• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2002

The toxic gases released from a fire can be classified as asphyxiants such as carbon monoxide, and irritants such as hydrochloric acid, etc. It is recognized that the combustion characteristic of interior upholstery is one of the important factors to determine the severity of indoor fires. In this study, several of the mostly used interior upholsteries including wallpaper, veneer board, curtain and floor cover, were selected to be evaluated by using the method of NES 713. The toxicity indices of the experimental samples, which indicate their toxic potentials in a fire were lowered in the order of Wallpaper (Flame Retardant) 8.5>Floor Cover(Hard) 4.8>polyurethane 4.3>Floor Cover(Soft) 3.5>PVC 2.8> Veneer Board 2.3> Floor Cover(flame retardant) 2.1>Wallpaper(Promulgation) 1.4>Curtain 0.9. It is concluded that, among all the tested upholsteries, wallpaper (flame retardant) would release the largest quantity of Toxic gases in a fire.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 1999

Today, toxicology is used for many purpose, in many fields. Classification of special toxic effect is related next 4 important principles. 1. The chemical substance must move to target organ or tissue that can induce Biological effect. For this movement, we have to understand the physical-chemical characteristic of substance, and the rout of absorption, metabolism, diffusion and excretion of toxic substance. 2. Every biological effect that induced by chemical substance is not harmful. For example, some specific chemical substance is not harmful in liver enzyme system. 3. The strength of biological effect induced by chemical substance is deep related with dose. Nearly all substance is not effective below the specific dose, and it may toxic to death over the specific dose. It is the 'Dose - response relationship' But carcinogen may toxic whether it is law dose or not. 4. The information that was obtained by experimental animal test, could have to adapt in human biology. Because biological effect of chemical substance could be different in every biological species. In past, drugs was obtained by animal or plants. But in the future, it could be obtained by biochemistry, and genome project. Therefore, in Oriental medicine, research and approach is needed at this time, and have to develop new method of experience in toxic method.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 2008

Polymer-coated film SAW sensors have been fabricated and their sensing properties for toxic chemicals have been extensively investigated. Four types of the toxic chemical compounds of hydrogen cyanide(AC), carbonyl dichloride(CG), pinacolyl methylfluorophosphonate(GD), 2,2'-dichlorodiethylthio ether(HD) were used as target gases. SAW sensors using five different kinds of polymers were used to detect toxic chemicals and their gas sensing characteristics were investigated. The polymers used as the sensing materials were polyisobutylene(PIB), polyepichlorohydrin(PECH), polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS), polybutadiene(PBD) and polyisoprene(PIP). The recommendable mixing ratio of PIB, PECH, PDMS, PBD and PIP to solvents were 1:30, 1:40, 1:10, 1:30 and 1:30, respectively. The sensing characteristics of the SAW sensors were measured by using E-5061A network analyzer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.467-480
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• 1999

Many antinutritional and toxic factors abound in tropical seeds, which are also generally rich in nutrients and therefore more prone to attack from herbivores. Antinutritional and toxic factors are considered to defend seeds against environmental vagaries and thus help to protect them. These factors though good for the plant, cause deleterious effects or are even toxic to animals and man. The conventional seeds cultivated for oil or non-oil purposes, and general aspects of antinutritional factors are not presented here as these have already been discussed widely by many workers. Deficits in conventional protein and energy sources in the tropics have stimulated a quest for alternative feeds both for animals and humans. This article attempts to highlight two new oilseed crops, Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera, and in addition deals with some under-utilized seeds with potential as animal feed. Most of these seed plants are adapted to various marginal growing conditions in the tropics and can help to mitigate the prevailing deficit in protein and energy sources. Antinutritional and toxic factors in seed or seed meal, various approaches to detoxify seed meal, and future research and development priorities for their exploitation as animal feeds are presented.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.373-377
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• 1995

Four Bacillus thuringiensis isolates obtained from soil samples in Korea produce parasporal inclusions non-toxic to 10 insect species of three orders, Lepidopera, Diptera and Coleoptera. These four isolates are named NTB-1, NTB-2, NTB-3 and NTB-4, respectively. The morphology of parasporal inclusions of four isolates observed by phase contrast- and scanning electron microscope was all ovoid. Characterization of four non-toxic B. thuringiensis isolates was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis. The results showed that parasporal inclusion proteins and total plasmid DNA profiles of four isolates are different from other known non-toxic B. thuringiensis strains', suggesting that four isolates are novel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 1997

These days leakage incidents of toxic materials cause serious effects on the nearby residents as well as the workers around the accidents accompanying massive material losses and human damages through widening influential areas. The risk measure through adequate quantitative analysis as well as the qualitative analysis of the leakage incidents of toxic materials becomes an urgent issue. The damage of the leakage incident on the surrounding area of the dangerous toxic material facilities was calculated quantitatively by adopting several models in this research. First, the calculations of the leakage velocity from the factories were performed by using source model for the assessment of the influential area, and the damages on the nearly residents were calculated by using the dispersion model and the effort model. The probability of the Incidents was computed based on "The manual for classification and priorization of major incidents" published by IAEA( International Atomic Energy Agency ). Above calculated damage area and incident probability were further adopted in this study to induce the individual and societal risk, quantitatively. The calculated data of the real Incident of the toxic material leakage showed reasonable agreements to the actual damage of the incidents, which showed a validity of this study. The result of this study might be a helpful measure for predicting damages and preparing safety systems for similar kinds of incidents.incidents.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.144-155
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• 1998

This research aims to perceive the present state of science experimental education practiced in middle school and also to improve the laboratorial environment. Accordingly, this study surveyed 297 middle school science teachers in Seoul to examine the risks and accidents occurred during lab sessions, the conditions of chemical waste disposal, and whether or not teacher's manual clearly states cautions on toxic chemicals. About 70%(69.6%) of science teachers were highly concerned about risks and toxicity of chemicals used in classes, 59.9% experienced actual accidents, and 83.2% were anxiety of incidents caused by chemicals. Besides, 55.2% of science teachers answered that they have little knowledge about caring noxious chemicals used in lab sessions. So it turns out that they need more specific education on handling toxic chemicals. More than one third(36.7%) answered that they disposed of chemical waste water without any special care or kept it in the lab after experiments. The number of chemicals as well used in middle school curriculum is increasing as grades gets higher toxic chemicals. However, there are few teachers' manual covering how to handle noxious chemicals. Therefore, in middle school curriculum the number of poisonous chemicals should be minimized as much as possible, and in case the toxic chemicals have to be used, teacher's guide book should state precautions on handling chemicals in detail. Also government should make it obligatory on schools to instate ventilator for chemical waste, or to transport the waste to proper disposal systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1098-1108
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• 2008

Batch type and column type experiments were performed in order to predict adsorption and movement within soil. Clay minerals montmorillonite and kaolinite were respectively added to paraquat which is a cationic compound with long residual time, 2,4-D which is an anionic compound with relatively short residual time and napropamide which is an amphoteric compound. Therefore, it is very important to determine the movements of toxic pollutants in the ground soil to establish measures to prevent soil grounds contamination and to restore contaminated soils effectively, because contamination of soil is getting severe due to these toxic wastes, industrial waste water, and agricultural chemicals, etc. Therefore, in this study, we have carried out column and batch experiments by using general toxic organic compounds as test samples in order to restore contaminated soils effectively as well as to prepare a basic data to develop absorbents that will remove various toxic organic compounds, with a grandiose purpose to prevent contaminations of soil and grounds due to various toxic organic compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.8 no.4 s.25
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• pp.8-14
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• 2004

Accidental releases of toxic gases heavily affect to the risk of process facilities. In this research, consequence analysis for accidental releases of ammonia and chlorine gases was studied using the risk based inspection, based on API-581 BRD. It was found out that consequence areas (toxic areas) decrease as temperature increases and as the pipe diameter and pressure decrease. For the same release condition, the toxic area by the release of chlorine gas was larger than that by the release of ammonia gas.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2011

Objectives : Our study aims to help users take the medicinal materials in a desirable manner by providing toxic and contraindicating information, based on the ontology of medicinal materials in traditional Korean medicine (TKM). Methods : The toxic and contraindicating data are extracted for 160 medicinal materials from 67 books published in Korea and China. The extracted data are linked to the medicinal material in the ontology, respectively. Results : We in this paper construct an ontology for toxic and contraindicating data of medicinal materials in traditional Korean medicine (TKM), extending our conventional ontology. Based on the ontology, we devised a web-based searching tool that enables users to share the toxic and contraindicating information of medicinal materials. Conclusions : The contents in our ontology are facts based on the books, while the addition of clinical knowledge may elaborate the ontology. Moreover, the addition of easy explanations for terminologies in our ontology is required to help users which are not familiar to TKM.