• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.809-816
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal nutritional status and health behaviors on the concentrations of minerals (Zn, Fe, Ca) and the immunological substances (lactoferrin, sIgA, Iysozyme) in breast milk. Breast milk was collected from 193 healthy Korean women from obstetric clinics and postpartum care centers in Seoul. : 99 colostrum (1 - 5 days postpartum), 33 transitional milk (6 - 10 days postpartum), 61 mature milk (11 - 50 days postpartum). The concentrations of minerals and immunological substance were highest in colostrum and decreased with lactational period. Concentrations of Zn and Fe reduced significantly from colostrum to mature milk, however, Ca concentration stayed constant throughout the lactational period. Contents of lactoferrin, sIgA, and lysozyme were significantly lower in mature milk than in colostrum. Mother's nutritional status, assessed by prepregnancy BMI, had an effect only on colostrum, but not on transition and mature milk. Fe concentration of colostrum was significantly lower in underweight (prepregnancy BMI < 18.5) than in overweight mothers (prepregnancy BMI $\geq$ 23.0). Also lower tendency was observed for sIgA and lysozyme contents, even though the difference was not statistically significant. Pregnancy weight gain had no effect on the breast milk component. Since nutritional factors had some effect on colostrum, the health behaviors of mothers providing colostrum were assessed. The mother's behavior of smoking, drinking, morning sickness, parity, disease, nutrient supplement use had no significant effect on the breast milk component, however, Zn, sIgA, and lysozyme were the somewhat affected components by maternal health behavior.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.421-431
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• 2004

Purpose: The study was performed to investigate the predictors associated transition with each stage of exercise behavior based to the Transtheoretical Model, and to provide basic data for exercise behavior programs for middle aged women. Methods: The subjects consisted of 434 women residing in B city by convenience sampling. The collected data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression using SPSS/WIN program. Results: The predictors of transition from precontemplation to contemplation were consciousness raising(OR=2.095, 95% CI: 1.305-3.363), Reinforcement management(OR= 1.903, 95% CI: 1.107-3.271), Stimulus control (OR=2.176, 95% CI:1.239-3.820), Menstrual status (OR=5.327, 95% CI: 1.110-25.562). The predictors of transition from contemplation to preparation were Helping relationship(OR= 1.671, 95% CI: 1.065-2.662), Pros(OR=2.500, 95% CI: 1.254-4.982), Perceived Health status (OR=.178, 95% CI: .041-.770). The predictor of transition from preparation to action was Stimulus control(OR=1.918, 95% CI: 1.103- 3.336). The predictors of transition from action to maintenance were Consciousness raising(OR= 1.939, 95% CI: 1.031-3.647), Dramatic relief (OR=2.249, 95% CI: 1.025-4.931). Conclusions: Adequate examination on the factors, which can predict the transitional stages of change exercise behaviors among middle aged women, which is presented in this study. The results of this study will become the pillar of exercise intervention program planning and application.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2012

최근 동결지반의 다양한 문제들에 대한 관심이 증대하면서 동결의 영향을 받는 지반의 거동특성에 관한 이론정립 및 체계적인 연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 기존의 정립된 토질역학 이론과는 달리 동결지반에서 온도의 영향과 간극수의 동결에 의한 상변화는 간극수의 이동, 지반팽창, 작용토압의 급격한 증가 등 여러가지 문제들을 야기한다. 본 논문에서는 비동결-동결 전이 상태에서 연속성을 갖는 새로운 응력변수를 도입하여, 동결 작용을 받는 다공질 재료에 대한 THM 역학적 탄소성 구성모델을 유도하였다. 개발된 구성모델을 1차원 팽창압, 동결토의 삼축압축 강도 그리고 일방향 동결실험에 적용하여 해의 안정성과 구성모델의 적용성에 대하여 논의하였다. 수치해석 결과는 동결토의 복잡한 THM현상들을 효과적으로 묘사할 수 있었으며, 동결의 영향하에 있는 지반구조물의 해석과 설계 및 시공될 구조물의 장기거동예측에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.925-936
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• 2020

To ascertain the characteristics of pool sloshing behavior that might be encountered during a core disruptive accident of sodium-cooled fast reactors, in our earlier work several series of experiments were conducted under various scenarios including the condition with mono-sized solid particles. It is found that under the particle-bed condition, three typical flow regimes (namely the bubble-impulsion dominant regime, the transitional regime and the bed-inertia dominant regime) could be identified and a flow-regime model (base model) has been even successfully established to estimate the regime transition. In this study, aimed to further understand this behavior at more realistic particle-bed conditions, a series of simulated experiments is newly carried out using mixed-size particles. Through analyses, it is verified that for present scenario, by applying the area mean diameter, our previously-developed base model can provide the most appropriate predictive results among the various effective diameters. To predict the regime transition with a form of extension scheme, a correction factor which is based on the volume-mean diameter and the degree of convergence in particle-size distribution is suggested and validated. The conducted analyses in this work also indicate that under certain conditions, the potential separation between different particle components might exist during the sloshing process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.589-600
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• 2022

Investigations on the molten-pool sloshing behavior are of essential value for improving nuclear safety evaluation of Core Disruptive Accidents (CDA) that would be possibly encountered for Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFR). This paper is aimed at synthesizing the knowledge from our recent studies on molten-pool sloshing behavior with solid particles conducted at the Sun Yat-sen University. To better visualize and clarify the mechanism and characteristics of sloshing induced by local Fuel-Coolant Interaction (FCI), experiments were performed with various parameters by injecting nitrogen gas into a 2-dimensional liquid pool with accumulated solid particles. It was confirmed that under different particle-bed conditions, three representative flow regimes (i.e. the bubble-impulsion dominant, transitional and bed-inertia dominant regimes) are identifiable. Aimed at predicting the regime transitions during sloshing process, a predictive empirical model along with a regime map was proposed on the basis of experiments using single-sized spherical solid particles, and then was extended for covering more complex particle conditions (e.g. non-spherical, mixed-sized and mixed-density spherical particle conditions). To obtain more comprehensive understandings and verify the applicability and reliability of the predictive model under more realistic conditions (e.g. large-scale 3-dimensional condition), further experimental and modeling studies are also being prepared under other more complicated actual conditions.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.444-453
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to construct a grounded theory as the basis for nursing intervention by describing and analysing the holistic lived experiences of clients receiving long-term hemodialysis. The subjects of this study were fifteen persons receiving regular hemodialysis regimen at artificial kindey treatment centers in two different university hospitals, and who were able to participate in conversation and were available for long and dup interviews. Eight of the subjects were male and seven were female and their ages ranged from 30's to 60's. The length of the hemodialysis experience ranged from two months to six years. The collection and analysis of data were done in accordance with the grounded theory methodology of Strauss & Corbin. The method to collect the data mainly depended. on long and deep interviews, participant observation and focused group interviews and the equipment used to collect data were a portable tape recorder and field notes. The study is summarized as follows : 1. The meaning of holistic lived experiences of clients receiving long -term hemodialysis was found to be uncertainty. which was identified as the core category. 2. The main categories following the core category were found to be shock, ambiguity, social support and quality of life. 3. Through the main category the type of behavior newly formed by clients receiving long-term hemodialysis was found to be as follows. That is to say, in the circumstances of shock caused by the identified fact and the ambiguity of hemodilysis they formed a quality of life based on social support, which was found to be a kind of chaotic phenomenon. 4. The lived experiences of clients receiving long-tern hemodialysis was found to include nine categories : emotional shock, feelings of isolation, burden, unclearness, dependency, help from others, coping strategies, maintenance of self-esteem and transitional life. 5. The intervening factors influencing each category are as follows : 1) The factors influencing 'emetional shock' were found to be set age, the level of knowledge received in advance, locus of control, the period of struggle against the disease before hemodialysis and whether any serious illness existed. 2) The factors influencing 'feelings of isolation' were found to be religion and the length of the hemodialysis experience. 3) The factors influencing 'burden' were found to be sex, economic situation, employment status and the length of the hemodialysis experience. 4) The factors influencing 'unclearness' were found to be sex, age, religion. economic situation, the length of the hemodiaysis experience, whether they had had a transfusion and whether there were any complications. 5) The factors influencing 'help from others' were found to be religion. economic situation, past experiences and whether family members lived together. 6) The factors influencing 'coping strategies' were foung to be age, level of education, experiences of illness and locus of control. 7) The factors influeruing 'maintenance of self-esteem' were found to be the length of the hemodialysis experience and self-actualization. 8) The factors influencing 'transitional life' were found to be age, religion, economic situation, employment status. locus of control. past experiences and whether there was a plan for a kidney transplant.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2000

Background: Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood. We have to pay attention to their psycho-social problems as well as their physical symptoms. In this context, we need to investigate the adolescent depression tendency and its related factors. Method : From May to June in 1008, we chose one elementary school, one middle school and one high school in Seoul and surveyed for all students who were above the 4th grade of elementary school and their parents. We analyzed the data for 3,685 students. Result: From the 6th grade of elementary school to the 1st grade of high school, the girls' DSRS(Depression self-rating scale) score was significantly higher than the boys'. The DSRS score was increased from the 2nd grade of high school for boys and from the 1st grade of high school for girls. The Pearson correlation coefficient between age and DSRS score was 0.16(p<0.01) and that between APGAR and DSRS score was -0.45(p<0.01). The median number of psychosomatic symptoms of the past month was 6, and when students complained for more psychosomatic symptoms, the DSRS scores were higher. Those who drank or smoked ranked significantly higher in DSRS score; and, those who exercised regularly, had leisure activity, and had a faithful person for counselling ranked significantly lower in DSRS score. Conclusion : Adolescents who complained of many psychosomatic symptoms needed to be screened for depression. A primary physician have to intervene about health related behavior such as family function, smoking, exercise and relieving stress.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 1996

Although bladder cancers are very common, little is known about their molecular pathogenesis. It is known that p53 alteration is found in about 60% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, necessiating aggressive therapy and poor outcome. We examined the nuclear expression of p53 protein, using D07 monoclonal antibody in the urine samples from 31 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to investigate the correlation of p53 overexpression with histologic grades and depth of invasion. The positive rate of p53 protein was 27% in superficial bladder tumor, but increased up to 71% in the invasive bladder carcinomas. The overexpression of p53 protein increased according to Mostofi grading system from 18% in grade I, 45% in grade II, and up to 100% in grade III. The p53 expression tended to be higher in the invasive and high grade bladder cancers than in the superficial and low grade ones(p<0.05). These results suggest that immunohistochemical analysis of the urine specimen in the bladder cancer patients could be a useful method of screening for the presence of p53 mutant protein. The mutant p53 protein expression may be an indicator of bladder cancer with more proliferative potential and/or aggressive biologic behavior.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.428-433
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• 2006

Objective : We investigated the pattern of glucose uptake in meningiomas using $^{18}F$-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose[FDG] PET/CT. It was hypothesized that the degree of glucose uptake in each tumor could predict the histologic grade. Methods : In 19 patients with meningiomas, the Ki-67 proliferative index, standardized uptake values[SUV] of FDG uptake, tumor to contralateral gray matter ratio[TGR] of SUV, tumor size, edema grade, vascular endothelial growth factor[VEGF] expression, histopathologic grade and the blood supply pattern were assessed. Results : Of the 19 meningiomas, 8 were meningothelial, 1 fibrous, 2 transitional, 1 psammomatous, 2 angiomatous, and 5 atypical. The tumor proliferative index of Ki-67, tumor size, and peritumoral edema were larger in the histopathologic grade-2 meninigiomas than in the grade-1 meningioma group. There were no significant differences in SUV and TGR between two groups. Tumor size and peritumoral edema were significantly larger in VEGF-positive tumors than in negative tumors. Conventional angiography was performed in 12 patients. Dural supply was noted predominantly in 2 patients. Four patients had mainly pial cortical supply patterns. In tumors with more pial supply, VEGF was more frequently positive. There was a significant relation between SUV and Ki-67 and between SUV and peritumoral edema. Conclusion : We found FOG uptake in meningiomas is associated with proliferative potential, however, no clear limits of SUV and TGR can be set to distinguish between grade-1 and grade-2 meningiomas, which makes the assessment of malignancy grade using PET scan metabolic imaging difficult in individual cases.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2009

진공챔버는 진공게이지 교정, 산업에서의 재료처리 등 여러 가지 다양한 용도에 맞게 적용이 가능하다. 이 진공챔버 내부에서 가스가 유입되는 과정에서의 진공도는 일정하게 유지하기가 힘들다. 산업체 응용에서뿐만 아니라 연구과정에서도 진공챔버 내부에 가스가 유입되는 동안의 내부압력분포와 최대도달 평형압력을 아는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이러한 진공챔버 내부의 압력 불균형을 감소시키기 위해서 가스 주입구 부분에 baffle을 이용하는 방법이 있다. 현재 지속적인 기체흐름이 있는 진공챔버 내부의 기체흐름의 작용에 관해 0.1 Pa~133 Pa 영역에서 불규칙한 압력을 최소화하기 위한 baffle plate의 효과에 대해 연구하였다. 최대편차는 가스 주입구 부분에서 나타나는 압력으로 baffle plate가 전환흐름영역에서 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.