• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

PURPOSE: Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) should be carefully assessed in patient for whom manipulation of the cervical spine is to be undertaken. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocity following head and body positioning by transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty two healthy female (mean age $20.77{\pm}1.30yrs.$) participants volunteered to participate in the study. None of the participants had a history of neck pain or headache within the last 6 months. To evaluate the cerebral blood flow, we measured the mean flow velocity of the posterior cerebral artery unilaterally (right side). The blood flow velocity was measured under 3 different head positions (in a neutral head position, ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation position) and 2 different body conditions (supine position and sitting position). RESULTS: The mean blood flow velocity of posterior cerebral artery was decreased in body positioning from supine to sitting (p<.05), but the decreased rate of blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery did not change significantly between ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation (p>.05). CONCLUSION: These result of our study show that body positioning (sitting and supine) affect the blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study is to examine the effects of SSP(silver-spike point) therapy, applied to acupuncture points, on the middle cerebral arteries blood flows of sample group(tention-type headache patients, n=12) and control group(non tension-type headache patients, n=12), and on the reduction of their headaches, when applied to acupuncture points. Methods : We stimulated 6 acupuncture points for headache with the SSP(three times a week for three weeks), and measured VAS(visual analogue scale) and the blood flow of the middle cerebral arteries with TCD(transcranial doppler ultrasonography). Results : The blood flow of the middle cerebral artery and VAS of the sample group and the control group were compared four times(initial, 1weeks, 2weeks, 3weeks) and significant differences in the measurements were found at 3 weeks(p<.05). The blood flow of the middle cerebral artery of the sample group was significantly increased, and VAS was significantly decreased in both groups. Conclusions : The silver-spike-point low-frequency electrical-stimulation treatment, applied to acupuncture points, can significantly increase the blood flow of the middle cerebral arteries in headache patients and can thus alleviate their headaches.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.255-264
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analysis effects of resistive exercise on cardiopulmonary fitness and cerebral artery blood flow velocity. Methods : Ten healthy university students had done resistive exercise without aerobic exercise over one year participated resistive exercise group and ten general university students, then were calculated oxygen consumption ($VO_2$) and respiratory exchange rate($VO_2/VCO_2$). After a week, they were measured Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography(TCD) at moderate exercise(HRmax 50%), maximal exercise (HRmax 100%) for taking cerebral blood flow velocity. Results : In the comparison between groups, resistive exercise group showed significant higher oxygen consumption and lower respiratory exchange than controls(p<0.05). In resistive exercise group, oxygen consumption was significant negative correlation with cerebral artery pulsatory index(p<0.05). but, oxygen consumption was significant positive correlation with systolic blood flow velocity in controls(p<0.05). Conclusions : After considering all the factors, important value in resistive exercise is regular participation and help us increasing contingency response ability.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2009

Arteriosclerosis is a pathologic term that contains hardening of arterial wall, loss of arterial elasticity and stenosis of artery. To diagnose this disease, conventional angiography, MRA, transcranial doppler ultrasonography are commonly used. And it causes various clinical phases by a region of the disease. In oriental medicine, arteriosclerosis is classified into congested fluids(痰飮), blood stasis(瘀血), stagnation of Gi(氣滯) and treated by Herb-Med, acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion, and the like. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oriental medical therapy on cerebral arteriosclerosis. A patient with cerebrovascular disease admitted due to dizziness, mild dysarthria, tinnitus, anxiety disorder and his Brain MRA showed severe arteriosclerosis in right anterior cerebral artery(ACA) and middle cerebral artery(MCA). Every day, we administered to patient Herb Med and Herb pills. Also, acupuncture, moxibustion were done, too. As a result of the treatment, the patient's follow up Brain MRA showed improved state of ACA stenosis.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2018

This study examined whether the difference in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocities can predict the prognosis of stroke and whether the prognostic impact differs among stroke subtypes. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) or acute ischemic stroke patients, who underwent a routine evaluation and transcranial Doppler (TCD), were included in this study. The MCA asymmetry index was calculated using the relative percentage difference in the mean flow velocity (MFV) between the left and right MCA: (|RMCA MFV-LMCA MFV|/mean MCA MFV)${\times}100$. The stroke subtypes were determined using the TOAST classification. Poor functional outcomes were defined as a mRS score ${\geq}3$ at 3 months after the onset of stroke. A total of 988 patients were included, of whom 157 (15.9%) had a poor functional outcome. Multivariable analysis showed that only the MCA asymmetry index was independently associated with a poor functional outcome. ROC curve analysis showed that adding the MCA asymmetry index to the prediction model improved the discrimination of a poor functional outcome from acute ischemic stroke (from 88.6% [95% CI, 85.2~91.9] to 89.2% [95% CI, 85.9~92.5]). The MCA asymmetry index has an independent prognostic value for predicting a poor short-term functional outcome after an acute cerebral infarction. Therefore, TCD may be useful for predicting a poor functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2007

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Hap-Kok(LI4) and Jok-Sam-Lee(ST36) acupuncture on blood flow in In-Young(ST9). Method : Monitoring of TCD was examined in each 25's healthy men and wemen in 20s before and after acupucture on both(right and left) Hap-kok(LI4) and was done on both(right and left) Jok-Sam-Lee(ST36) by different group with same condition. Mean velocity and Pulsatility index analyzed from TCD at both In-Young(ST9). Both group was acupuctured for 15-20 minutes laying at bed. Results : The results showed a significant($p{\le}0.05:$ Paired T-test) decrease in mean velocity and increase in pulsatility index at both group. Conclusion : These results suggest that acupuncture could have a specific effect on blood flow called In-Young acupoint.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.199-214
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to change of blood flow in In-Young(ST9) after treatment on chronic daily headache patients. Methods : Monitoring of TCD was examined in 10' s chronic daily headache patients before and after treatment. Mean velocity flow, systolic velocity and pulsatility index were analyzed from TCD at In-Young(ST9). The patients was laid for 20 minutes before treatment and also for treatment. Results : The results showed a significant(p<0.05: Paired T-test) decrease in mean velocity flow and systolic velocity. but there were no significant differences in pulsatility index. Conclusions : These results suggest that there were significant change on blood flow in In-young of chronic daily headache patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is examining the effects of appling acupressure to acupuncture points (study group) and Interferential current therapy (ICT) to cervical region (control group) on the cerebral blood flow of 20 tension-type headache patients and the reduction of their headaches. For approaching this examination, clinical research was conducted for three weeks those two groups, each contains 10 patients. Methods : We stimulated 7 acupuncture points for headache with the acupressure (for three weeks) and applied ICT to cervical region. Also we measured VAS (visual analogue scale) and the blood flow of the vertebral arteries with TCD (transcranial doppler ultrasonography). Results : (1) When the left and right vertebral artery of study group was compared each time, significant differences were found after the 1st treatment (p<.001). Also the significant differences were found after 2, 3weeks treatment (p<.05). (2) When the Visual Analog Scale of study group were compared periodically, the significant reductions were found after the 1 week treatments (p<.05). Also the significant differences were found after 2, 3 weeks treatments (p<.001). In the case of the control group, the significant reduction were found after the 2 and 3 weeks treatments (p<.001). Conclusions : The acupressure applied to acupuncture points reduced the headache and increased the ratio of cerebral blood flow.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.30-39
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• 2010

1. Objectives This study was carried out to investigate the equilibrium functional difference according to mean velocity of basilar artery with Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods We analyzed the data of 300 adults(194 males, 106 females), who visited oriental hospital of D university for medical examiation, which includes Sasang constitution examination, equilibrium function test, transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD). We evaluated the trace length and envelop area of open eyes and closed eyes, mean velocity of basilar artery and analyzed its statistical data. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) Within all subjects, trace length and envelop area of closed eyes were significantly lower, in the order of increased mean velocity of basilar artery group, normal mean velocity of basilar artery group and decreased mean velocity of basilar artery group. 2) No significantly difference was seen between the mean velocity of basilar artery and equilibrium function in Soyangin and Soeumin. 3) When closed eyes, trace length were significantly lower in order of increased mean velocity of basilar artery group, normal mean velocity of basilar artery group and decreased mean velocity of basilar artery group, in Taeeumin.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of moxibustion on cerebral blood flow, peripheral blood flow and blood pressure. Methods : We designed a randomized, cross-over study that included 20 healthy, male volunteers who were randomly assigned to one of two groups (the moxibustion group or the control group). The initial trial was followed by a washout period of one week before the groups were switched and the trial repeated. The cerebral blood flow and peripheral blood flow of the volunteers in both groups were measured by mean velocity (Vm), peak systolic velocity (Vs), pulsatility index (PI), perfusion units (PU) and mean blood pressure (BP) before the intervention (baseline), 30 minutes after the intervention, and again 60 minutes after the intervention. Results : 1. The Vm increased significantly in the moxibustion group. The Vs also constantly increased in moxibustion group, but there was no significant difference. 2. The PI decreased significantly in the control group at 0-30 minutes and in the moxibustion group at 30-60 minutes. 3. The PU constantly decreased in moxibustion group. In control group, the PU decreased at 30 minutes and increased slightly at 60 minutes. 4. The mean blood pressure did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions : This study shows that moxibustion at CV12 increased the cerebral blood flow. Based on this result, we can suggest that moxibustion at CV12 might be helpful in improving the functional recovery of stroke patients. However, further research needs to be conducted on a larger numbers of subjects in order to confirm these effects.