• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.654-665
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of music therapy on the preoperative anxiety of surgerial patients. The research design was a nonequivalent control, group non-synch-ronized design. The data were collected during the period from January 4 to March 17, 1999 at C-University hospital in Seoul. The subjects were sixty patients who had surgery under general anesthesia and had undergone laparotomy. They were assigned to two groups, thirty to the experimental group and thirty to the control group. They also did not have any complication, were alert enough to be interviewed and agreed willingly to participate in this study. The tool of Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure trait-anxiety on all patients and the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure state-anxiety on all patients. And systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and blood sugar levels were collected a the day before surgery and the preoperative period. The experimental group received music therapy with self-selected music tapes after choosing from a Music Preference Questionnaire, while the control group didn't receive music therapy. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The preoperative state anxiety of the experimental group was re-markably lower than that of the control group. 2. Decreasing rate in the vital signs of the experimental group was remarkably lower than that of the control group. 3. The preoperative blood sugar of the experimental group was remarkably lower than that of the control group. According to these results, Music Therapy can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention that relieves preoperative anxiety of surgical patients and helper stabilize vital signs. From this study, the following recommendations can be made: 1. In order to decrease surgical patient's preoperative anxiety, I suggest the nursing intervention should go side by side with music therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4053-4056
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• 2013

Background: Colposcopy is the gold standard procedure for evaluating cervical cytological abnormalities. Although it is essentially a minimally invasive intervention, referral for colposcopy may cause significant distress on patients. In this study, we aimed to determine if pre-procedural anxiety levels have a significant association with procedure related pain and discomfort in women undergoing colposcopy for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology. We also assessed the impact of various clinical factors on anxiety, pain and discomfort in these patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed at the gynecologic oncology department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkey between January and June 2013. After taking informed consent, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form and a 14-item questionnaire were filled for women who were admitted to our outpatient colposcopy unit for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology. STAI scores were calculated for each participant. Immediately after the procedure, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for procedure-related pain and discomfort were obtained. Associations between STAI and VAS scores were investigated using correlation analyses. The effect of various contributing factors on anxiety, pain and discomfort were evaluated with linear regression analysis. The p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 222 women met the inclusion criteria within the study period. Mean patient age was $38.5{\pm}9.6$. Median state and trait anxiety scores were 47 and 46, respectively. Median VAS scores for pain and discomfort were 4 for both variables. State anxiety had a significant correlation with procedure related discomfort (p=0.02). Colposcopy related pain VAS scores were significantly affected by state anxiety level, marital status and prior gynecological examination (p<0.05). Colposcopy related discomfort VAS scores were significantly affected by state anxiety level, marital status, prior gynecological examination and educational status. Conclusions: Additional measures should be implemented in women that carry higher risk for experiencing pain and discomfort. Social, cultural and lifestyle issues may also affect women's experiences during colposcopy, therefore further studies are needed to define specific determining factors in various populations.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the association between the children's psychopathology and age, intellectual quotient, and parental psychopathology in children with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: The emotional and behavioral problems of 35 children with PTSD (23 boys, 12 girls, mean age, $10.26{\pm}2.47$ years) were investigated by retrospective chart review. Their parents' anxiety and depression symptoms were also investigated. We examined the correlations between children's psychopathology and their parents' anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as their age and IQ. Results: There were positive correlations between maternal trait anxiety and depression, and children's emotional problems. State and trait anxiety of children with PTSD were positively correlated with age, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were negatively correlated with age. Conclusion: Our results suggest that psychiatric manifestation of children who experienced trauma could differ according to the development stage, and the treatment of children with PTSD should involve parental education about the effect of maternal emotional states on children.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2019

Objective : Dynamic proteolysis, through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, is an important molecular mechanism for the constant regulation of synaptic plasticity and stress responses in humans. In this study, we examined whether genetic variants in the ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP) genes were associated with psychological traits of resilience and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders for each gender. Methods : A total of 344 Korean healthy youths (190 males, 154 females) were included in the study. A genotyping of rs2241646 of USP2 and rs346006 of USP46 was performed. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale were administered for measuring trait resilience and social anxiety, respectively. The genetic associations of the USP variants were tested using multiple analyses of covariance with psychological traits as dependent variables after controlling for age in each gender. Results : For USP2 rs2241646, women with the TT genotype showed significantly higher resilience and lower social anxiety, as compared to those carrying the C allele. There were no associations between USP46 rs346005 and the psychological traits in both genders. Conclusions : The present study showed a possible genetic association between the USP2 rs2241646 and stress resilience and trait anxiety in women. The findings suggest that ubiquitin-proteasome system may be related to the resilience and susceptibility to stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorders, possibly through the regulation of dynamic proteolysis responses to stress.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2010

Objective : This study compared the psychological stresses of depressed patients' families with those of schizophrenic patients' families. We investigated the influence of depressive patients' clinical features and their families' demographic characteristics on the families' depressive symptoms and stresses. Methods : Participants were 23 family members of depressed patients and 20 family members of schizophrenic patients. We measured the patients' clinical features (duration of illness, number of previous hospitalizations, and satisfaction with medication), and each family member's socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics (depressive mood, anxiety, family stress, and stress response), analyzing the data via independent t-test, chi-square test, and correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results : The depressed patients' average clinical global impression (CGI) was significantly higher than that of the schizophrenic patients. The depressed patients' family members showed stress responses significantly higher than those of schizophrenic patients' family members. Furthermore, in depressed patients, frequency of hospitalization was positively correlated with family members' stat anxiety. For both patient types, family stress was positively correlated with the patient's severity of illness and the family's state anxiety, trait anxiety, and stress response ; socioeconomic status was positively correlated with the family's depressive symptoms ; the family's state anxiety positively correlated with the family's trait anxiety and stress response ; and the family's trait anxiety positively correlated with the family's stress response. Socioeconomic status predicted the family's depressive symptoms, and socioeconomic, illness severity and stress response predicted family stress. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both depressed patients' families and schizophrenic patients' families suffer from psychological stress. The study data also have important clinical implications, in that families of depressed patients need psychiatric intervention, as well as the patients themselves. In particular, family intervention should focus on psycho-education and stress coping strategies.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.439-446
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation between the pain, depression, dental anxiety in the patients visiting to dental clinic for the ultrasonic scaling treatment. Methods : The study is a cross-sectional correlation study. A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 254 patients having no history of mental illness in Seoul and Gyeonggido from December 12 to 20, 2013. The study instruments included modified Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), STAI items by Spilberger, Humphis' Modified Dental Anxiety Survey(MDAS), and Visual Analogue Scale. Results : There existed correlation between the ultrasonic scaling pain, depression, dental anxiety, trait anxiety, and state anxiety. Dental anxiety was the most influencing factors on the pain. Conclusions : It is very important to reduce the anxiety in the patients more actively.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 2009

In this article, we review research on how normal personality traits and personality disorder traits may relate to anxiety disorders ; as predisposing factors, 2) as complications, 3) as pathoplastic factors, and 4) as manifestations of common underlying etiologies. Based on current literatures, we draw a conclusion as follows : 1) Normal personality traits such as high neuroticism and low extraversion and personality disorder traits, especially cluster C traits, are at least risk factors for certain anxiety disorders ; 2) Anxiety disorders in early life might influence a later development of personality disorder ; 3) Personality disorder traits may have negative influence on the outcome of anxiety disorders ; 4) Personality and anxiety disorders may be manifestations of common genetic and environmental etiologies.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2011

Objectives: Seven Emotions consist of Joy(喜), Anger(怒), Anxiety(憂), Thought(思), Sorrow(悲), Fear(恐), Fright(驚). If Seven Emotions are excessive, their extreme mental stimulations cause physical illness. The aim of the research is to make a proposal on the concept of Seven Emotions by a statistical comparison between guibi-tang questionnaire and health related questionnaires. Methods: We studied the similarities among three factors of guibi-tang questionnaire and three health related questionnaires(subjective symptoms of fatigue test, beck depression inventory, state-trait anxiety inventory, etc.) using multidimensional scaling. Results and Conclusions: 1. Physical-Emotion Dimension and Chronic-Acute Dimension were labelled in two-dimensional solution. 2. Seven Emotions and Fatigue have a high correlation. 3. Seven Emotions and Trait-Anxiety have a high correlation.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.317-327
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• 2022

Objectives: To examine clinical effects of Korean medical treatment on depressive disorder. Methods: Medical records of 102 patients diagnosed with depressive disorder who were treated with Korean medical treatment (herbal-medication, acupuncture, Korean psychotherapy) for at least 12 weeks and measured psychological scales (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)) every 4 weeks were analyzed. Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, BDI-II, STAI-X-1/2, BAI, and STAXI-S/T all decreased statistically significantly. STAI-X-1 and BAI were significantly decreased throughout the treatment interval (comparisons every 4 weeks). The other four scales decreased significantly from 0 to 4 weeks and from 8 to 12 weeks. Conclusions: Treatment for depressive disorder with Korean Medicine was effective not only in improving overall symptoms of depressed patients, but also in improving accompanying anxiety, anger, and physical symptoms. In addition, since all scores were gradually decreased, continuous treatment would be important.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.215-222
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the awareness of temporomandibular disorders in high school students and to provide basic data for the development of easy-to-access program to help the management of temporomandibular disorders. For data collection, convenience sampling was performed among academic high school students in Daejeon and North Jeolla Province to complete a self-administered questionnaire from December 1 to 30, 2019. The statistical analysis was conducted by t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted. Oral parafunctional habits were positively correlated with trait anxiety and both of them were positively correlated with the perceived symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. The most influential factors on the awareness symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in high school students were oral parafunctional habits, health habits, and trait anxiety. It is necessary to make positive communication and intervention, which meets high school age, in coping well with anxiety and managing oral parafunctional habits and apply an oral health promotion program that involves socio-psychological efforts to prevent them.