• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 1974

The relation between yield or total dry matter yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or silica uptake was investigated according to simple or multiple correlation coefficients, and multiple regression equations. 1. Simple correlation coefficient was always higher with total dry matter yield than with grain yield and highest with N in no nitrogen (0-6-8) or no fertilizer (0-0-0) plot, with P in no phosphorus plot (10-0-8) but lowest with K in no potassium plot (10-6-0). 2. Multiple correlation coefficient was always higher than simple correlation and the same is true with including Si as one more variation. There was clear trend that multiple correlation coefficient was highest in no fertilizer plot and lowest in no potassium plot. 3. Simple correlation coefficient with P was higher in the warm year in which P uptake and fertilizer-P use efficiency were higher while it with K was higher in the cool year in which K uptake and fertilizer-K use efficiency were higher. Nitrogen and silicate followed potassiuum. But partial regression coefficients of N. P. K and Si with yield were mostly significant only in the warm year. 4. Partial regression coefficient of K was negative in many cases with yield but significant positive value with total dry matter yield. 5. Partial regression coefficients of N. P and K were decreased when Si was included and the decrease was great in P. 6. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level partial regression coefficient was increased in N but decreased in P, and no consistency in K or Si. 7. According to single or multiple correlation coefficients and partial regression coefficients the contribution of nutrient to grain yield appears to be in the order of N > Si > P > K and to total dry matter yield in the order of N > K > Si > P, indicating that N is the main factor and others are closely related to each other throughout to N. The superiority of N was also proved by frequency pattern of relative yield.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1200-1204
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• 1999

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of urea treatment of rice and wheat straw on feed intake, dry matter (DM) digestibility and milk yield of lactation buffaloes in their late lactation under farmers' management conditions in the western hills of Nepal during 1995 and 1997. Dry matter intake (DMI) from urea treated rice and wheat straw was not improved significantly (p<0.05) nor the total DMI of the lactating buffaloes was improved significantly. However, feeding urea treated rice straw increased straw DMI by 14.2% and total DMI by 10.63% units over the untreated rice straw. Similarly, the increase in straw and total DMI were 20.18 and 17.40% units over the untreated wheat straw fed animals. Although there was no significant effect of urea treatment of both straw on DM digestibility, it was higher for treated than untreated straw at all locations. An overall increment of 18.1% units for rice straw and 13.3% units for wheat straw was observed. There was a significant effect (p<0.01) of feeding urea treated rice and wheat straw on the milk yield of lactating buffaloes during late lactation under farmers conditions. Post experiment milk yield was also significantly (p<0.05) higher for the animals fed treated straw in both the experiments. Buffalo milk yield was also significantly affected by breed (p<0.01), location (p<0.01) and parity (p<0.01) of the animals. General response of the farmers about the technology and their observed effect on animal performance was also very positive.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to find out among 9 trap settings the most appropriate site for trap placement in the Brinjal field based on Brinjal shoot and fruit borer trapping efficiency, shoot and fruit infestation, healthy and total fruit yield, and BCR. The efficiency of different trap setting positions varied significantly. Trapping efficiency observed the $T_{1}$ ensured the minimum shoot and fruit infestation 10.02% and 20.95%, respectively, minimum infested fruit yield (4.75 ton/ha), maximum healthy and total fruit yield (26.72 and 31.47 ton/ha) and the maximum BCR (1.70), which was followed by $T_{2}$ and $T_{4}$. The minimum trapping efficiency of $T_{9}$ treatment led the maximum shoot and fruit infestation 13.89 and 29.26%, respectively, maximum infested fruit yield (7.59 ton/ha), minimum healthy and total fruit yield (17.74 and 25.32 ton/ha) and the minimum BCR (1.00). A correlation between the number of BSFB adults trapped from the most efficient trap setting and the shoot and fruit infestation recorded and found a linear positive correlation between number of BSFB adults trapped and shoot infestation (r = 0.781) and fruit infestation (r = 0.810). The effect of pheromone trap positions observed in this study may be attributed to the easy accessibility of the lures and traps, when they are placed at the canopy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.516-519
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing whole crop corn silage (WCCS) with whole crop rice silage (WCRS) in the total mixed ration (TMR) on nutrient intake, milk yield and its composition in Holstein cows. The Chucheong rice variety (Oryza sativa L. Japonica) and corn (Pioneer 32 P75) were harvested at yellow-ripe stage and were ensiled in round bales and in trench silos, respectively. Two TMR containing either WCCS or WCRS were prepared. These diets were randomly assigned to 16 midlactating Holstein cows (8 cows per treatment) and were fed for 120 days. The first 20 days were used for dietary adaptation and for the next 100 days daily feed intake, milk yield and its composition were recorded. The pH, lactic acid, NDF, ADF, CP, Ca and P contents were similar in WCRS and WCCS. The DM, ash and EE contents of WCRS were greater compared with WCCS. Nutrient (DM, NDF, TDN and CP) intakes were similar in cows fed WCCS- and WCRS-based TMR. Daily and 4% fat corrected milk yield were not affected by the treatments. Milk composition (percent milk fat, protein, lactose and total solids) was similar in cows fed either WCCS- or WCRSbased TMR. The concentration of milk urea N was greater in cows fed WCRS-based TMR than those fed WCCS-based TMR. In conclusion, round-baled WCRS can replace WCCS in the diet of mid- to late-lactating Holsteins without any deleterious effects on feed consumption, milk yield and its composition. The present findings raise the possibility that WCRS can be used as an alternative roughage source in the diets of dairy cows in countries with surplus rice production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.658-664
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine a proper feeding regime for lactating Holstein cows during the warm season in Taiwan. In Feeding Trial, 21 lactating Holstein cows were randomly allotted into three feeding regimes in a Completely Randomized Design. The feeding regimes were roughage fed ad libitum along with concentrate fed either twice daily (2C) or four times daily (4C), and total mixed ration (TMR) for 8 weeks. No significant differences among the three feeding regimes were found in body weight changes, and intakes in terms of dry matter, crude protein and net energy. For milk yield and 4% FCM yield, 4C were higher than the other two feeding regimes (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in milk compositions or differences noted in the yields of the respective milk components. TMR was worse than 2C and 4C (p<0.05) in milk production efficiencies in terms of dry matter intake per kg milk yield, crude protein intake per kg milk protein yield, as well as dry matter intake, net energy intake and crude protein intake per kg 4% FCM yield. Three ruminally fistulated Holstein dry cows were randomly assigned into the same three feeding regimes in a 3${\times}$3 Latin Square Design. No significant differences were found among the feeding regimes in ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen, total VFA concentration, molar percentages of VFA, and acetic acid: propionic acid ratio (C$_2$/C$_3$). Taken all together, roughage fed ad libitum and concentrate fed four times daily was the better feeding regime for lactating cows during the warm season in Taiwan.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.330-335
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• 2011

The mode of inheritance of total milk yield and its genetic parameters were investigated in Churra dairy sheep through segregation analyses using a Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) method. Data which consisted of 7,126 lactations belonging to 5,154 ewes were collected between 1999 and 2002 from 15 Spanish Churra dairy flocks. A postulated major gene was assumed to be additive and priors used for variance components were uniform. Based on 50 000 Gibbs samples from ten replicates chains of 100,000 cycles, the estimated marginal posterior means${\pm}$posterior standard deviations of variance components of milk yield were $23.17{\pm}18.42$, $65.20{\pm}25.05$, $120.40{\pm}42.12$ and $420.83{\pm}40.26$ for major gene variance ($\sigma_G^2$), polygenic variance ($\sigma_u^2$), permanent environmental variance ($\sigma_{pe}^2$) and error variance ($\sigma_e^2$), respectively. The results of this study showed the postulated major locus was not significant, and the 95% highest posterior density regions ($HPDs_{95%}$) of most major gene parameters included 0, and particularly for the major gene variance. The estimated transmission probabilities for the 95% highest posterior density regions ($HPDs_{95%}$) were overlapped. These results indicated that segregation of a major gene was unlikely and that the mode of inheritance of total milk yield in Churra dairy sheep is purely polygenic. Based on 50,000 Gibbs samples from ten replicates chains of 100,000 cycles, the estimated polygenic heritability and repeatability were $h^2=0.20{\pm}0.05$ and r=$0.34{\pm}0.06$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2010

Sweet pepper inbred lines (KNU1003, KNU1006, KNU1007, KNU1009, KNU1015, KNU1017 and KNU2006) developed at Kangwon National University (KNU) through conventional means, inbred lines (5AVS1, 5AVS2, 5AVS3, 5AVS5, 5AVS7 and 5AVS8) collected at Rural Development Administration (RDA) and inbred lines (SP12, SP27 and SP14) derived from anther culture were used as female parents and anther culture derived homozygous lines (SP9, SP10, SP14, SP24, SP25, SP27, SP30, SP32, SP34, SP38, SP43, SP45 and SP51) were used as male parents to produce $F_1$ hybrids. A total of 37 $F_1$ hybrids were evaluated for fruit yield and quality characters in summer season, 2007. Variation in fruit number, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit volume was observed among the $F_1$ hybrids. Superiority on yield over standard/commercial varieties were differed among $F_1$ hybrids. Hybrid $5AVS8{\times}SP45$ exhibited highest heterosis over Special (16.5%) and Fiesta (24.7%). Fruit quality characters (fruit length, fruit width, pericarp thickness, total soluble solid, fruit shape and fruit color) were varied among the $F_1$ hybrids. Fruit number, fruit weight and fruit volume per plant were correlated with fruit yield. Based on the standard heterosis expressed by the hybrids and quality characters evaluation, $KNU1017{\times}SP27$, $5AVS1{\times}SP43$, $5AVS5{\times}SP27$, $5AVS8{\times}SP45$, $SP12{\times}SP38$ and $SP27{\times}SP25$ hybrids were found to be superior over commercial cultivars and are selected. Inbred lines of these hybrid combinations can be used to produce $F_1$ hybrid seed for commercial production.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 2009

Studies on the effect of different secondary nutrients in different doses on the leaf yield and biochemical constituents of Terminalia tomentosa revealed that secondary nutrients have promotary effect in increasing the leaf yield and foliar constituents of Terminalia tomentosa. Among all the treatments under study, foliar application of magnesium sulphate (2g/plant, w/v) is the best in respect of leaf yield and biochemical constituents of T. tomentosa. This treatment gave 29.15% increase in leaf yield over control. Chemoassay results further confirmed significant improvement in biochemical constituents. Except crude fibre, moisture, minerals, crude protein and total carbohydrate increased significantly over control.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2013

An attempt was made on pulp production from the fast growing plant, Acacia hybrid to determine the total yield, screened yield, Kappa number, and fibre morphology of organosolv Acacia hybrid pulp. Uniform-sized chips were taken to undergo pulping in a digester with five different concentrations of ethanol, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% (v/v) with 1 M of sodium hydroxide as catalyst. All chips were digested in a temperature-controlled digester with constant amount of water added and temperature of $185^{\circ}C$ with the duration of three hours cooking time and correspond pressure 1.1-1.2 MPa. It was observed that increasing of ethanol concentration has led to pulp yield increment and decreased in the degree of delignification at the same time. This study was aimed to focus on the effect of the varied concentration of organic solvent towards the pulp yield and its relationship with Kappa number and pulp yield.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.3012-3017
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• 2021

The spatial distribution and the energy spectrum of the neutron yield were investigated with the neutron activation analysis and MCNP simulation was carried out to verify the analysis results and to extend the results to a 3D mapping of the neutron yield distribution in the KSTAR. High purity Ni specimen was selected in the neutron activation analysis. Total neutron yields turned out to be 3.76 × 10¹² n/s - 7.56 × 10¹² n/s at the outer vessel of the KSTAR, two orders of magnitude lower than those at the inner vessel of the KSTAR, which demonstrates the attenuation of neutron yield while passing through the different structural materials of the reactor. Based on the fully expanded 3D simulation results, 2D cross-sectional distributions of the neutron yield on XY and ZX planes of KSTAR were examined. The results reveal that the neutron yield has its maximum concentration near the center of blanket and decreases with increasing proximity to the vacuum vessel wall.