• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2004

The fundamental frequency of a vowel is known to be affected by the identity of the preceding consonant. The general agreement is that strong consonants trigger higher F0 than weak consonants. However, there has been a disagreement on the shape of this segmentally affected F0 contours. Some studies report that shapes of contours are differentiated based on the consonant type, but others regard this observation as misleading. This research attempts to resolve this controversy by investigating shapes and slopes of F0 contours of Korean word level speech data produced by four male speakers. Instead of entirely relying on traditional human intuition and judgment, I employed an automatic F0 contour analysis technique known as tilt parameterisation (Taylor 2000). After necessary manipulation of an F0 contour of each data token, various parameters are collapsed into a single tilt value which directly indicates the shape of the contour. The result, in terms of statistical inference, shows that it is not viable to conclude that the type of consonant is significantly related to the shape of F0 contour. A supplementary measurement is also made to see if the slope of each contour bears meaningful information. Unlike shapes themselves, slopes are suspected to be practically more practical for consonantal differentiation, although confirmation is required through further refined experiments.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

Sa-Mul-Tang (Si-Wu-Tang, SMT), a kind of Chinese medicine, has been used for the hemato-deficient disease for hundreds of years. In this work, investigations on the anti-anemic activity of an aqueous extract of SMT were undertaken in order to find the pharmacological basis for the ethnomedical use of the formulation. Three kinds of Angelicase species, such as Angelica sinensis, Angelica acutiloba, and Angelica gigas, were used for preparing the water extracts of SMT. Anemic model rats were induced by the treatment of phenylhydrazine (40 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 4 days. After the treatment of phenylhydrazine, rats were divided into several groups for their different treatment of three kinds of SMT. Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hg), and hematocrit (Hct) were determined on the day 0, 3, 6, 10, 14 after the treatment of SMTs and erythrocytes deformabilities were also determined at the end of experiments. Oral administration of SMT (1g/kg/day) for 14 days did not ameliorate drug-induced anemic states evaluated by RBC counts, Hg contents, and Hct values. However, the erythrocyte deformabilities were improved in phenylhydrazine-treated group by the administragest that SMTs (p<0.05). Especially, these effects were high in the Angelica acutiloba group. These results suggest that SMTs have an ameliorative effect on blood rheology related to the blood stasis syndrome in oriental diagnostics not on the blood deficient states related to the anemic syndrome.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.293-300
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• 1999

Soilcrete has been the traditional material for the paving and soft ground improvement techniques. But because the durability is not excellent and the quality is not homogeneous, it has not been used for the various purposes up to date. And because the quality of soilcrete is apt to be changed by the content of water and soil stabilizer, and the kind of soil and soil stabilizer, it is not free of cares. But with the increase of naturally oriented needs for the light traffic road such as pedestrian roads of the garden, golf courses and sidewalks, the cases of soilcrete paving has been increased recently. This study aims at making the reference table of the mix design in accordance with the required design specifications for the soilcrete admixtures by the FGC soil stabilizer by using the statistical experiment method. The treated soil is the clay which are widely spreaded in Korea. As the results of this study we can derive the effective reference mix design table for the clay soil treated by the FGC soil stabilizer in accordance with the compressive strength of 50∼200kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ soilcrete with respect to the contents of water, soil stabilizer and fine sand.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.240-245
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• 1998

Fuzzy information retrieval which uses the concept of fuzzy relation is able to retrieve documents in the way based on not morphology but semantics, dissimilar to traditional information retrieval theories. Fuzzy information retrieval logically consists of three sets : the set of documents, the set of terms and the set of queries. It maintains a fuzzy relational matrix which describes the relationship between documents and terms and creates a thesaurus with fuzzy relational product. It also provides the user with documents which are relevant to his query. However, there are some problems on building a thesaurus with fuzzy relational product such that it has big time complexity and it uses fuzzy values to be processed with flating-point. Actually, fuzzy values have to be expressed and processed with floating-point. However, floating-point operations have complex logics and make the system be slow. If it is possible to exchange fuzzy values with binary values, we could expect sp eding up building the thesaurus. In addition, binary value expressions require just a bit of memory space, but floating -point expression needs couple of bytes. In this study, we suggest a new method of building a thesaurus, which accelerates the operation of the system by pre-applying an ${\alpha}$-cut. The experiments show the improvement of performance and reliability of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.658-665
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• 2012

Micro-EDM is widely used in metallic pattern, electronics, nuclear power and industry in the form of precision process. The improvement of Electro Discharge Machining has been on a steady progress since $19^{th}$ century. The technology has overcome the limits of the traditional precision process, enabling micro-EDM, micro electrolytic machining, micro drilling, micro punching and laser beam machining, which create versatile products with smaller sizes. What have been known about the major feature of Micro-EDM is high thermal energy so that their products are free from the hardness of their products as long as they are electrical conductor. However, each metal is suspected to have different features and natures even if they are created through the same procedure. In this thesis, the methodology of Micro-EDM and how to categorize them are explained. Also, the nature of the examined materials with surface shape and surface roughnes are analyzed. The results of the experiments are expected to understand surface roughness and workability of other materials for Micro-EDM.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.2853-2873
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• 2013

Over the last few years, one of the most common purposes of smart homes is to provide human centric services in the domain of u-healthcare by analyzing inhabitants' daily living. Currently, the major challenges in activity recognition include the reliability of prediction of each classifier as they differ according to smart homes characteristics. Smart homes indicate variation in terms of performed activities, deployed sensors, environment settings, and inhabitants' characteristics. It is not possible that one classifier always performs better than all the other classifiers for every possible situation. This observation has motivated towards combining multiple classifiers to take advantage of their complementary performance for high accuracy. Therefore, in this paper, a method for activity recognition is proposed by optimizing the output of multiple classifiers with Genetic Algorithm (GA). Our proposed method combines the measurement level output of different classifiers for each activity class to make up the ensemble. For the evaluation of the proposed method, experiments are performed on three real datasets from CASAS smart home. The results show that our method systematically outperforms single classifier and traditional multiclass models. The significant improvement is achieved from 0.82 to 0.90 in the F-measures of recognized activities as compare to existing methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.4307-4325
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• 2016

With the aim of solving the problems of long processing times, high memory consumption and low event throughput in the current processing approaches in out-of-order RFID event streams, an efficient complex event processing method based on INFA-HTS (Improved Nondeterministic Finite Automaton-Hash Table Structure) is presented in this paper. The contribution of this paper lies in the fact that we use INFA and HTS to successfully realize the detection of complex events for out-of-order RFID event streams. Specifically, in our scheme, to detect the disorder of out-of-order event streams, we expand the traditional NFA model into a new INFA model to capture the related RFID primitive events from the out-of-order event stream. To high-efficiently manage the large intermediate capturing results, we use the HTS to store and process them. As a result, these problems in the existing methods can be effectively solved by our scheme. The simulation results of our experiments show that our proposed method in this paper outperforms some of the current general processing approaches used to process out-of-order RFID event streams.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1520-1542
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• 2020

Traditional software testing typically uses many physical resources to manually build various test environments, resulting in high resource costs and long test time due to limited resources, especially for small enterprises. Cloud computing can provide sufficient low-cost virtual resources to alleviate these problems through the virtualization of physical resources. However, the provision of various test environments and services for implementing software testing rapidly and conveniently based on cloud computing is challenging. This paper proposes a multilayer cloud testing model based on cloud computing and implements a hybrid cloud testing system based on virtual machines (VMs) and networks. This system realizes the automatic and rapid creation of test environments and the remote use of test tools and test services. We conduct experiments on this system and evaluate its applicability in terms of the VM provision time, VM performance and virtual network performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the VMs and virtual networks is satisfactory and that this system can improve the test efficiency and reduce test costs through rapid virtual resource provision and convenient test services.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2004

In the traditional use of conjoint analysis, in order to evaluate the relative importance of several elements composing a service, interviewed customers are asked to express their judgement about different scenarios (specific combinations of elements). In order to reduce the number of possible scenarios, design of experiments methodology is usually exploited. Previous experiences show that, even a limited number of proposed scenarios cause difficulty in answering for the interviewed customer if the scenarios differ for elements of very low interest to him/her. Consequently, a high rate of abandon of the interview has been observed. In this study it is assumed that a service can be decomposed in several improvable elements and/or enriched with new "optionals". In both cases, what under study is assumed to be a set of dichotomous attributes. For each of these attributes, its marginal contribution to customer satisfaction has to be modelled and estimated. To obtain the required information, an opportune questionnaire is proposed to a sample of interviewed customers. An interviewing procedure consisting in a customer driven design of scenarios is followed, starting from the full-optional scenario and eliminating one by one the less satisfying elements. For each interviewed customer, a ranking of attributes is so obtained. Then, by asking the interviewed customer to evaluate on a metric scale the scenarios he previously selected, a rating of attributes can also be obtained. A case study conducted in collaboration with a public transportation company is presented. Contrarily to previous experiences, the abandon rate proved extremely reduced.y reduced.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.97-106
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• 1995

An improving example for traditional rapid mix system was studied in the base of mechanisms of alum coagulation. Local status of the major water treatment plants was also investigated and evaluated for upgrading these plants. A new design and operating criterium for rapid mix system was proposed to velocity gradient, G of $1,000-1,500sec^{-1}$ and detention time, t of 1 sec from the results of experiments and literature reviews. Comparing the present rapid mix system to this criterium, apparent difference existed between them. In this study, for improving Seongnam water treatment plant, a design criterium of velocity gradient, and detention time was set to $1,100sec^{-1}$, 1 sec, respectively. A new rapid mix system adopted the nozzle injection countcurrently cross the inlet pipe to the whole area. The injection velocity was 17m/s, nozzle diameter was 1.0mm, and number of nozzle was 70. The new modified system without running present four 75 HP agitators was able to improve water quality(based on sedimentation effluent) by 15-35% and to reduce electrical energy by 98%.