• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.497-499
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• 2004

Due to a typhoon named MAEMI on Sep12, 2004, 7 transmission towers collapsed and 3 were damaged in the Gyeongnam and Busan areas. These caused long-term black-outs in Goeje-do. When a transmission tower collapses or is damaged, Construction will take more than 2 months and this will be accompanied by long-term black-outs. Therefore a temporary iron pole is used in such emergencies. Current temporary rehabilitation angle steel iron Pole consistes of around 800 members, 2,800 bolts and it takes about 5 days to construct a temporary transmission line. Consiquently wide black-outs occur during the construction of the temporary transmission line. To reduce black-out time, the construction period must be reduced as much as possible. This paper presents new methods to reduce temporary transmission line construction time to within 48 hours by applying a self-reliance assembling method instead of the current man power assembling method and by modulizing each angle steel with duralumin.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.967-988
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• 2016

Due to the significant aerodynamic interference from sub-towers and surrounding tall buildings, the wind loads and dynamic responses on main tower of three-tower connected tall building typically change especially compared with those on the isolated single tall building. This paper addresses the wind load effects and equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs) of three-tower connected tall building based on measured synchronous surface pressures in a wind tunnel. The variations of the global shape coefficients and extremum wind loads of main tower structure with or without interference effect under different wind directions are studied, pointing out the deficiency of the traditional wind loads based on the load codes for the three-tower connected tall building. The ESWLs calculation method based on elastic restoring forces is proposed, which completely contains the quasi-static item, inertia item and the coupled effect between them. Then the wind-induced displacement and acceleration responses for main tower of three-tower connected tall building in the horizontal and torsional directions are investigated, subsequently the structural basal and floor ESWLs under different return periods, wind directions and damping ratios are studied. Finally, the action mechanism of interference effect on structural wind effects is investigated. Main conclusions can provide a sientific basis for the wind-resistant design of such three-tower connected tall building.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 1991

For the reliability analysis of offshore guyed towers for large storm events, failure of an anchor pile of the guyline system is investigated. Two failure modes of the anchor pile due to the extreme and the cyclic wave loadings are considered. The probability of failure due to the extreme anchor load is evaluated based on the first excursion probability analysis. Degradation of the pile capacity due to cyclic loadings is evaluated by using empirical fatigue curves for a driven pile in clay. The numerical results indicate that the failure probability due to the cyclic loadings can be as large as the risk due to extreme loading, particularly for the cases with the low design safety level of the pile strength and the large uncertainty of the pile resistance.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.271-291
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• 2016

There is much architectural and engineering literature which discusses the virtues of exterior bracing and diagrid systems in regards to sustainability - two systems which generally reduce building materials, enhance structural performance, and decrease overall construction cost. By surveying past, present as well as possible future towers, this paper examines another attribute of these structural systems - the blend of structural functionality and aesthetics. Given the external nature of these structural systems, diagrids and exterior bracings can visually communicate the inherent structural logic of a building while also serving as a medium for artistic effect. Viewed in this light, the visual appeal of these systems can be enhanced to give a tower a more distinct urban identity. This entails the creation of structural elements that are aesthetically pleasing, geometrically coherent and that demonstrate dexterity of application in regards to a building's composition, while also respecting the laws of physics and mechanics. In this fashion, an artistic approach can exhibit structural systems as not just purely rational features that enable the construction of tall buildings, but as important visual components that afford opportunities for creative expression. This paper, therefore, synthesizes the concepts of structural performance and creative artistry to facilitate a better understanding of the aesthetic developments in skyscrapers worldwide.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2010

This paper presents both of an investigation on the ultimate responses and a verification study on the structural methodology using beam-truss element of steel transmission towers using experimental study. The partially scaled tower which verified with analytical model was fabricated and the horizontal load was applied up to failure in the laboratory. The structural methodology for finite element analyses was verified against experimental results and both the ultimate load capacity and collapse mechanism were shown in the test to give sufficiently accurate results with those of analytical study. It was shown as well that the ultimate failure is primarily attributed to instability of the main posts in the leg parts.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2008

Cooling tower is an important equipment of the cooling systems for large buildings like factory and department store. Water used for cooling in cooling tower is reused continuously. If the water is polluted, corrosion and scale can happen at equipments and pipes. In order to prevent this problem, it is necessary to control the water quality using chemicals. To control the water quality, an automatic control system is designed, fabricated, and experimented. The control system is based on an imbedded microcontroller. Relays are used for power driving, an LCD and LED for display, and RS485 for remote data acquisition. Monitoring program is also developed for easy man-machine interface and extraction of data stored in the imbedded processor and EEPROM. The control system calculates amounts of chemicals necessary using sensor data and injects the chemicals into the cooling tower on proper time. The developed water quality control system is expected to reduce cost of maintenance and extend the lifetime of the cooling systems with low cost.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1319-1327
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• 2015

As wind power farm (WPF) installations continue to grow, monitoring and controlling large-scale WPFs presents new challenges. In this paper, a hierarchical network architecture is proposed in order to provide remote monitoring and control of large-scale WPFs. The network architecture consists of three levels, including the WPF comprised of wind turbines and meteorological towers, local control center (LCC) responsible for remote monitoring and control of wind turbines, and a central control center (CCC) that offers data collection and aggregation of many WPFs. Different scenarios are considered in order to evaluate the performance of the WPF communications network with its hierarchical architecture. The communications network within the WPF is regarded as the local area network (LAN) while the communication among the LCCs and the CCC happens through a wide area network (WAN). We develop a communications network model based on an OPNET modeler, and the network performance is evaluated with respect to the link bandwidth and the end-to-end delay measured for various applications. As a result, this work contributes to the design of communications networks for large-scale WPFs.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.193-208
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• 2008

This paper focuses on assessing the failure of one of the transmission towers that collapsed in Winnipeg, Canada, as a result of a microburst event. The study is conducted using a fluid-structure numerical model that was developed in-house. A major challenge in microburst-related problems is that the forces acting on a structure vary with the microburst parameters including the descending jet velocity, the diameter of the event and the relative location between the structure and the jet. The numerical model, which combines wind field data for microbursts together with a non-linear finite element formulation, is capable of predicting the progressive failure of a tower that initiates after one of its member reaches its capacity. The model is employed first to determine the microburst parameters that are likely to initiate failure of a number of critical members of the tower. Progressive failure analysis of the tower is then conducted by applying the loads associated with those critical configurations. The analysis predicts a collapse of the conductors cross-arm under a microburst reference velocity that is almost equal to the corresponding value for normal wind load that was used in the design of the structure. A similarity between the predicted modes of failure and the post event field observations was shown.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.221-236
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• 2017

In this study, the feasibility of vibration-based damage alarming algorithms are numerically evaluated for wind turbine tower structures which are subjected to harmonic force excitation. Firstly, the algorithm of vibration-based damage alarming for the wind turbine tower (WTT) is visited. The natural frequency change, modal assurance criterion (MAC) and frequency-response-ratio assurance criterion (FRRAC) are utilized to recognize changes in dynamic characteristics due to a structural damage. Secondly, a finite element model based on a real wind turbine tower is established in a structural analysis program, Midas FEA. The harmonic force is applied at the rotor level as presence of excitation. Several structural damage scenarios are numerically simulated in segmental joints of the wind turbine model. Finally, the natural frequency change, MAC and FRRAC algorithm are employed to identify the structural damage occurred in the finite element model. The results show that these criteria could be used as promising damage existence indicators for the damage alarming in wind turbine supporting structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.567-577
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• 2017

The traditional design procedure of a prestressed concrete (PC) cable-stayed bridge is complex and time-consuming. The designers have to repeatedly modify the configuration of the large number of design parameters to obtain a feasible design scheme which maybe not an economical design. In order to efficiently achieve an optimum design for PC cable-stayed bridges, a multi-parameter optimization technique is proposed. In this optimization technique, the number of prestressing tendons in girder is firstly set as one of design variables, as well as cable forces, cable areas and cross-section sizes of the girders and the towers. The stress and displacement constraints are simultaneously utilized to ensure the safety and serviceability of the structure. The target is to obtain the minimum cost design for a PC cable-stayed bridge. Finally, this optimization technique is carried out by a developed PC cable-stayed bridge optimization program involving the interaction of the parameterized automatically modeling program, the finite element structural analysis program and the optimization algorithm. A low-pylon PC cable-stayed bridge is selected as the example to test the proposed optimization technique. The optimum result verifies the capability and efficiency of the optimization technique, and the significance to optimize the number of prestressing tendons in the girder. The optimum design scheme obtained by the application can achieve a 24.03% reduction in cost, compared with the initial design.