• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.214-221
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• 2010

The transitional zone between tunnel and earthwork is one of the most vulnerable areas site for railway lines and because of differential settlement due to different stiffness of each supporting layer, it has to conducted a maintenance work constantly. In this study, it is conducted to compare the effect of reinforcement by wheel load and displacement of the sleepers after existing sleepers are replaced with the large sleepers for 20m long in-field transitional zone. Also, numerical parametric study using multi-layer elastic method has been performed to compare rail force, settlement and stresses of ballast while varying size and space of the sleeper. The field test and numerical results show that replacing the large sleepers improves about 10% of total settlement and coefficient of wheel force than conventional sleepers. Effectiveness of improvement is about 9.3%, 4%, 14.5% for rail seat force, settlement of sleepers and ballast pressure respectively with size of sleepers.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.241-245
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• 1994

A method has been developed to estimate the kinetic energy release originating from the reverse critical energy in unimolecular ion dissociation. Contribution from the excess energy was estimated by RRKM theory, the statistical adiabatic model and the modified phase space calculation. This was subtracted from the experimental kinetic energy release distribution (KERD) via deconvolution. The present method has been applied to the KERDs in $H_2$, loss from $C_6H_6^+$ and HF loss from ${CH_2CF_2}^+$. In the present formalism, not only the energy in the reaction coordinate but also the energy in some transitional vibrational degrees of freedom at the transition state is thought to contribute to the experimental kinetic energy release. Details of the methods for treating the transitional modes are found not to be critical to the final outcome. For a reaction with small excess energy and large reverse critical energy. KERD is shown to be mainly governed by the reverse critical energy.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.2 s.55
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to show the development process of space concept by studying on the Louis I. Kahn's painting as pre-architectural thinking. Generally the idea of an architect is represented with lots of mediums, and the architectural thinking is developed through the process. In his early days, he, as an architect, made many travel sketches of Europe. In these clays, painting was the most significant medium to him. Since 1950's, he also left lots of sketches affected by abstract painting in addition to travel sketches. The results of this study were as follows: He found the image of antiquity from his painting and he made this image into abstraction in the facade. And the image of ruins was translated the layered space which was the transitional space. And he presented 'marche' through the series of painting of various view point. The Concept of 'marche' was translated into the connections of repetitive mass in the architectural space.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.131-141
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• 2010

This study is aimed to grasp the spatial characteristics exhibited in the modern housing architecture from the aspect of a geometrical manipulation, which transforms basic geometrical shapes and persue the formative diversity, to identify and verify the various characteristics of spatial structure in modern housing architecture. In this regard, this paper analyze and identify the influences of the void spaces that are created by geometrical manipulations on housing architecture, in terms of morphological and environmental aspects. Theoretical approaches define the concept of geometrical manipulation according to the characteristics of residence and examine the spatial features of void spaces. Additionally, case studies result in the classification of void spaces that are created by geometrical manipulation. Furthermore, to understand environment-friendly characteristics of the void space, the researcher elicited the factors that can affect environment friendly housing from previous studies, and analyzed their correlation between those factors and the void spaces that are classified.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.11-19
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• 2010

Technological development of information and communication have brought sharp changes to every sector such as society, culture, economy and education because of knowledge and information-oriented society. The number of classes has decreased, and some schools are closed or incorporated due to decrease of the population. Such phenomenon has brought changes to learning using digital technology and space. A change called digital innovation is characterized by interactive communication centering on the internet network. Therefore, it is very important to predict educational environment to be changed according to digital environment and to note how real learning space is changed. The development of digital technology in society in general presents two concepts of digital and contents, digitalized information. Such technology is recognized as a new paradigm in education sector and a new space is created through participation of instructors and learners in learning space. This study analysed cases of learning space of elementary schools based on bibliographical examination and related bibliography including data from academic presentations and news release to present developed leaning space. To present healthy and creative learning environment which can lead knowledge and information-based society in the future, the preface described the background, purpose, methods and range of the study, and analysed transitional processes of society and culture, digital learning contents, and learning space in education of elementary schools. Finally the study identified trends and cases of research on learning space and suggested digital learning contents space.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.385-394
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• 2004

The process for the information society centered on the internet supplied us a space of another life, cyber space. In the reality that the cyber space exercised its influence on the our society outstandingly, this researcher think that it needs to have to discuss about the cyber school in the elementary schools by making use of experience the soft landing of cyber university. This study suggested the model of cyber elementary school applicable to the elementary schools, and discussed with the operational plan by the model. Also, it examined the field teachers' opinions about the model classification and operation through the questionnaire, and analyzed the result. It was divided into the four sorts of cyber elementary schools like the school support type, school associated type, and independent type, and transitional period type. This study researched the concept by the model each, the object and purpose of major education, the operational system, curriculum and contents. As a result of collecting their opinions through the questionnaire, it is desirable to be operated as the transitional period type and the school support type in case of the introduction of cyber elementary schools in the present elementary schools.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.44-51
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• 2005

This study focuses 'Korean characteristics' in architectural interior design. In this study, some Korean characteristics was extracted by analysing traditional Korean spaces and as well as by considering the architectural interior spaces which are designed with Korean character since 1970. This paper started with differenciating the elements and principles that consist of space, and then classified the elements into 8 categories such as Spatial system, Enclosure system, Circulation system, Material system, Furnishing system, Light, Color, Context which are analysing frames. As a conclusion, the concepts of Korean characteristics are extracted and suggested as design concept with Korean characteristics by analysing the contents of each category. These concepts were presented with simple diagrams and supporting cases were also presented in this paper. The design concepts of 'Korean characteristics' are classified in the 25 concepts: Holonic composition, Transitional space, Hierarchy by floor level, Gradation of privacy, Changeability, Various central yards, Space with opened edges, Gray space, Continuity of space, Translucent wall, Folding-lifting wall, Skeleton, Abstract facet, Path as a message, Mild light, Multii-layered vista, Fluidity, framed scenery, Serial view, Interpenetrating Space, Harmony with nature, Organic interrelationship, Complementary Dual Structure, Temporal change of space, Hierarchical order.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.192-199
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• 1994

Diffuse pahbronchiolitis(DPB) is a relatively new, chronic, nonspecific, inflammatory disease of the lung that typically involves the airways in the "transitional" zone of the lung. Clinically, DPB strongly resembles chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the distinction between the two is crucial because the former is often fatal, requiring different therapeutic strategies. This study was prospectively carried out to assess diagnostic usefulness of radioaerosol scan(RAS) in DPB. RAS findings were analyzed with respect to the location and extent of abnormal aerosol deposition in the lung divided into the central, intermediary, and transitional airways and the peripheral airspaces. RAS showed mottled aerosol deposits characteristically in the transitional and intermediary airways with peripheral airspace defects. Such a deposition pattern contrasted sharply with central aerosol deposition of COPD. In conclusion, RAS appears to be a convenient, noninvasive, and useful diagnostic method of DPB.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.66-73
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• 2009

In the digital age, as it is ambiguous to distinguish between the original and a replica, the order of reproduction which is more realistic than the reality is becoming a new cultural order. Before the period when digital paradigm dominates, always the reality has been an object to be copied. But, today is an age of Simulacre where code of digital technology dominates. Such a phenomenon is shown in the construction space without exception Gilles Deleuze who was a representative philosopher of the post-structuralism depicted the concept of Simulacre as an instant 'event' passing by without change in an object or substance. As the result of analyzing what kinds of feature for the concept of event is expressed in the digital space, a diagram itself could be a design process, the digital space with correlation was able to be created through the change in the meaning according to the changing image and my body which was the leading part to form primary space. In such a meaning, this study pays attention to Deleuze's 'Event(Simulacre)' concept. At this transitional period when a new concept of digital space is about to take root, the modern philosophers' theories and the discussions about spatial relativity should be continually studied, along with the development of spacial theories for the modem construction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.19-28
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• 2003

Residential space can be stated as a decisive body compositely affected by environmental, physical, social, and cultural influences. Resulting from this idea, residential space can be defined as a mirror reflecting peoples' life at that period. Therefore, it is possible to understand the social and cultural aspects of a certain era through analyzing the residential space built and used at that period. Viewing from this point, latter term of Chosun Period, as a transitional period, was a tie of collapse for the structure of middle-class society forcing its identity system to be reorganized, and of improving upon commerce, agriculture, and manual industry to enable modernization. Following this idea, the goal of this research is to analyze characteristics of higher middle class residences built at the close of 19th century in Gyeonggi province in order to bring into light the change of social structure of the period.