• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2020

Background and objective: Traditional farming is winning recognition as a sustainable alternative farming method. As urban farming increases in South Korea, it is crucial to develop more sustainable farming techniques. Gyeonjongbeop is the traditional farming method introduced in the Joseon period. This study was conducted to propose a productive garden model suitable for urban farming through the interpretation of traditional farming methods contained in Imwongyeongjeji Bolliji and to test the model on an actual field. Methods: Using the design and cropping system of Gyeonjongbeop as the research materials, we reviewed its tillage and cultivation and examined the applicability. We proposed a modified method by extracting parts applicable to urban farming. According to the methods, we created a garden with ridges and furrows, cultivated proper vegetables, and evaluated their growth. Results: Raphanus sativus, Allium fistulosum L., Brassica juncea, and Spinacia oleracea grown on ridges showed higher growth than those grown on a conventional flat field. The growth of Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon and Triticum aestivum L. on furrows was also slightly higher. This proved that the method could make up for the deficiencies of barley and wheat that are weak against winds and cold and are easily destroyed by the spring rains. Conclusion: Ridge and furrow cultivation derived from Gyeonjongbeop can be an efficient urban farming system compared to the conventional cultivation in flat fields. The system can use fallow lands in winter for year-round urban farming. In addition, the application of the traditional farming system can enhance the humanistic value of urban farming.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.701-710
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• 1997

this study was undertaken to compare the riboflavin status of rural women with different physical activity intensity and to determine factors influencing biochemical fiboflavin status. The study was carried out over three different farming seasons : planting (June), harvest(October) and interim(February) in two rural regions of Korea. One was a traditional farming region, the other a commercial farming region with heavier work intensity. Twenty women in the traditional region and eighteen women in the commercial region were involved. The intensity of physical activity was determined by a daily activity record. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedence. Dietary riboflavin intake was measured by the food frequency method. Riboflavin biochemical status was assessed by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGR AC) and ruinary riboflavin excretion. The results from the EGR AC and urinary riboflavin excretion during the period showed the overall riboflavin status of the commercial farming women was significantly worse than that of the traditional farming women(EGR AC p<0.0001, urinary riboflavin excretion p<0.05). The traditional farming group had about 40% with risk of riboflavin deficiency, whereas the commercial farming group had about 70%. Overall mean nutrient intake was not significantly different between the two groups, however, overall mean percent lean body mass representing long term physical activity was significantly higher in the commercial farming group ( <0.005). It appears that the biochemical riboflavin status of traditional farming women was significantly influenced by riboflavin intake and crude nitrogen balance while the biochemical riboflavin status of the commercial farming women was significantly influenced by riboflavin intake and percent of lean body mass over the three seasons. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 701∼710, 1997)

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.299-303
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• 1999

충청북도 일대에서 화학비료와 농약을 사용하는 일반적인 경작논(이하 일반논), 화학비료, 퇴비를 사용하지만 농약을 사용하지 않는 논(이하 무농약논), 농약과 화학비료를 사용하지 않고 논에 오리를 사육하는 논(이하 오리논), 농약과 화학비료를 사용하지 않고 논에 열대산 우렁이를 사육하는 논(이하 우렁이논)에 대해 에너지 분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 에너지 효율은 오리논(1.8)이 가장 높고 우렁이논(1.5), 일반논(1.0), 무농약논(0.5)의 순서이다. 생산량에 비해 상대적으로 재생 불가능한 에너지는 일반논과 무농약논이 오리논과 우렁이논보다 2-3배 많이 사용하였고 재생가능한 에너지는 무농약논이 가장 많이 사용하였다. 무농약논은 비료, 퇴비를 과도하게 사용하여 에너지 효율이 낮아졌다. 무농약 재배를 위한 과도한 영양분의 투입은 에너지 측면에서 비효율적일 수 있음을 보여주었다. 논에 동물을 사용하는 방식은 재생불가능한 에너지 투입을 줄일 수 있어서 다른 방식에 비해 친환경적이었다. 하지만 보다 환경적이고 지속가능하기 위해서는 재생 불가능한 에너지를 더 줄일 수 있는 방안에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2017

농법에 따른 토양성분과 $N_2O$ 발생량, 탈질세균 수, 탈질세균의 군집 구조와 T-RFLP 패턴을 계절별로 조사하였다. 토양성분 분석결과 총 탄소량과 총 유기탄소량은 유기농법에서 각각 1.57%, 1.28%, 무농약 농법은 1.52%, 1.24%, 관행농법은 1.40%, 0.95%로 친환경농법에서 유기 탄소량이 비교적 높게 나타났다. $N_2O$ 발생량은 5월과 11월 토양이 높았지만 속도는 8월 토양이 빨랐다. 탈질세균 수는 유기농토양은 평균 $1.32{\times}10^4MPN/g$,무농약 토양은 평균 $1.17{\times}10^4MPN/g$, 관행농 토양은 평균 $6.29{\times}10^3MPN/g$으로 친환경농법 토양이 관행농법 토양에 비해 탈질세균 수가 많은 것을 확인하였다. 계통수 분석 결과, 전체 10개 Cluster 중 유기농법 토양이 6개의 Cluster에 분포되어 친환경 농법 토양이 다양한 군집을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. T-RFLP 패턴의 PCA profile 분석 결과, 유기농법은 넓은 분포를, 관행농법은 좁은 범위의 분포를 나타내고, 무농약농법은 유기농법과 관행농법의 중간에 분포하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 계절과 농법에 따라 탈질세균의 분포와 군집구조가 달라지는 것을 확인하였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.163-180
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• 1990

The objective of this study was to investigate the time used for daily activities by rural housewives. This study was carried out two aspects-the amount and the distribution of time. However, the characteristics of agriculture and the farming season influenced on rural housewives activities. There fore, in this study, survey areas divided into two groups-the traditional and the commercial agricultural area. And I conducted surveys in two times-the busy farming season and the leisure season for farmers. Data for 286 housewives(76 in traditional area on the leisure season, and 68 in commercial 142 in traditional area on the busy farming season)were collected by interviews, in which wives were asked to recall the used of time on the previous day, and a time record chart broken into fifteen minute intervals. The statistics for data analysis were frequency, percentile, T-test, and F-test by SPSS PC programs. The findings are as follows; 1)The average total time of rural housewives on labour was 8 hours 53 minutes, on socio-cultural activities 4 hours 18 minutes, and on physiological activities 11 hours 2 minutes. 2) The amount of time on agricultural labour was 6 hours 47 minutes in busy farming season, and 2 hour 45 minutes in leisure season. 3) The average time on household labour was 3 hours 51 minutes. 4) The amount of time on socioculture activities was 2 hours 19 minutes in busy farming, and 6 hours 16 minutes in leisure season. 5) The average time on physiological activities was 11 hours 2 minutes.

• 인삼문화
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• 제6권
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• pp.105-115
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• 2024

산림 속 자연환경 조건에서 자생하던 야생 산삼은 수백 년 동안 인간의 간섭과 지혜가 더해지면서 지금의 재배 인삼으로 이어져 오고 있다. 인삼농업은 우리나라 여러 지역에서 계승해 오고 있지만, 금산 지역 인삼농업은 역사성과 전통지식 시스템, 농업생물 다양성, 농업경관 등 세계중요농업유산 지정기준에 적합하다는 평가를 받아 2018년 국제연합 세계식량기구(FAO)로부터 세계중요농업유산(GIAHS)으로 지정 받았다. 금산 지역 전통인삼농업은 장기간(10~15년)의 사이클이 여러 번 반복되면서 구축된 지속 가능한 토지 이용 방식인 '순환식 이동 농법'을 계승해 오고 있으며, 경작지의 향과 바람의 순환을 중시한 재배지 선정 지혜를 보유하고 있다. 또한 선인들의 지혜와 지식이 고스란히 담긴 인삼재배지 예정지관리 기법 등 전통적 지식체계를 현재까지 유지하고 있다는 점이 농업유산가치로 높게 평가받은 것이다. 2023년 12월 현재 세계중요농업유산으로 지정된 곳은 26개국 86개소인데, 금산 지역 인삼농업이 인삼 작물로서는 세계 최초이자 유일하게 지정 받았다. 이것은 대한민국이 고려인삼 종주국으로서의 위상을 확보한 매우 의미 있는 역사적 기록이라 할 수 있다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2016

Since FAO introduced the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) in 2002, 36 sites of 15 countries so far have been listed on GIAHS. This study aims to find the important agricultural heritages of Korea and to prepare the methods for them to be selected as GIAHS. We have analyzed the proposals of the 36 GIAHS listed in order to study the characteristics of their components of the agricultural heritage which worked for being selected. To analyze the components of the agricultural heritage first, agricultural heritage was classified into 13 types and 42 components in light of GIAHS criteria. Then central themes were set to analyze the relevant contents in the proposals. They were, the type of GIAHS Site, significant agricultural landscape, the agriculture-forestry-fisheries-livestock linkage systems, the multi-layered, inter-cropping, circulation cultivation systems, the soil and water management systems, the conservation of agrobiological diversity and genetic resources, the history of the agricultural heritage, the succession of traditional farming techniques, the cultural diversity and so on. Most GIAHS are located in mountains, grasslands, rivers and coasts, desert than in plains, through which GIAHS assure us that it is the heritage of human challenge to overcome the harsh geographic environment and maintain a livelihood. In these sites the traditional farming techniques are carried on, such as mountain clearings, terraced rice paddies, and burn fields, and the unique irrigation systems and agricultural landscapes are well maintained, and the eco-friendly traditional farming techniques utilizing abundant forest resources and agriculture are well handed down. The origin or home of crop growing, a variety of genetic crop storage, the world's largest crop producer and preserving cultural diversity are also important factors for the selection.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2024

This study aims to explore a biological interpretation of farming practices mentioned in 'Sallimgyeongje(山林經濟)', an agricultural literature published in late 18C, in order to substantiate its scientific practicality and suggest the sustainable direction of modern agriculture. First, the research revealed that weeds and pests were effectively controlled by interspecies interactions such as allelopathy, mutualism, and interplanting. Second, qualified seeds were selected without dependence on chemical treatments by using specific gravity and cold water immersion. Third, the literature proposed plowing methods based on the properties of the soil, which implicated an establishment of healthy landscape mosaic by imitating the succession and introducing the moderate disturbance. Fourth, the genotypes of 37 native rice varieties were speculated based on six phenotype standards, and some of them are expected to have high nutritional value and abiotic stress resistance.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 1993

The traditional farming method has very long history in the process of agricultural development. The application of chemical fertilizers production became most popular to increase quantities of agricultural production. The United States of America is one of largest countries in the world. There are at present 50 States and farming conditions are very different from each individual States. There are increasing trend of agricultural production by applying chemical fertilizers as well as sprays during last 50 years(1940-90). The disadvantages of conventional farming method were to destroy nature and human life. There were some other kinds of disadvantages such as nitriated contamination in drinking water both for human being and animals. The alternative farming method is one of new farming method reducing and/of non-application of chemical fertilizers and sprays in agricultural production. There is less economic research on alternative farming system about $5.444 economic advatages in organic farms comparing commercial farms at the same area. There are advantage of higher unit price level in orgnic products, decreasing chemical costs as well as effect of crop combinations. It is certainly necessary to have more empirical research on economic and management of alternative farming method in the United States of America. However, if there is economic advantage in alternative farming methods, the future development possibility of alternative farming method can be very bright in vear future. There might be more advantages such as soil conservation, better quality of agricultural products, better health conditions of farmer's and consumer's as well as keeping healthy environment of rural and urban areas.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권5호통권162호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2005

An exploratory survey was performed to assess the present status of distribution and production of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera Linn.) in the rural landscape of Meghna floodplain of Bangladesh. A multistage simple random sampling technique was adopted to identify the study area and respondents. A total of 50 households were selected randomly for the study. Traditional knowledge on cultivation, management, and production of coconut palm was emphasized. Marketing of coconut palm products and income derived from coconut palm cultivation was taken into consideration. Perceptions of farmers, traders and professionals were described in due context of opportunities and constraints of coconut palm cultivation. Coconut palm cultivation was found to play an important role in household economy in rural Bangladesh sharing considerable contribution to the total income. About 10% of their total annual income was reported to come from coconut husbandry. Highest number of the coconut palms, 24%, was found to grow in the homestead compounds and in the pond banks. About one-third lands of the households were found to be covered by the coconut palms. Maximum, 19%, coconut palms were found in the 16-20 years age-class. Production of coconut was found highest at the age-class 11-15 years. The study found some important opportunities and constraints of coconut farming in rural Meghna floodplain area of Bangladesh. The results of this study would be useful for the rural development practitioners in Bangladesh.