• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1743-1748
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• 2003

The effect of pH on the fermentation characteristics and the formation of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans-11 octadecenoic acid by mixed ruminal bacteria was examined in vitro when incubated with linseed or rapeseed. Concentrate (1%, w/v) with ground linseed (0.6%, w/v) or rapeseed (0.5%, w/v) was added to 600 ml mixed solution of strained rumen fluid with artificial saliva (1:1, v/v), and was incubated anaerobically for 12 h at $39^{\circ}C$. The pH of culture solution was maintained at level close to 4.5, 5.3, 6.1 and 6.9 with 30% $H_2SO_4$ or 30% NaOH solution. pH increment resulted in increases of ammonia and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in culture solutions containing both oilseeds. Fermentation did not proceeded at pH 4.5. Molar proportion of acetate decreased but that of propionate increased as pH increased when incubated with oilseeds. While the hydrogenating process was very slow at the pH range of 4.5 to 5.3, rapid hydrogenation was found from the culture solutions of pH 6.1 and 6.9 when incubated with linseed or rapeseed. As pH in culture solution of linseed or rapeseed increases proportions of oleic acid (cis-9 $C_{18:1}$) and trans-11 octadecenoic acid increased but those of linoleic acid and linolenic acid decreased. The CLA proportion increased with pH in culture solution containing rapeseed but CLA was mostly not detected from the incubation of linseed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.699-704
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• 2006

Twenty-four cannulated Small-tailed Han${\times}$Poll Dorset wethers (BW $47.5{\pm}2.1kg$) were used to determine the effects of forage to concentrate ratio (40:60 vs. 70:30), monensin supplementation (0, 15 or 30 ppm, DM basis) and interactions of these two factors on cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) and trans-11 octadecenoic acid (trans11-$C_{18:1}$) concentrations in ruminal contents and plasma in sheep. The experiment was designed as a $2{\times}3$ factorial. The diet contained Chinese wild rye grass hay (Aneurolepidium Chinese), cracked corn, soybean meal, NaCl, limestone and trace mineral premix. Dietary crude fat and linoleic acid ($C_{18:2n-6}$) were adjusted with soybean oil to about 7.0% and 24.0 mg/g (DM basis), respectively. High forage diets increased (p<0.001) the concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in ruminal contents and plasma. Monensin supplementation increased (p<0.001) the concentration of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ in ruminal contents, but had no effect on that of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. Concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ (p<0.019) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA (p<0.022) in plasma increased with dietary monensin levels. Interactions of forage: concentrate ratio and monensin level tended to affect the concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ (p<0.091) and $C_{18:2n-6}$ (p<0.083) in ruminal contents. Increasing forage levels increased the concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in the rumen. Supplementing with monensin increased the ruminal production of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in plasma.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.219-222
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• 1985

한국산 가정용 마아가린을 1983년과 1984년 및 대만산을 각기 11종, 19종과 4종을 시정에서 구입하여 GLC로 분석하였다. 1983년 제품은 trans-octadenoic arid가 $6.2{\sim}35.5%$(평균 18%)이었고 t,t-octadecadienoic acid는 없었다. 트란스-지방산은 linoleic acid함량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 1984년도의 마아가린은 1983년 제품에 비하여 트란스지방산 함량이 감소하는 대신에 linoleic acid는 증가하였다. P/S ratio는 1984년도의 연질형(軟質型)에서 증가를 나타냈다. 한국산 마아가린은 일본산 마아가린보다 linoleic acid함량이 다소 작게 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1604-1609
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• 2003

A metabolism trial with four ruminally fistulated sheep was conducted in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to examine the effect of concentrate to roughage ratio (70:30 vs. 85:15) and oil source (soybean oil vs. rapeseed oil) on the ruminal fermentation pattern and $C_{18}$-fatty acids composition including trans11-$C_{18:1}$ (trans11-ODA) and cis9, trans11-18:2 (cis9, trans11-CLA) in the rumen fluid and plasma. Oil was added to the concentrate at 5% level of the total diet (DM basis) and chopped rye grass hay was fed as roughage. An increased level of concentrate (85%) within supplemented oil slightly lowered pH but increased ammonia concentration. Supplementation of rapeseed oil relatively increased pH and ammonia concentration. Higher concentrate level resulted in increased tendencies of total VFA concentration while oil source did not affect the total VFA concentration and VFA proportion. Whole tract digestibilities of DM, CP, EE, NDF and OM in diets slightly increased at higher concentrate level. Proportions of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) in the rumen fluid were influenced by the fatty acid composition of oil source but oil source did not affect the in vitro formations of trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA. Slightly increased trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA proportions, however, were observed from the sheep fed high roughage diet supplemented with both soybean oil and rapeseed oil. The $C_{18:1}$ and $C_{18:2}$ composition in supplemented oils responded to those in plasma of sheep. Effects of concentrate to roughage ratio and oil source on trans11-ODA and cis9, trans11-CLA proportions in plasma were found to be small. Proportion of cis9, trans11-CLA in plasma tended to be increased from the sheep fed high roughage diet and collection time at 9h post feeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.679-683
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• 2006

A feeding trial was conducted with 10 sheep for 12 weeks to examine the effect of soybean oil (SBO) supplementation on long-chain fatty acids composition, especially cis9,trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) in fat tissues. Sheep were fed either a SBO supplemented diet (5%, DM basis) or a control diet without SBO. Chopped rye grass hay was fed as roughage. Concomitant increases in contents of total cholesterol (T-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the plasma of sheep were observed from the SBO supplementation. The supplementation of SBO reduced (p<0.05) the proportions of $C_{16:1}$, $C_{17:0}$ and $C_{17:1}$ but increased (p<0.05) the proportions of $C_{18:0}$ and octadecenoic acid (t11-$C_{18:1}$) in the intramuscular fat. The $C_{18:0}$ proportion only in the subcutaneous fat was increased (p<0.05) by the SBO supplementation. The SBO supplementation slightly increased CLA proportion in the intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1115-1120
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• 2002

The effects of seed-associated or free linseed oil on fermentation characteristics and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids composition, especially the formation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and octadecenoic acid (trans-11 $C_{18:1}$, $t-C_{18:1}$) by mixed ruminal bacteria were examined in vitro. Concentrate (1% of culture solution, w/v, as-fed basis) with ground linseed (0.6% of culture solution, w/v, DM basis) or linseed oil as absorbed onto ground alfalfa hay was added to 600 ml mixed solution consisting of strained rumen fluid and artificial saliva at the ratio of 1:1 in a glass culture jar. The culture jar was covered with a glass lid with stirrer, and placed into a water-bath ($39^{\circ}C$) and incubated anaerobically up to 24 h. Seed-associated or free linseed oil did not significantly affect the pH and ammonia concentration in the culture solution. Molar percent of acetate tended to increase while that of propionate decreased with the addition of free oil treatment throughout the incubation. Differences in bacterial number were relatively small, regardless of the form of supplements. Decreasing trends in the compositions of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) and linolenic acid ($C_{18:3}$) but increasing trends of stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$), $t-C_{18:1}$ and CLA compositions were found from culture contents up to 12h incubation when incubated with both ground linseed and linseed oil. The compositions of $C_{18:0}$, $C_{18:2}$ and $C_{18:3}$ were greater but those of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$), $t-C_{18:1}$ and CLA were smaller in a culture solution containing ground linseed than those containing linseed oil. The ratio of $t-C_{18:1}$ to CLA was lower in the culture solutions containing linseed oil up to 12h incubations as compared to those containing ground linseed.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권3호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2011

낙엽송(Larix kaempferi)의 종자에 대한 수요는 증가하고 있으나 채종원에서의 종자생산량은 저조한 실정이다. 종자생산량을 증가시키기 위하여 42년생의 낙엽송 채종목에 환상박피처리를 한 결과 처리목에서 착과량과 착과목 비율이 무처리목에 비해 매우 높게 나타나 환상박피의 처리효과가 명확하였다. 환상박피처리에 의한 낙엽송 채종목의 대사물질 변화를 무처리간 비교분석하기위하여 GC/MS를 이용하여 주관부위의 흉고높이에서 체관부를 포함한 형성층조직 내의 대사물질을 분석하였다. 환상박피 처리목에서 14종의 극성 및 비극성 물질의 함량이 무처리목에 비해 유의적으로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 환상박피 처리에 의해 인산, sucrose, pimaric acid와 미지 물질 2종의 함량이 무처리목에 비해 상대적으로 증가하였고, malic acid, inositol, 2종의 2당류, 11-trans-Octadecenoic acid 및 4종의 미지 물질 함량은 상대적으로 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 환상박피 처리 목은 무처리목에 비해 유의적으로 높은 전질소 함량을 나타냈다. 이러한 연구결과는 환상박피 처리에 의한 대사물질의 변화에 대한 정보를 제공하고 나아가 낙엽송 종자 생산 증진을 위한 연구에 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2022

배경: 야생 망초에는 다양한 물질들이 존재하는 것으로 일부가 보고되었으나 전체적인 성분분석은 아직 미흡하다고 생각한다. 목적: 본 연구에서는 야생 망초에서 항산화 물질 및 다양한 영양성분에 대하여 추출조건을 설정하고 검색하는 것이 목적이었다. 방법: 망초 추출물을 다양하게 추출하여 다양한 분석기기를 활용하여 성분분석의 조건을 제시하고 분석하였다. 결과: 망초 추출물의 일반영양성분에서는 탄수화물이 46.4%, 조단백질 26.5%, 수분 16.3%, 조회분 9.5%, 조지방 1.2% 순이었다. 식용섬유 함량은 30.76%이었다. 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose가 분리되었고, fructose의 함량이 4,144.2 mg/100 g으로 높았다. 무기성분 분석에서는 K가 64.87 mg/g, P가 4.09 mg/g, Mg이 1.77 mg/g, Na이 나트륨이 0.16 mg/g이 확인되었다. 지방산은 모두 20종이 확인되었으며, 불포화지방산은 octadecenoic acid, octadecadienoic acid, linolenic acid 가 함유하였고, linolenic acid가 54.1%로 높았다. 포화지방산 함량은 0.39 g/100g 이었고, 트랜스지방산 함량은 0.01 g/100g이었다. 망초에서는 콜레스테롤은 확인하지 못하였다. riboflavin이 0.4 mg/100g, 필수 아미노산 6종과 24종의 아미노산을 확인하였다. 결론: 망초 추출물에는 다양한 영양성분과 기능성 성분이 존재하여 이를 이용한 자연치유적 활용성이 기대 된다.