. 2) There was a greater positive relationship between neuromuscular, physical and total maturity, and the GA measured by Ballard examination, than the GA measured by LMP. 3) Any stressful environment to the newborn could influence to the maturity of newborn. In summary, the study showed the Ballard examination Is more reliable and clincially feasible method to measure the accurate G4 compared to the GA by LMP. Therefore, it suggests the application of Ballard examination to measure the new born maturity and GA is beneficial in developing nursing process. The expansion of the study with the variety of the subject characteristics nil on hance the clinical applicability of the examination.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.9
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• pp.123-150
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• 2010

In his non-hierarchical approach to art making, Robert Irwin questions how art is made. In the process, he seems to come down on both sides of the Modernism versus Postmodernism debate. Insofar as he wants to advance the avant garde tenets of modern art, he can be thought of as a modernist. But insofar as he denies Modernism's claims for transcendental status, he can be thought of as a postmodernist. Irwin's light and space environments, in particular, are conditioned by their basic attachments to their surroundings. They reveal the commonplace, but largely overlooked, richness of visual perception. By encouraging his viewers to open their eyes, Irwin wants them to engage in an act of looking, one that manipulates the basic syntax of seeing. This paper discusses Irwin's contributions to the art of his time (basically the transitional period between Abstract Expressionism and Minimalism) using as an example a light and space environment he created as the backdrop for the "First National Symposium on Habitability." This work was later reprised in 1980 as an independent installation. These works are examined to show how Irwin's art displaces modernist notions of authoritative (and authoritarian) quality with postmodernist ideas of direct (and demotic) value.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.299-309
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• 2014

When biped robots make turns, the ability to walk stably and precisely along any circular path is crucial. In this context, inverse kinematics solutions are found for accurate gait realization, and new zero moment point(ZMP) equations are derived with respect to the cyclindrical coordinate system to facilitate generation of stable walking patterns. Then, appropriate steady and transitional walking patterns are both proposed in form of time functons. Subsequently, walking patterns for a path but of different speeds are generated using the functions and associated formulas, and preliminarily checked for stability based on the ZMP equations. Upon comparison of those cases, one can see how and when robots may fall down during circular walking. Finally, those patterns are put to test on the sample robot by ADAMS(R) along with the inverse kinematics solutions and a new balance control scheme compensating for insufficient stability particulary during the initial transition period. Test results show that the robot can walk along the circular path as predicted at a resonably high speed despite the distributed mass and ground contact effects, validating effectiveness of the suggested approach.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.699-707
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• 1995

Eurasian yellow perch (Perca fluviatilis) and American yellow perch (Perca flavescens) are known to be endemic species in Eurasia and North America, respectively. The presence of endemic species on each continent suggests their independent evolutionary history. However, because of the morphological similarity, distribution pattern, and only recent fossil record, their divergence time and speciation of the two Perca species has long been controversial. Here, from the comparison of the entire nucleotide sequences of cytochrome b gene, large genetic divergence between the two Perca species is observed although they are morphologically similar each other. Among 1,140 base pairs, interspecific nucleotide differences are found at 130 sites $(11.4\%)$. The differences varies with codon position, showing 22 sites in the first, 5 sites in the second, and 103 sites in the third codon position. Considering the types of nucleotide changes, transitional differences are much more than transversional differences and its ratio turned out to be 5.19. The estimated divergence time of the two Perca species indicates that they were separated each other approximately in the late Miocene period, which implies the long history of speciation. With comparison of the inferred amino acid sequences, strong structural and functional constraints which seem to be maintained by the highly conservative amino acid residues or protein regions, as found in other taxonomic groups of organisms, are also recognized in the cytochrome b of the fishes examined.