• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2022

This study identified Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) and exotic pines (Pinus resinosa, Pinus sylvestris) with a similar anatomical structure using a dendro-anatomical method that applied dendrochronology, tracheid length, and uniseriate ray cell size. Korean red pine samples were collected from 13 national parks, while exotic pine samples were secured from two wood importers. Tracheid length was measured by distinguishing earlywood from latewood, and uniseriate ray height and cell number were determined. As the exotic pine tree-ring chronology was consistent with the foreign standard tree-ring chronology and displayed high statistical significance, the country and region where the pine samples had been felled and the exact felling date were confirmed. According to the results, which compared tracheid length and uniseriate ray size, no difference was observed between the Korean red and Russian pines. However, the tracheid length of the Russian pines turned out to be slightly longer than the length of the Korean red pine. Additional research securing a larger number of exotic pines (P.resinosa, P.sylvestris) is required to yield more accurate results in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 1985

In Korea, a study on the anatomical features of pitch pine (pinus rigida Miller) branch wood through photo-microscopical method was reported in 1972 by Lee. Therefore, as a further study of Lee's on the anatomical features in branch wood of pinus rigida miller that grows in Korea, compression wood, opposite wood, and side wood were selected and treated for the purpose of comparing their structures revealed on cross and radial surface through scanning electron microscope in this study. The obtained results in this study were summarized as follows; 1. The trachied transition from earlywood to late wood is very gradual and the tracheids are nearly regular in both arrangement and size in compression wood but this transition in opposite wood and side wood is abrupt and the tracheids in opposite wood and side wood are less regular than those in compression wood. Also, the annual ring width of opposite wood is narrower than that of compression wood or side wood and the rays revealed on cross surface of side wood are more distinct than compression wood and opposite wood rays. 2. The tracheids of compression wood show roundish trends especially in earlywood but those of opposite wood and side wood show some angular trends. And intercellular space, helical cavity, and spiral check are present in both earlywood and latewood of compression wood but not present in opposite wood and side wood irrespective of earlywood and latewood. 3. The wall thickness of latewood tracheid is similar to that of earlywood tracheid in compression wood whereas the wall thickness of latewood tracheid is by far thicker than that of earlywood tracheid in opposite wood and side wood and the S3 layer of secondary wall is lack in compression wood tracheid unlike opposite wood and side wood tracheid. 4. The tracheids in compression wood are often distorted at their tips unlike those in opposite wood and side wood and the bordered pit in compression wood tracheid is located at the bottom of helical groove unlike that in opposite wood and side wood tracheid. 5. The bordered pits in radial wall of opposite wood and side wood tracheids are oval in shape but those of compression wood tracheids show some modified oval shape. 6. In earlywood of side wood, the small apertures of cross-field pits are roundish triangle to rectangle and the large one are fenestriform through the coalition of two small ones. However, the small apertures of cross-field pits are upright oval and the large ones are procumbent oval shape in earlywood of opposite wood and the apertures of cross-field pits in compression wood are tilted bifacial convex lens shape in earlywood and slit in late wood because of the border on tracheid side.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 1993

Tracheid structure of aerial system in five species of Ophioglossaceae and one species of Osmundaceae was examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The species were Botrichium multifidum var. robustrum, B. ternatum, strictum, B. virginianum, Ophioglossum vulgatum, and Osmunda japonica. Three types of tracheids could be recognized by the pattern of secondary wall thickening; helical, irregular reticulate and circular bordered pitted tracheids. Among them, the appearance of circular bordered pitted tracheids supported that ophioglossaceous plants might have phylogenetic relationship with progymnosperm-seed plant line. Circular and elliptical bordered pits in shape were observed in five ophioglossaceous species; the former was subdivided into large and small types in size. In conclusion, three types of bordered pits were found: (1) large circular type- O. vulgatum, (2) small circular type- B. multifidum var. robustrum, B. ternatum and (3) elliptical type-B. strictum, B. virginianum. B. strictum and B. virginianum belong to subgenus Osmundopteris had the elliptical bordered pits. Therefore, this group might be interpreted as the most primitive in this family; however, such suggestion did subgenus Osmundopteris was classified into the most advanced group.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2008

Moisture content of Larix kapempferi was maintained at 28% after air drying. 5% CCFZ solution penetration depth was observed through longitudinal tracheid and axial resin canal. Penetration depth was increased significantly from heartwood to sapwood and the penetration depth was found 1.3 times higher for sapwood measured at 15.0 second of penetration. On the other hand, liquid flow in sapwood and heartwood involved most liquid first entering the resin canals. Overall resin canal conducted 1.4 times more than tracheid. Latewood was found more permeable than in earlywood. At the beginning of penetration, the speed was high and then decreased in the course of time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.163-165
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• 1988

Sclerosed and pitted tyloses were discovered in the springwood tracheids of Taxodium distichum Rich stemwood which has taxodioid or cupressoid cross field pits, and these tyloses were believed to be caused by protrusion of enlarged ray parenchyma cells into tracheid lumina.

• Proceedings of the KSFDT Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.177-182
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the KSFDT Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.151-156
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• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 1997

In fast grown softwood, there are very large changes in material properties going outward from the pith to bark such as anatomical, physical and mechanical characteristics. Some of variations in anatomical properties with annual ring were then examined from Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis, and Chamaecyparis obtusa, which are major softwoods of plantation in Korea. The large variations of annual ring width during young age of tree tended to stabilize after 25year through the transitional period in 17~23year. The ring density was 1.5~2.4 in 1~10year period, and 3.5~6.3 in 30~35year period, in which juvenile and mature wood were certainly assumed to be formed, respectively. Variations of tracheid length showed functional relationships with annual rings as logarithm. Demarcation between juvenile wood and mature wood could be 16~19year, which was determined from increase rate of tracheid length of 0.2%. Cell wall thickness increased with increase of annual ring even though large variations were observed as well. Variations of cell wall thickness within species were pronounced in latewood than earlywood. The increase of cell wall thickness from juvenile wood to mature wood was predominant in Larix leptolepis as 2.0times, and least in Chamaecyparis obtusa as 1.1 times. Cell diameters showed trends of increase during young age of 1~15year, and consistent afterward. The variations of cell diameter between radial and tangential direction were greater in latewood, and most pronounced in Chamaecyparis obtusa.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 1991

Compression wood and opposite wood formed in a branch of Taxodium distichum Rich. is described and compared in qualitative and quantitative anatomical aspects. The qualitative features of compression wood appeared to differ from those of opposite wood in very gradual tracheid transition from earlywood to latewood, roundish tracheid shape on cross surface, tracheid tip distortion on radial surface, and existence of intercellular spaces and helical cavities. In quantitative features, compression wood tracheids showed shorter lengths than opposite wood. The ray density and the number of uniseriate rays were greater in compression wood than in opposite wood but the height of uniseriate rays in compression wood was smaller than in opposite wood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of charcoal meal application on the quality of the wood. As the results, it was observed that annual ring width of seedlings was wider in the plots treated with charcoal meal than the control plots. Depending on the kind of charcoal, annual ring width was widest in the plot treated with Larix kaempferi charcoal, and then was observed in order of Pinus koraiensis > particle board > Quercus acutissima. Latewood percentage and specific gravity were lower in the plots treated with charcoal than the control plots and lowest in Larix kaempferi charcoal plot among the plots treated with charcoal. Tracheid length was longer in the plot treated with powder charcoal than the control plot but tracheid width was not significantly different from the control plot. The cell wall thickness of earlywood was not significantly different between the plot treated with charcoal and the control plot but that of latewood was thicker in the plots treated with charcoal than the control. Microfibril angle was smaller in the plot treated with granulated charcoal than the control plot. However, there was no significant difference between the plot treated with powder charcoal and granulated charcoal.