• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2008

The ecophysiological changes occurring upon cold stress were studied using cold tolerant transgenic and wild-type tobacco plants. In a previous study, cold tolerance in tobacco was induced by the introduction of a gene encoding the zinc finger transcription factor, PIF1. Gas-exchange measurements including net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were performed prior to, in the middle of, and after a cold-stress treatment of $1{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 96 h in each of the four seasons. In both transgenic and wild-type plants, gas-exchange parameters were severely decreased in the middle of the cold treatment, but had recovered after 2-3 h of adaptation in a greenhouse. Most t-test comparisons on gas-exchange measurements between the two plant types did not show statistical significance. Wild-type plants had slightly more water-soaked damage on the leaves than the transgenic plants. A light-response curve did not show any differences between the two plant types. However, the curve for assimilation-internal $CO_2$ in wild-type plants showed a much higher slope than that of the PIF1 transgenic plants. This means that the wild-type plant is more capable of regenerating Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and has greater electron transport capacity. In conclusion, cold-resistant transgenic tobacco plants demonstrated a better recovery of net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance after cold-stress treatment compared to wild-type plants, but the ecophysiological recoveries of the transgenic plants were not statistically significant.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of washing medium, breed and washing temperature of fresh and frozen-thawed boar sperm on mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity by flow cytometry. More than $80\%$ of fresh sperm washed with mTLP-PVA medium at $20^{\circ}C$ exhibited an intact membrane and a functional mitochondrion. With frozen-thawed samples, a large number of sperm showed both damaged membrane $(36.4\~46.9\%)$ and nonfunctional mitochondrion $(55.1\~71.1\%)$ in the mTLP-PVA and BTS washing media at $20^{\circ}C$. There were no breed effects of fresh and frozen-thawed sperm on mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity. The percentages of damaged membrane of fresh and frozen sperm, respectively, were higher at $4^{\circ}C$ washing temperature than at $20^{\circ}C$ washing temperature in the mTLP-PVA medium. We found that washing medium and washing temperature of fresh and frozen-thawed boar sperm were important for the analyses of mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity by flow cytometry.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Background: The roots of Panax ginseng contain noble tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins derived from dammarenediol-II. Dammarene-type ginsenosides are classified into the protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) groups based on their triterpene aglycone structures. Two cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes (CYP716A47 and CYP716A53v2) are critical for the production of PPD and PPT aglycones, respectively. CYP716A53v2 is a protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase that catalyzes PPT production from PPD in P. ginseng. Methods: We constructed transgenic P. ginseng lines overexpressing or silencing (via RNA interference) the CYP716A53v2 gene and analyzed changes in their ginsenoside profiles. Result: Overexpression of CYP716A53v2 led to increased accumulation of CYP716A53v2 mRNA in all transgenic roots compared to nontransgenic roots. Conversely, silencing of CYP716A53v2 mRNA in RNAi transgenic roots resulted in reduced CYP716A53v2 transcription. HPLC analysis revealed that transgenic roots overexpressing CYP716A53v2 contained higher levels of PPT-group ginsenosides ($Rg_1$, Re, and Rf) but lower levels of PPD-group ginsenosides (Rb1, Rc, $Rb_2$, and Rd). By contrast, RNAi transgenic roots contained lower levels of PPT-group compounds and higher levels of PPD-group compounds. Conclusion: The production of PPD- and PPT-group ginsenosides can be altered by changing the expression of CYP716A53v2 in transgenic P. ginseng. The biological activities of PPD-group ginsenosides are known to differ from those of the PPT group. Thus, increasing or decreasing the levels of PPT-group ginsenosides in transgenic P. ginseng may yield new medicinal uses for transgenic P. ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 1997

The transgene, pFV4CAT, containing CAT reporter gene regulated by carp $\beta$-actin promoter, was expressed in independent transgenic mud loach germ lines, determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Expression of the transmitted transgene was found to be tissue-specific in F1 and F2 generations. Tissue specificity of the expression was dependent on each transgenic line with reproducible patterns. Liver and spleen did express the transgene more frequently than other tissues tested, and muscle and heart revealed the higher amount of CAT than other tissues, while testes showed the lowest expression level. The highest level of CAT expression in muscle from a transgenic F1 line was corresponding to 68-fold compared to the basal levels of controls.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2015

Transgenic animals have been widely used for developmental biology studies, as disease models, and even in industry such as transgenic bioreactor animals. For transgenic birds, quail has the great advantages of small body size, short generation time, and frequent egg production. To date, retroviral or lentiviral transduction has been used to generate transgenic quail for various purposes. However, the efficiency of transgenic offspring production with these methods is relatively low and viral vector usage has safety issues. Unfortunately, non-viral transgenesis has not been established in quail due to a deficiency of stem cell and germ cell culture systems. In this study, we established a direct in ovo lipofection method that could be used to create transgenic quail without germline-competent cells or viruses. To optimize the injection stage during embryo development, the liposome complex (containing piggyBacCMV-GFP and transposase plasmids) was introduced into an embryonic blood vessel at 50 hr, 55 hr or 60 hr. GFP expression was detected in various tissues (heart, kidney, liver and stomach) on day 12 of incubation under a fluorescence microscope. Additionally, GFP-positive cells were detected in the recipient embryonic gonads. In conclusion, the direct in ovo lipofection method with the piggyBac transposon could be an efficient and useful tool for generating transgenic quail.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.547-554
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of a transgenic Aspergillus oryzae(AO) culture on the performance, egg quality and intestinal microflora of layers. A total of 840 Hy-line Brown layers of 39wks old were assigned to one of the following 7 dietary treatments: control(C), C+0.2% AO culture, C+0.5% AO culture, C+0.2% transgenic AO culture, C+0.5% transgenic AO culture, C+0.2% transgenic mutant AO culture, and C+0.5% transgenic mutant AO culture. The transgenic AO was made by inserting Salmonella gallinarum gene to AO. And the transgenic mutant AO was made by inserting Salmonella gallinarum gene to mutant AO which was mutated by UV irradiation. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds housed in 2 bird cage. Twenty birds units were arranged according to completely randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted for 8wks under 16 hour lighting regimen. Laying performance and egg quality were significantly(P<0.05) affected by the treatments. Transgenic AO culture supplementation at the level of 0.2% significantly increased egg production, while its egg weight was significantly decreased compared to that of the control. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were not significantly different among the AO treatments and the control. The eggshell strength of the AO treatments was significantly higher than that of the control. Transgenic mutant AO culture supplemented at the level of 0.5% significantly increased egg yolk color. Intestinal microflora were significantly(P<0.05) affected by the treatments. The cfu of Lactobacilli spp. significantly increased and those of Salmonella species and E. coli decreased in the AO treatments. The transgenic AO and transgenic mutant AO culture were more effective than the AO culture in reducing the cfu of Salmonella species and E. coli. It is concluded that supplementation of the transgenic AO culture at the level of 0.2% could be recommended for the improvement of egg production. Supplementation of transgenic AO or transgenic mutant AO culture at 0.2% level effectively controlled intestinal Salmonella species population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1994

There are several gene transfer methods available to introduce foreign DNA into animal. The most common method at present is microinjection. However, the overall efficiency of producing practical application of gene transfer technology to livestock species is production of pharmaceuticals. Rare human proteins, which cannot be produced into milk of transgenic animals. Large amount of biologically active protein may be obtained from transgenic farm animals using this system. Growth-related application to livestock species using growth hormone genes or factor genes have been disappointing. There were many undesirable side effects noted in the transgenic animals. More sophisticated on or off transgene expression are needed to control expression of transgenes in the transgenic animals. Turning positive effects while circumventing potentially harmful effects.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.212-212
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• 2004

Collagen has been widely studied for medical applications. Previous studies have shown that the bovine β-casein promoter were able to drive cell-specific and hormone-dependent expression to a mouse mammary cell line but failed to induce accurate expression to the mammary gland. of transgenic mice. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.77-79
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• 2006

한국재래오골계는 천연기념물로 등록이 되어 있어 세계의 중요한 유전자원 중 하나이다. 현재 한국에서 사육되어 있는 오골계의 유전적 특성을 규명하기 위하여 미토콘드리아 DNA의 변이를 이용하여 계통 분석을 실시하였다. 총 31 마리의 한국재래오골계가 이 분석에 이용되었으며 10개의 haplotypes이 관찰되었다. NJ 방법으로 만들어진 계통도 분석을 통하여 이미 닭에서 알려진 A부터 C의 lineage를 포함하는 것으로 보아 한국 재래오골계는 아직도 높은 유전적 다형성을 유지하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구 결과는 한국 재래오골계의 육종 및 보존 계획을 세우는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.244-257
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• 2000

Recent progress in molecular biology has made it possible to transfer genes of interest into cells and target tissues of living animals. This enables one to manipulate phenotype of cells and whole animals in selected and intended ways. The consequence of such gene transfer attempts have been the production of various types of "transgenic" animals that cannot be classified by classical nomenclature of exclusively either "transgenic" or "nontransgenic". Emphasis was placed on characterizing two transgenic categories, i.e., "transfectgenic and somatotransgenic" and "genuine transgenic" animals basically from a view point of their use for therapeutic purposes. Current state of art and possible solutions for problems encountered at present are discussed.