• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.627-634
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify registered nurses learning needs about physical assessment. Specifically, what are the perceived competency, frequency of skill use and the unmet training needs. Methods: The study was an exploratory survey study. The sample was 104 registered nurses. Data were collected through three instruments: The Perceived Competency in Physical Assessment Scale, the Frequency of Physical Assessment Scale, and the Training Needs of Physical Assessment Scale which incorporated 30 core Physical Assessment skills. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Results: Auscultation of heart and lung sounds and inspection of the spine were rated by the subjects as physical assessment skills they feel least competent and also were less frequently performed. The most competent area for physical assessment was neurological system. The respiratory and abdominal system was identified as two systems that more education would be needed. Nurses with less than one year of working experience reported needing more training. Nurses with more than five years of clinical work experience performed physical assessment more frequently than nurses with less than five year of work experience. The perceived competency was positively related to the frequency of physical assessment. Conclusion: Continuing education is necessary to further train registered nurses regarding physical assessment skills and the program needs to be focused on the area which nurses are less competent for and have high training need.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of Simulation-Based Training on anxiety, depression and self-efficacy in nursing students. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design (one group pre-test and post-test design) and a questionnaire for measuring anxiety, depression and self-efficacy were used in this study. The participants were 97 students of a nursing college. Data were collected before the program and immediately after the program. Means, SD, paired t-test, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ with the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in anxiety (p=.012) and a statistically significant increase in self-efficacy (p=.048), but not in depression (p=.439) among the nursing students who underwent Simulation-Based Training. Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it was demonstrated that Simulation-Based Training interventions had effects on anxiety and self-efficacy. Therefore, future and/or repeat studies will actively apply Simulation-Based Training interventions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4028-4042
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• 2021

Aiming at the problem of software defect prediction difficulty caused by insufficient software defect marker samples and unbalanced classification, a semi-supervised software defect prediction model based on a tri-training algorithm was proposed by combining feature normalization, over-sampling technology, and a Tri-training algorithm. First, the feature normalization method is used to smooth the feature data to eliminate the influence of too large or too small feature values on the model's classification performance. Secondly, the oversampling method is used to expand and sample the data, which solves the unbalanced classification of labelled samples. Finally, the Tri-training algorithm performs machine learning on the training samples and establishes a defect prediction model. The novelty of this model is that it can effectively combine feature normalization, oversampling techniques, and the Tri-training algorithm to solve both the under-labelled sample and class imbalance problems. Simulation experiments using the NASA software defect prediction dataset show that the proposed method outperforms four existing supervised and semi-supervised learning in terms of Precision, Recall, and F-Measure values.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.273-281
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• 2022

The purpose of this research is to look into the effects of organizational culture and training and development on work discipline and performance. The data for this study was directly obtained from employees of a municipal water corporation in Medan, Indonesia, with a total of 204 participants. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied for data analysis. The results showed that organizational culture and training and development positively and significantly affect performance. However, organizational culture and training & development positively affect employees' work discipline, albeit insignificantly. The findings of this study suggest that organizational culture and training and development play a critical role in shaping work discipline and performance in organizations in Indonesian settings. Therefore, the finding of this research engage all leaders in the organization to conduct training and development more intensively. Although it seems to have costly, this will have a good impact on the organization in the long run. Furthermore, the authors also suggest the creation of a solid organizational culture for every organization to foster excellent performance. However, each organization should choose its own acceptable organizational culture because it is possible that the organizational culture that works in one context does not work in another.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

[Purpose] The goal of this study was to review data on physical activity level (PAL), a crucial index for determining estimated energy requirement (EER), calculated as total energy expenditure (TEE, assessed with doubly labeled water [DLW]) divided by resting metabolic rate (RMR, PAL = TEE/RMR) in female athletes and to understand the methods of assessing athletes' EERs in the field. [Methods] For the PAL data review among female athletes, we conducted a PubMed search of the available literature related to the DLW method. DLW studies measuring TEE and RMR were included for the present review. [Results] Briefly, the mean PAL was 1.71 for collegiate swimmers with moderate training, which was relatively low, but the mean PAL was 3.0 for elite swimmers during summer training camp. This shows that PAL can largely vary even within the same sport depending on the amount of training, and the differences in PAL were remarkable depending on the sport. Aside from the DLW method, there is currently no research tool related to athletes' EERs that can be used in the field. [Conclusion] Briefly, the mean PAL was 1.71 for collegiate swimmers with moderate training, which was relatively low, but the mean PAL was 3.0 for elite swimmers during summer training camp. This shows that PAL can largely vary even within the same sport depending on the amount of training, and the differences in PAL were remarkable depending on the sport. Aside from the DLW method, there is currently no research tool related to athletes' EERs that can be used in the field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.407-415
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study is to examine the effects of different types of tasks on gait functions of chronic stroke patients when different types of dual tasks were applied while the patients were implementing practical and continuous circuit tasks using their upper and lower extremities circulating many workbenches. METHODS: Forty-four chronic stroke patients were divided into a dual motor circuit task training group, a dual cognitive circuit task training group and a simple task training group. Before training, all the patients were identically encouraged to receive conservative physical therapy for 30 minutes by a physical therapist were thereafter made to train for 30 minutes, five times a week for a total of eight weeks with individual additional tasks. The dual motor circuit task training consisted of continuous circuit training motor tasks and additional motor tasks and the dual cognitive circuit task training consisted of tasks combining the same circuit training motor tasks and additional cognitive tasks. The simple task training consisted of natural walks on a flat terrain to the front, rear and lateral sides of the terrain. Changes in functional gait abilities made through the training were evaluated using GAITRite. SPSS Win 12.0 was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: As for the gait variables that showed significant differences in comparison between the groups over the training period, the dual motor circuit task training group showed more significant differences than the dual cognitive circuit task training group and the simple task training group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks of training(p<.05). CONCLUSION: Therefore, it could be seen that the practical and continuous dual circuit task training was more effective than simple task training on gait. In comparison between the types of dual tasks, the dual motor circuit task training group showed more effects than the dual cognitive circuit task training group.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1417-1424
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• 2014

This study is supposed to offer data related to whether circulation training(aerobic and anaerobic exercise) focused on overweight women has positive effects on reducing fat and increasing muscles for middle-aged women. This study aims to investigate how the circulation training effect overweight middle-aged women's female hormone, blood lipid, which offers basic data of exercise program to keep the overweight middle-aged women healthy. Participants for the study are 30 to 45-year-women who were willing to take part in a M Sports Diet Program in G gu, B metropolitan city, did not have any disease. They were 29 overweight women and showed more than 30% of body fat percentage. Female hormone, blood lipid were measured twice before and in 12 weeks after exercise. The results obtained from this study are given as in the following. Although estrogen has significantly increased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. After 12-weeks-circulation training, even though there were no meaningful differences. before the training, the circulation training group was significantly higher than the control group. Although TC has significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group. Even though TG was no significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no significantly difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group. Even though HDL-C has significantly increased after the circulation training, there was no meaningful difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly higher than the control group. Even though LDL-C has significantly decreased after the circulation training, there was no significantly difference from the control group. the circulation training group was significantly lower than the control group.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2020

Prototype selection offers the advantage of ensuring low learning time and storage space by selecting the minimum data representative of in-class partitions from the training data. This paper designs a new training data generation method using hyper-rectangles that can be applied to general classification algorithms. Hyper-rectangular regions do not contain different class data and divide the same class space. The median value of the data within a hyper-rectangle is selected as a prototype to form new training data, and the size of the hyper-rectangle is adjusted to reflect the data distribution in the class area. A set cover optimization algorithm is proposed to select the minimum prototype set that represents the whole training data. The proposed method reduces the time complexity that requires the polynomial time of the set cover optimization algorithm by using the greedy algorithm and the distance equation without multiplication. In experimented comparison with hyper-sphere prototype selections, the proposed method is superior in terms of prototype rate and generalization performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 2021

The mission of the reserve forces unit is to prepare good training for reserve forces during peacetime. For good training, units require proper organization support agents, but they have difficulties due to a lack of unit members. For that reason, the units forecast the monthly attendance rate of reserve forces (using the x-1 year's result) to organize support agents and unit schedule. On the other hand, the existing planning method can have more errors compared to the actual result of the attendance rate. This problem has a negative effect on the training performance. Therefore, it requires more accurate forecast models to reduce attendance rate errors. This paper proposes an attendance rate forecast model using data mining. To verify the proposed data mining based model, the existing planning method was compared with the proposed model using real data. The results showed that the proposed model outperforms the existing planning method.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3D
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• pp.349-352
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• 2006

To cope with traffic congestion, traffic accidents and lack of parking facilities, caused by dramatic increase in total vehicle number, vigorous researches on managing vehicles efficiently are done, both domestically and internationally. The vehicle license plate recognition makes effective management of traffic possible, with its wide application in many fields, covering from speed enforcement, collecting toll, stolen vehicle detection to parking management. The vehicle license plate recognition system causes high cost for collecting training data. Many researches are done by using the virtual sample method, which can be effective for utilizing limited number of training data by generating virtual sample. This paper investigates techniques to improve the performance of vehicle license plate recognition by using the training data's annexation. Also, popular methods for virtual sample creation used for text recognition algorithm are analyzed and their effectiveness is verified.