• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

The research measured 14 spots including four streetlights, five public buildings, and five officetels to obtain data needed for the improvement of townscape, grasping the characteristics of the design of landscape lighting of Dongdaeguro in Daegu Metropolitan city. The result of the research shows that landscape lighting by outside lightings of buildings had almost no effect and also it was formed with darker landscape lighting due to high buildings that had no effect of outside lighting. In addition, landscape lighting by streetlights have no unity due to different management facilities of the lightstreets.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2009

Because buildings which apply color that is various to concrete recently are introduced, value as design element of building is rising gradually in townscape. Even if expense is increased according as importance of concrete that have variety of design because do such social background and connection is emphasized, development of color concrete is pressing. Therefore, in this research, examined concrete physical & chemical characteristics by use of acid agent as part of research to embody diverse surface color of cement material. Here, embodiment of various color by unique color that stained hydrate has as that Color Concrete forms stained oxide that react with hydrate within concrete spreading stained agent that contain acid and metallic-ion in matrix that have cement ingredient on the surface is available.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.76-92
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• 1993

This paper is to propose an interpretation method of urban landscapes in Korea, which are formed and transformed in the course of modernization. As the theoretical basis, an extensive study is done to define the concepts of urban landscape; townscape in the architectonic terms, urban landscape in the cultural-geographical terms, and urban landscape in the landscape ecology are those scrutinized. As for the interpretation method, the landscape process that encompasses the spatio-temporal transformation, the causes and effects of morphogenesis, the contents and forms of landscape change are studied. The emphasis is placed on the reasons and process of the cultural change from the original landscapes toward the contemporary landscapes in the rapidly urbanizing area. With these basic concepts and interpretation method, an on-site case study of 'Inchon' that has been changed drastically since the late 19th century is done, of which results will be reported in the following article(II).

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

The Landscape Act was enacted in 2007 introducing a new procedure of the Local Landscape Agreement and the Local Landscape Improvement Projects. The act has granted local governments a legal basis to support residents participation activities in order to create, improve, and maintain the townscape quality of their neighborhood environments. The degree of utilization of this particular process, however, is far below the expectation. Partly, it is due to the lack of field experience and concrete guidelines for preparation and implementation in actual landscape planning process. This study aims to seek for detailed solution to lead the residents participation for local landscape improvement in Korea through consideration for institutional strategies and cases about the local landscape planning and management in Japan. Local landscape improvement projects in Japan are progressing successfully in concurrence with a variety of local participants such as residents participation, administrative supporting and supporting of local company. And it will be possible to support systematically with systematization of participants, such as NPO and a council.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2 s.115
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• pp.57-71
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find common characteristics in everyday landscape cognition that the residents share and to restore the resulting characteristics through citizen-participatory town design. Through the residents participatory workshop supported by the Gwangju Buk-gu District Autonomy and Citizen Academy of Gwangju YMCA, 304 people from eight administrative districts participated in three programs. In each program, photographed landscape images representing everyday conditions of the townscape were presented in several ways: in program 1, the residents' mental map was studied; in program 2, landscape images of real places were matched to locations on a map; and in program 3, the landscapes were scored on a scale from 1 to 5 according to five descriptive categories. The elements that were recognized as common landscape features were public facilities, pedestrian spaces, school areas, and parks and natural green spaces. Additional results including recognition of the participants affection for the village and a common landscape image shared by the people, as inhabitants looked around at the space of their own lives. It seems possible that more creative townscapes can be created by residents through participatory programs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to provide a townscape design guideline that harmonized with a historic landscape via condition investigation and landscape analysis of the cultural /commercial environment district where an improvement is a necessity. The followings are the conclusions: 1.To enhance the identity of Gyeongju, should pursue diversity in unity by making the image of architectural landscape a similar peculiarity. 2.The central commercial district where the tradition is valued and contemporary figures meet the tradition needs a landscape formation by CONTEXT. 3.Since a characteristic of the target area is a regional commercial center, to reduce its congestion, reforming the area to simple environment is required. 4.Induce buildings located on the streets with cultural properties to have Korean traditional tiled roof in order to fit in with their surroundings. 5.Make it a rule to partition a wall into tripartition, the wall surface exposed should be the same finishing materials. 6.Consider the visual aspect of pedestrians and a building's width, the recommendable height of the facade should be 3~3.6m. 7.For the design archetype of cornice, four traditional types based on Korean traditional eaves are suggested. 8.The design of signboards should break existing square-shapes, and seek a design to take advantage of icons that historicity and traditionalist of the city are expressed.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.113-140
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• 1995

This thesis is a historical research about the Foreign Settlement at Mokpo as the fourth among the Open Ports which express the historical characters of Korean Modern, as a city which did not exist before the Korean Modern. So I analyzed positively the process of establishment and the process of urban form during the period which contained the characters of Concession, from 1897 to 1910. Even though the urban basic form of the Foreign Settlement at Mokpo was planned by Korean Goverment, it's townscape was changed to Japanese style by Japanese since Mokpo port was opened. Because it had settled by Japanese residents which had majority. But I found that the urban form was not composed by the Modern urban planning theory or method, but by the existing conditions such as topography and roads. The center in the settlement had shifted from the front region of Japan Consulate to the East region which was in the vicinty of Korean village. And also former internal oriented urban form had changed to the relevant composition with Korean village. All the changes in the Foreign Settlement at Mokpo was made by the Japanese which had majority, and it is a good example which expresses Korean Modern history.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to focus on the townscape of Daegu based on the urban characteristics of the landscape cognition and images captured by citizens. The analysis was performed by the data obtained from questionnaires and interviews. This study methods were deals the cognition characteristics, landmark landscape, visual preference landscape, image and satisfaction. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The orders of cognition landscapes were estimated Apple＞ Weather＞ Texture＞ Mt.Palgong＞ Daegu Tower＞ Pretty Girl＞ Mt. Apsan＞ Dalsung Park＞ Conservative＞ Dongsung Road, etc. That is constructed Nonphysical elements(62.0%) and Physical elements(38.0%) 2. The orders of representative landscape(Landmark) in city were estimated Mt.Palgong＞ Daegu Tower＞ Gat Rock＞ Mt.Apsan＞ Dalsung Park, etc. As a whole middle and old people(over 30gen) preferenced as a history landscape or natural landscape, but youth people(10-20gen) preferenced as visible and interesting artifical places. 3. While the positive attitudes for the image of city were traditional(3.30), intimacy(3.58), and rest(2.90), the negative attitudes were unnewly(2.34), closing(2.37) and narrow(2.40). Also total satisfaction for that was estimated 5.51. 4. Psychological factors, related to the satisfaction of the image of city were composed of four factors, individuality character, pleasure character, amenity character, formation character. And the presumption formula of satisfaction was: Satisfaction = 5.477 ＋ 0.752(Individuality) ＋ 0.470(Pleasure) ＋ 0.413(Amenity) ＋ 0.241(Formation).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.62-70
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• 2012

This study investigated modern architectures adjacent to the road, which can be easily destroyed by economic logic. The purpose of this paper is to find the method to preserve and reuse as townscape. The research methods were used the literature survey and field research of modern architecture in Seoul, and compared with the current status. The result are as followings. Firstly, In order to preserve many architectural cultural properties, the policy related to cultural property should be improved. And, awareness of the individual about cultural property should be changed. Secondly, it has been analyzed that modern architecture can be divided into 3 types in the reuse, which is 'Succession Type', 'Change Type', and 'Extinction Type'. Most of the cases has been used for specific use. Therefore, we should be consider the method of the reuse which can accommodate the various contemporary use. Thirdly, the preservation of the appearance and facade, which is the optimal way to preserve at least the historicity of the city, would be suitable for the preservation of modern architecture adjacent to the road. Lastly, it has been analyzed that the cases can be divided into 2 types in the form of appearance, which is 'Modern Type' and 'Hanok Type'. And, common and individual design guidelines have made.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.65-74
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to analyze characteristics of street elements when pedestrians have a view in the street. The research was utilized eye-tracking experiment and two times survey before and after experiment. The experiment is composed as follows. The data collection was conducted two days period from March 30 to 31, 2017. There were 43 participants who were all male and undergraduate students. In the data recording, the stimulus image was presented 65 seconds on a 23-inch monitor. Prior to analyzing data, the images were represented into five elements of AOI(area of interest). The fixation rate was divided by a period such as 'fixation time' and 'fixation count' parameters. The results were additionally obtained by linking analysis with the area ratio of AOI, time series analysis, and questionnaire. First of all, both building signs and advertisement standing boards draws attentions in participants. From a comparison between fixation rate and survey, the data have negative perspective view. Second, the advertisement standing boards are more eye-catching than other elements regardless of AOI size. It shows the priority of elements what should be developed in the environment. Third, the pavement is rarely seen in the fixation rate. Fourth, the trees are not a long frequency but viewed as a positive element. People want to keep the natural site in the street. In summative research, this method of extracting eye movement data would be provided a foundation data for developing streetscape plan based on scientific factors.