• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.2589-2609
• /
• 2021

Segment routing (SR) is a highly implementable approach for traffic engineering (TE) with high flexibility, high scalability, and high stability, which can be established upon existing network infrastructure. Thus, when a network failure occurs, it can leverage the existing rerouting methods, such as rerouting based on Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) and fast rerouting with loop-free alternates. To better exploit these features, we propose a high-performance and easy-to-deploy method SRUF (Segment Routing under Uncertain Failures). The method is inspired by the Value-at-Risk (VaR) theory in finance. Just as each investment risk is considered in financial investment, SRUF also considers each traffic distribution scheme's risk when forwarding traffic to achieve optimal traffic distribution. Specifically, SRUF takes into account that every link may fail and therefore has inherent robustness and high availability. Also, SRUF considers that a single link failure is a low-probability event; hence it can achieve high performance. We perform experiments on real topologies to validate the flexibility, high-availability, and load balancing of SRUF. The results show that when given an availability requirement, SRUF has greater load balancing performance under uncertain failures and that when given a demand requirement, SRUF can achieve higher availability.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.195-203
• /
• 2009

This research wished to risk type and examine closely driver special quality and relation of traffic accidents by occurrence type of traffic accidents and traffic accidents seriousness examine closely relation with Severity. Fractionate traffic accidents type by eight, and driver's special quality for risk group's classification did to distinction of sex, vehicle type, age etc. analyzed relation with injury degree adding belt used putting on availability for security the objectivity with wave. Used log-Linear model and Logit model for analysis of category data. A head-on collision and overtaking accident, right-turn accident are high injury or death accident and possibility to associate in relation with accident type and seriousness degree. In risk group analysis The age less than 20 years in motor-cycle driver, taxi driver in 41 years to 50 years old are very dangerous. The woman also was construed to the more risk group than man from when related to car, mini-bus, goods vehicle etc. Therefore, traffic safety education and Enforcement for risk group that way that can reduce accident that produce to reduce a loss of lives at traffic accidents appearance a head-on collision and overtaking accidents, right-turn accidents should be studied and as traffic accidents weakness class may have to be solidified.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to select a cluster of night traffic accidents using CRP (Continuous Risk Profile) analysis. the other purpose of this study is to present the characteristics of the traffic accident cluster section selected at night using CRP analysis. The CRP analysis was performed considering traffic volume of target routes through traffic accident data. In addition, variables were set according to the freeway sections. the method of subtracting the daytime CRP from the nighttime CRP was used to analyze the nighttime traffic accident. As a result, Using the CRP analysis, the sections of hotspot were identified and plotted based on traffic accidents. Also, the sections where traffic accidents are frequent were those where IC or Tunnels were installed, and there was a deviation from the general section. In conclusion, CRP analysis could be used to calculate the frequent section of specialized traffic accidents at night, and it was selected as a point in need of improvement due to the frequent occurrence of specialized traffic accidents at night in the section where IC or tunnel facilities are installed. In addition, it is inferred that the number of specialized traffic accidents at night in the section where IC or tunnel facilities are installed is a factor in the problem of night visibility due to lighting facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2013

There is a need to provide appropriate transportation safety services to foreigners residing in Korea. The main purpose of this study is to enhance transportation safety services for foreigners. In order to identify the risk of traffic accidents, analysis of traffic accidents was conducted using a survey of foreigner travel behavior. According to the results of this model, the study suggests directions to achieve improvement of traffic safety services for foreigners who are unfamiliar with the transportation systems. The study results show that the risk of traffic accidents is influenced by two factors: comprehension of transport geography and of traffic laws. Necessity of policy is influenced by two factors: comprehension of transportation system and the risk of traffic accidents. Intention of using policy is influenced by two factors: the risk of traffic accidents and necessity of policy. Effect of policy is affected by the intention of using policy. The results also demonstrate that the traffic safety services for foreigner can be described as endogenous variables which are approximately 88% of the traffic safety education, 85% of the demanded multicultural district, and 75% of the portal traffic information. Compared with existing research, this study provides a systematic methodology to evaluate effects and the order of priority in establishing traffic safety policies for foreigners.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.696-705
• /
• 2015

Approximately 4,000 vessels including sea trial ships per day are passing, entering or departing from Korea coastal waterway. Sea trial ships have erratic navigating patterns such as quick turning, crash stop and do not communicate with other vessels in appropriate time, so sea trial ships are often to expose dangerous situation such as collision in heavy traffic area. To identify the sea trial vessel's risk factors, this paper surveyed marine traffic volumes for 7 days in Korea harbour & coastal waterway, and it analyzed marine accident rate and intended to identify the risk degree of passing vessels. After that, this researched how many sea trial ship's traffic and what is the sea trial risk among sea trial items. We also conducted survey questionnaire and identified risk factors of sea trial ship. So this paper aimed to enhance the safety of korea coastal waterway to prevent sea trial ship's marine accident.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2011.06a
• /
• pp.234-236
• /
• 2011

Saigon Port within the port system of the Vietnam Maritime sector is one of the port having highest throughput and productivity in the country. The marine traffic of Saigon water ways is the heaviest in Vietnam and the number of marine accidents in this area are much higher than the others area in Vietnam. In order to reduce the risk of the accident in Saigon fairway, this paper concentrates on marine accident frequency in this area. The marine traffic and the marine accident were analyzed to find out the probability of vessel collision and the marine traffic risk. It follows that the main shipping route through Saigon fairway has the high risk of ship-ship collision.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.375-381
• /
• 2013

To assess the risk of marine traffic environments, with high confidential level, the risk factors comprising it should be identified and the risk acceptance criteria should be also provided. Furthermore, the relative importance of each risk factor(the weight of each risk factor on total risk) should be analyzed because the risk is expressed as the sum of risk factors comprising it. The twenty kinds of risk factors and its assessment criteria were suggested for the domestic marine traffic environments by an examination of the existing risk assessment models on the previous studies. The relative importance of each risk factor was also analyzed through the questionnaire using analytic hierarchy process by the marine traffic experts on the same studies. Based on these previous studies, the risk was evaluated at the port of Mokpo and its approaches on this study. The port of Mokpo and its approaches were divided into four sectors for the comparative evaluation, the result of the comparative evaluation on four sectors showed that the risk of the Jeongdeung-hae passage is the highest due to higher risk level of some risk factors(water movements, complexities, tug boats, pilotage, VTS) than the other sectors. The result of this evaluation is in accord with the analysis results of the other studies using various qualitative or quantitative risk analysis methods at the same sea areas.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2018.06a
• /
• pp.34-34
• /
• 2018

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.74-82
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to test the impacts of distractions caused by smartphones on pedestrians whilst walking alongside or across vehicular traffic in a high-density urban zone in South Korea. Through this study, we propose objective evidence for a link between the risk of traffic accidents and distractions from smartphones for pedestrians because of less likely notice activities surrounding road along their walking. This means that smartphones usage may cause inattentional blindness even during a simple activity that should require few cognitive resources. We conducted an experiment comparing pedestrian behavioral patterns of walking with smartphone distractions (such as listening to music with earphones or sending text messages) and normal walking without any distractions. In the experiment, participants walked along a pedestrian path prescribed by researchers and were observed at 8 points which were as follows: two observation points through which participants were instructed to listen to music whilst walking, two points where participants were instructed to send text messages, and four points through which participants were instructed not to use a smartphone at all. According to pedestrian behavior analysis, there is a trend for attention to be distributed amongst whatever other activities pedestrians are doing whilst walking. Therefore, this study proposes that pedestrians walking with such distractions are at a higher risk of traffic accidents compared to those who walk without such distractions. Thus, we advise for the South Korean government to consider ways to traffic policy that will enhance traffic safety for pedestrians.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.32 no.7
• /
• pp.521-527
• /
• 2008

The Istanbul Strait is one of the important waterways in the world. And its southern entrance has a highly congested local traffic. Till now there are several studies regarding how the Istanbul Strait is dangerous to navigate and how those dangers can be mitigated. But there is no study regarding local traffic which is posing great collision risk. In a certain traffic area, marine traffic safety assessment parameters are traffic volume, frequency of collision avoidance maneuver, traffic density, traffic flow and potential encounter, In this paper local traffic volume, traffic flow and potential encounter number of local traffic vessels and possibility of collision are investigated in order to find degree of danger at the southern entrance of the Istanbul Strait. Finally by utilizing those, risky areas are determined for southern entrance of the Istanbul Strait. Results have been compared to a previous study regarding risk analysis at congested areas of the Istanbul Strait (Aydogdu, 2006) and consistency of the results were presented.