• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-96
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• 2012

Previous literature has looked merely into the effect of trade facilitation on aggregate trade, or analyzed trade growth using the extensive and intensive margins. This paper blends these two lines of research for a detailed analysis of the impact of trade facilitation on trade by using highly disaggregated trade data and a more composite index for measuring trade facilitation, also taking into account the export sectors and income levels of countries. As a result, this paper finds that developing countries with higher trade facilitation levels export a wider range of products, especially primary goods. While trade facilitation levels do not have a statistically significant association with trade at the intensive margin in general, further analysis shows that the impact of advanced trade facilitation is the largest for lower middle-income countries in primary goods trade at the intensive margin, and the largest for upper middle-income countries in manufactured goods trade at the intensive margin. More importantly, our policy simulation results suggest that trade facilitation-related policy reforms enable developing countries to benefit from increased trade in manufactured goods at the extensive margin.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.229-246
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• 2022

In order to understand the economic damage of economic sanctions on trade between Korea and Russia, a trade structure analysis was conducted through statistics on import and export trade between Korea and Russia. Through the structural analysis of product trade, we tried to accurately analyze the current status of product trade between Korea and Russia. In the trade structure analysis, it was confirmed that the trade in goods between Korea and Russia decreased the most in market share and trade concentration. However, trade specialization, comparative advantage by market, and intra-industry trade index were not significantly affected despite strong economic sanctions. from Russia's point of view Smart measures are needed to address the current situation to avoid a greater economic downturn. The end of the war and the restoration of partnership with other countries are considered the most beneficial solutions for Russia and all countries, but it is difficult to predict how the war will go or what economic situation Russia will be in after the war.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.116-133
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• 2021

Purpose - Intra-industry trade of agricultural products can eliminate the disadvantage of Korea's traditional agriculture and improve its lack of comparative advantage. The main purpose of this paper is to measure the level and index of intra-industry trade of Korean agricultural products and to explore the spatial dependence and spillover effect associated with this type of trade. The main factors influencing intra-agricultural trade are analyzed from two perspectives: the population and the classification of agricultural products. Design/methodology - First, the level of intra-industry trade of Korean agricultural products is measured. Second, to obtain a more accurate estimate of the influence of various factors, and based on two types of weight matrices, a spatial econometric model is constructed from two aspects: population and classification of agricultural products. The status and the factors influencing intra-industry trade are also studied. Findings - It is concluded that there is a positive spatial correlation between Korea's intra-industry trade in agricultural products and that of its trading partners. The spatial spillover effect of this type of trade is verified by using the spatial autoregressive model (SAR). Labor-intensive agricultural products are found to have a positive spillover effect on intra-industry trade, while land-intensive products do not have a significant effect. Originality/value - In this paper, the two types of agricultural products are meticulously distinguished, and the spatial effect of the intra-industry trade of agricultural products as well as the influence of various factors are analyzed. In addition, the accuracy of the estimation of the coefficients of the factors by using the spatial econometric model is higher than that of the ordinary panel data model.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.3-22
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• 2016

This study analyzed the pattern of Myanmar's trade with east asia countries, Korea, China and Japan. By using RCA index and TSI index, the comparative advantage and trade specialization of Myanmar are analyzed. UN COMTRADE data from 2012 to 2014 is analyzed. After the economic sanction against Myanmar was lifted, the volume of trade of Myanmar was increased sharply as well as the trade structure is changed. The volume of trade in primary industry is decreased while the manufactured industry takes more share of trade volume. The comparative advantage of manufactured industries took more steps while those of primary industries lose. In the trade with Korea, China and Japan, Myanmar exports labor intensive products and primary goods. Trade relationship beteen Korea and Myanmar is analyzed to be primary step, while China's and Japan's are going to be advanced. China and Japan are entering to the stage of international value chain system by using abundant labor of Myanmar.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.364-373
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• 1998

This study examines the international competitiveness of the Korean information and telecommunication industry by using competitiveness index such as the RCA index, the Trade Specialization index, and the Total Factor Productivity. The results of this study show that the industry's competitiveness slightly decreases since 1995, but not its the total factor productivity. In conclusion, the industry has kept the competitiveness over all. Therefore, to keep or improve the competitiveness continuously, the industry is required the government's intensive investment and administrative support. And the industry should bring up by venture and small-medium-size-enterprises to have great economic impacts on other industries. Also, the increasing production and export promoting policy will be enhance the industry and improve nation's balance of trade.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1-26
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper investigates the recent trade collapse, recovery, and prolonged slowdown to shed light on the discussions about whether the current slowdown is structural or cyclical. I examine structural, cyclical, and heterogeneous aspects of the recent trade trends using detailed statistics of a small open economy, South Korea, whose economic success and growth have been heavily dependent on exports. Design/methodology - I use both aggregated and disaggregated trade statistics of South Korea. I apply the following methodologies: 1) I decompose the trade growth into the extensive and the intensive margin and observe the effect of prices over time. 2) I estimate the trade-income elasticities focusing on the world's import demand, separately for goods from the world and from Korea. 3) I compare the drop in goods exports in slowdown and trade collapse, which are the two unusual periods in the recent history when world trade has substantially dropped altogether. Findings - I show that while the last drop of trade after 2015 has cyclical aspects, there is evidence that the continued slowdown from 2012 is structural: 1) the so-called 'China factor' is found in the analysis of trade-income elasticity of the world and China for imports from Korea. 2) The bilateral trade barriers between Korea and its principal trading partners are universally tightening. 3) Firm sizes, destination countries, and the mode of transactions affect disaggregated trade flows during the slowdown periods. Originality/value - This paper contributes to the debate regarding whether the current trade slowdown is structural or cyclical. I provide two concrete evidence that the export drop in 2015 stems from low oil prices: one is the divergence of Korean export value index from its export quantity index, which started in late 2014 when oil prices plunged. I also contribute to the literature by providing evidence that Korea's trade barriers with important trading partners are steadily increasing since 2012 as the protectionist measures toward Korea's export products are steeply increasing after the global financial crisis.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.361-385
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• 2014

This study focused on Spillover of Technology Trade against Post- BRICs of the Technology export of Korea. Therefore this study made an empirical analysis for investigating the competitiveness of technology export in Korea and using panel data 2003-2012 of technology trade data between 6 Countries(Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa, Turkey, Vietnam). In particular, the study deduced the correlation between technology export in Korea using the variables of Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D and Per capita GDP, distance, population, free-trade index, FDI, Technology-Intensive Manufactures, Pattern Investment fixed effect model in panel linear regression model. It is found that the Technology export of Korea SMEs made a significant effect on the pop, free_trade, and distance. and also it is found that the Technology export of Korea Big Business made a significant effect on the per-GDP, Fdi from Korea, free_trade, and distance. The results suggest that the study should use technology gap variables and the strategy for activating the Technology export of Korea should be made for future works.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.21-47
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• 2021

Purpose - Offshoring has emerged as one of the major trends in international trade and has become one of the strategies for achieving competitiveness in the global market. In spite of this, the expected gains of offshoring can be offset by hidden costs and risks, such as those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the trade war between the USA and China, and the ongoing trade dispute between Korea and Japan. To obviate such business failure and prevent critical business blunders, offshoring strategies that efficiently consider both risk elements and potential wealth creation are urgently need. The first purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of more advanced offshoring strategies to help host countries select the best locations to manage supply chain risks and create unique value. The second purpose is to specifically analyze the current status of Korea and provide Korean companies with implications to be considered when deciding whether to offshore or re-shore. Design/methodology - A Network DEA model was applied to measure the comparative location efficiency of national competencies for offshoring strategy from perspectives of wealth creation opportunities (profitability and marketability) and supply chain risk management. The location efficiencies are compared among a total 70 countries selected from the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) and globally attractive locations outlined by Kearney (2017). For the secondary analysis of efficiency, a t-test examining the nature of competitive advantage and the level of sophistication in production processes was implemented in three divisions. We then analyzed differences in offshoring performance in terms of the identified national traits. Moreover, Tobit regression analysis is conducted to investigate the correlation between value-added business activities and each divisional efficiency, seeking to determine how each degree of value-added business activity influences the increase in offshoring productivity. Findings - Regarding overall location efficiency for offshoring performance, only the USA and Italy were identified as being efficient as host countries for offshoring, under circumstances of advanced development, such as productivity and risk management. Korea ranks 13th among 70 countries. The determinants of national competitiveness depend on national traits (the nature of competitive advantage and business sophistication). Countries with labor/resource advantages and labor-intensive industries are more competitive in terms of marketability than others. In contrast, countries with strong technology-intensive industries benefit offshoring companies, particularly in the technology sector, with the added advantage of supply chain risk management. As the perception of a value chain is broader in a country, it can achieve both production sophistication and competitive advantages such as marketability and SCRM. Originality/value - Existing studies focus on offshoring effectiveness from a company perspective. This paper contributes to comparing country efficiency in producing core competencies related to an offshoring strategy and also segments countries into three performance-based considerations associated with the global offshoring market. It also details Korea's position as an offshoring location according to national efficiency and competency.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.242-257
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• 2012

Korea's population change trend is the aging and feminization as Reduction in mortality, average life extension. and is further increased Reduction of birth rate and aging population. if Our country concluded FTA(Free Trade Agreement) with the United States, Europe and China etc. labor-intensive industries will be the decline. Then, the construction workers' jobs are continually reduced. This is critical to the nation's economic, social and environmental influences due to Shortage of construction workforce and increasing labor costs. Eventually this is a major factor in reduced construction productivity. Therefore, this study is presented as a construction productivity development prospects on the value-added analysis per Labour productivity employee from Construction market trends, industry-specific productivity index, industry trends Employed, age tiered workforce trends, women's workforce trends, labor time trend, foreign workers, workforce trends, analysis of trends in construction contract, awarded by Company Size trends, construction management analysis index.