• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.42-45
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• 1996

Children tend to ingest foreign bodies. The majority present in children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years. We experienced 2 cases of unusual gastrointestinal complications caused by ingested foreign bodies. First case was a 10-month-old male with intestinal perforation due to two pieces of ingested magnetic heads. Second case was a 7-month-old girl with esophageal stricture due to an ingested particle of plastic toy.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.481-492
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• 1999

연구배경 $\textbullet$ 인터넷 사용자 증대 및 웹기반 서비스 확산[Report, 1998] $\textbullet$ 웹기반 은행업우의 등장 [Arie, 1998] [임춘성, 1998] $\textbullet$ 인터넷 기반 보안 사고의 증대[임차식, 1998] $\textbullet$ 인 터넷 기반 시스템 침해 기법의 다양화[FIST, 1998] 연구필요성 $\textbullet$ 웹기반 은행 업무의 보안 위협에 대한 분석 필요 $\textbullet$ 보안 위협요소에 대한 보안 모델 수립 필요 $\textbullet$ 현존하는 보안 패키지 시스템의 웹기반 은행업무 적용방안 필요 (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.222-222
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.121-129
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• 1999

This paper will describe the design of database for system engineering of High Speed Railway Systems, focusing on tile ability to capture a full thread of traceability, from tile inception of a system requirement, to the test results that validate that the designed system meets criteria defined by the requirement. The database includes data models for requirement, function, component, work, work process, resource, etc.. These data models are utilized for tile efficient management of data related system design, development work, and validation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.455-456
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• 2019

현대 사회는 적은 자녀만 낳아 키우는 추세이다. 그러다보니 부모들은 자녀의 창의적 사고방식에 대한 관심이 높아지고 새로운 교육방식을 찾기 시작했다. 본 논문은 부모들의 기대에 부응하기 위해 육아종합지원센터에서 운영하는 장난감 도서관을 효과적으로 활용할 수 있도록 대여 및 반납 시스템을 설계하고 구축한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.395-396
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• 2019

중국 전통 장난감은 역사가 매우 깊어 많은 중국인들에게 아름다운 추억을 선사하였다. 본문은 중국 전통 장난감시장이 현재 겪고 있는 어려움을 논술하였고 중국전통 장난감의 특징에 대한 분류와 분석을 진행하였으며 전통 장난감에 대해 리디자인 연구방향을 제시하였다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.40 no.3_4
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• pp.515-530
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• 2022

A factor graph and belief propagation can be used for finding stochastic values of link weights in biological networks. However it is not easy to follow the process of use and so we presented the process with a toy network of three nodes in our prior work. We extend this work more generally and present numerical example for a network of 100 nodes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2008

It can be expected, recently, that the traffic congestion grows worse because the 48% of passenger cars are concentrated in the metropolitan area. However, there is an enforcement regulation that must limit onsite parking lot establishment in some downtown, so it is forecasted that parking lot supply is insufficient. Therefore, this study concentrate upon the subject that solves the problem which drivers are difficult to find parking lots because of increasing demand for parking. This study includes the concept about walking distance because the choice of parking lots is happened within walking distance. The algorithm of this study applies to toy-network, and then this study analyze the result of toy-network. It is proper to consider user's preference because the patterns of choice are different. Moreover, this study suggests the vision that will can offer drivers more correct information by real time information sharing in course of ubiquitous age.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.361-368
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to propose a new on-line nonlinear PCA(OL-NPCA) method for a nonlinear feature extraction from the incremental data. Kernel PCA(KPCA) is widely used for nonlinear feature extraction, however, it has been pointed out that KPCA has the following problems. First, applying KPCA to N patterns requires storing and finding the eigenvectors of a N${\times}$N kernel matrix, which is infeasible for a large number of data N. Second problem is that in order to update the eigenvectors with an another data, the whole eigenspace should be recomputed. OL-NPCA overcomes these problems by incremental eigenspace update method with a feature mapping function. According to the experimental results, which comes from applying OL-NPCA to a toy and a large data problem, OL-NPCA shows following advantages. First, OL-NPCA is more efficient in memory requirement than KPCA. Second advantage is that OL-NPCA is comparable in performance to KPCA. Furthermore, performance of OL-NPCA can be easily improved by re-learning the data.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2014

Background: Despite children's unique characteristics that distinguish them from adults, relatively few attempts have been made to measure exposure factors for characterization of children's exposure to hazardous chemicals in child-specific products (CSP). This study was conducted to establish the child-specific exposure factors for exposure and risk assessment of hazardous substances in CSP. Methods: We investigated the exposure factors (e.g., time use of child-products, time and frequency of object-to-body contact, time and frequency of object-to-mouth contact) influencing children's exposure to CSP (e.g., toys, playmats, oil pastels, etc.) in 650 children through a parent-completed questionnaire using a web-based survey. Participants were recruited in five age groups, <1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-6, and 6-12 years of age. Results: The child-specific exposure factors were presented as the mean, median, $95^{th}$ percentile, minimum, and maximum values. Time activity for play mats was the longest among CSP and infants spent more time on them than did elder age groups (189.3-224.7 min/day for <1-2 years vs. 91.2 min/day for 6-12 years). It is apparent that time and frequency of toy block- and plastic toy-to-mouth contact significantly decreased as a function of age. When the variation of CSP use patterns was compared by gender, the only variable that was statistically different between genders was time activity in child-products exposure space. Conclusion: We believe the five child-specific exposure factors suggested in the present study will be valuable for reducing uncertainty in the estimation of chemical exposure during risk assessment of CSP and furthermore, in the appropriate regulations to protect children's health.