• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1991

The lipid fractions, lipid classes and free fatty acids in total lipids from cheese and soybeans were analyzed by column, thin-layer and gas chromatographies. The percentages of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid in cheese were 96.2, 1.1 and 0.7, whereas those in soybeans were 87.5, 0.5 and 4.3. Major lipid classes of total lipid, and neutral lipid were triglyceride, fatty acid, cholesterol, diglyceride, monoglyceride and polar lipid, and those of glycolipid and phospholipid were triglyceride, diglyceride, monoglyceride and polar lipid in total lipid from cheese. Large amounts of triglyceride and polar lipid and small amounts of diglyceride, monoglyceride and polar lipid were detected in all lipid fractions from soybeans. The higher proportion of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids were found in total lipid from cheese, whereas those of C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids were found in total lipid from soybeans. Most predominant fatty acids are C16:0 for the total lipid of cheese and C18:2 for the total lipid of soybeans. The lower proportions of C14:1, C15:0, C17:0 and C20:0 fatty acids in total lipid from cheese and C4:0, C6:0, C10:0 and C18:0 in total lipid from soybeans were detected.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics in elderly population with obesity by analyzing their blood test. Methods: Included 130 subjects of aged 60 or older went through body composition test, and blood test. We divided them into obesity group and normal group based on body mass index (BMI) results, and then the blood test results were compared between the groups. Results: Forty out of 130 subjects had BMI of 25 or more. Two groups showed significant difference in bilirubin total, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol total, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrite, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelet. All but HDL levels showed significantly higher results in obesity group than normal group. When compared with BMI, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT, cholesterol total, triglyceride, white blood cell (WBC), and RBC had significant positive correlations. Among those, cholesterol total, triglyceride, WBC, and RBC showed significant difference between two groups, with correlation to BMI. Especially, the average of triglyceride was higher than normal limit in obesity group, whereas it was lower than normal limit in normal group. Conclusions: Triglyceride, cholesterol total, WBC, and RBC are highly related to obese elderly in this study. Old people with obesity need to be careful of cardiovascular and metabolic disease that can be caused by these factors.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2008

This study was performed to find and compare the characteristics of dietary factors and obesity indices on serum lipid profiles using 407 healthy adult males that had physical examinations conducted at the general hospital located in Suwon. The subjects were divided 56.3% for the normal group, 16.7% for TG, 14.5% for TC and 12.5% for TC TG group, respectively. When comparing the blood lipid profiles to normal group, TC group was high in both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, TG group was high in triglyceride and low in HDL-cholesterol, TC TG group was high in triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and low in HDL-cholesterol. In comparison of blood lipid profiles with normal group, among anthropometric factors, body weigh, BMI (Body Mass Index) and WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) showed significant differences. TC group was high in both total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and TG group was high in triglyceride and low in HDL-cholesterol. TC TG group was high in triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and was low in HDL-cholesterol. Body weigh of TG group was significantly higher than that of normal group (p<0.05). BMI and WHR of TG group and TC TG group were significantly higher than those of normal group (p<0.05). Total cholesterol was mainly related to the intake of animal lipids and alcoholic beverage. Serum triglyceride levels were closely related with lipid intake and high BMI in this group. In TC TG group, BMI and WHR were high. As well, serum LDL-cholesterol was high and HDL-cholesterol was low which indicates TC TG group had the most undesirable blood lipid profiles. Therefore, it may be necessary to manage BMI and WHR to prevent hyperlipidemia and obesity for adult males in Suwon.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2010

The study examined the effects of dietary green tea powder supplementation on blood glucose, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations in diabetic rats. Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight $200{\pm}5\;g$) were divided into two groups (diabetic and non-diabetic), which were each randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed a control and 1% green tea powder-supplemented diet. Serum and liver lipid concentrations were measured by established techniques. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated from an established equation. Body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were lower in diabetic rats than in non-diabetic rats regardless of diet. There were no differences in weight gain in diabetic and non-diabetic rats consuming the control and green tea powder-supplemented diets. The levels of fasting plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and atherogenic index of diabetic rats were significantly higher than that of non-diabetic rats. Conversely, the levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) of diabetic rats was significantly lower than that of non-diabetic rats. Fasting plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and atherogenic index were significantly lower in diabetic rats fed the green tea powder diet than in rats fed the control diet, and HDL-C was significantly higher in rats fed the green tea powder diet than in rats fed the control diet. The content of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride of diabetic rats were significantly higher than that of non-diabetic rats. Liver total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in diabetic rats fed green tea powder-supplemented diet than in rats fed the control diet. It is concluded that green tea powder supplementation positively influences blood glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats. The present study, although not directly applicable to humans, may have some implications for individuals who habitually consume green tea powder.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2004

To determine the effects of caloric restriction on obese type 2 diabetes we measured body blood glucose and serum lipid level in dietary restricted Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats (obese diabetic rats) and Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (control rats) were grouped into 2 groups; control (free feed) group and 30% caloric restricted (30% CR) group. At 24 weeks of age the 30% CR animals were provided a diet at a level of 30% less food (by weight) than control rats consumed during the previous week. Blood glucose levels and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels of CR rats were determined every 2 weeks for 8 weeks total. Blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of OLETF rats were significantly higher compared to LETO rats. In OLETF rats, the blood glucose levels were decreased to 61% by 8 weeks in the 30% CR compared to the non-CR control group, but changes of blood glucose levels were not observed in LETO rats during the 8weeks in the 30% CR. The serum triglyceride levels of OLETF rats were decreased significantly in the 30% CR but no change in the serum of LETO rats was found. The total cholesterol level was not changed by dietary restriction in LETO rats, but significant changes were observed in OLETF rats by 30% dietary restriction. HDL-cholesterol levels were also increased by dietary restriction in both LETO and OLETF rats. These results suggested that elevated blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in diabetes II patients may be reduced by caloric restriction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.497-501
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• 2000

We investigated the effect of tea fungus/kombucha(TF) beverage on serum and liver lipid metabolism in growing male rats. The rats(Sprague-Dawley) were divided into five groups; control(TF free water), 20 or 40% TF groups(20 or 40% TF in water) and 20 or 40% TFS groups(20 or 40% TF autoclaved in water) according to the level of TF supplementation. The rats were fed ad libitum each of the experimental beverage for 7 weeks. The body weight gain of all the TF and TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The total lipid and triglyceride concentrations of serum in the 40% TF group were increased more than those in the control group, but those in the 20% TF and 20% TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations, HDL-cholesterol / total cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index of serum in all the TF and TFS groups were similar to those of the control group. The LDL-cholesterol concentration of serum was significantly lower in the 20% TF group than that in the control group. The LDL-cholesterol concentration of serum was significantly lower in the 20% TF group than that in the control group, but those of the 40% TF, 20% TFS and 40% TFS groups were similar to that of the control group. The liver weights of all the TF and TFS groups were heavier than that of the control group. The concentrations of hepatic triglyceride in the 20% TF and 20% TFS groups were significantly decreased, compared with that in the control group. The concentrations of hepatic total cholesterol in all the TF and TFS groups were significantly more decreased than that in the control group. These results indicated that the liver weights of tea fungus/kombucha beverage feeding rats were increased, also the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of 40% TF feeding rats were increased. but the serum LDL-cholesterol, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels of 20% TF feeding rats were decreased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 1997

The effects of diet induced hyperlipidemia on kidney function were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats fed high fat diet containing 20% beef tallow and high cholesterol diet containing 5% cholesterol for 8, 12, 16 weeks, respectively. The concentrations of serum total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly high cholesterol diet groups during all experimental periods (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol concentration was the lowest value in high cholesterol diet group of 16 weeks(p<0.05). Triglyceride concentration was not affected by experimental diets. Serum total protein, albumin and creatinine concentration tended to higher in high cholesterol diet groups than those in high fat diet groups. And serum urea-N concentration was higher in high fat diet group of 16 weeks than that in other diet groups. Urinary total protein and urea-N were higher in high cholesterol diet groups than those in other diet groups regardless of experimental period period. There was no significant difference in urinary creatinine concentratin among diet groups(p<0.05). GFR was lower in high cholesterol diet groups than that in high fat diet groups at 8, 16 weeks, respectively. Wet weight per body weight, total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol concentations of liver tissue were apparently high in high cholesterol diet groups(p<0.05). Kidney wet weight per body weight wer not affected by experimently diets, total lipid concentration of kidney tissue was significantly high in high fat diet groups of 12 weeks(p<0.05), kidney tissue triglyceride concentrations of high cholesterol diet groups of 12, 16 weeks apparently low, and total cholesterol concentration of kidney tissue was higher in experimental diet groups than that of control groups at 12, 16 weeks(p<0.05). Fecal excretion, total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations of feces were markedly high in all high cholesterol diet groups except high fat diet group of 16 weeks. The results of light microscopic examination indicated that glomerulosclerosis was not obsrved in rats fed experimental diets.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 1984

The effect of Red ginseng saponin on plasma lipid levels in Wistar rats fed on a diet high in cholesterol and triglyceride was determined. A dose of Red ginseng-crude saponin (150 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 4 weeks to Wistar rats fed on a diet containing 2% cholesterol and 10% olive oil. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were measured and lipoproteins were analyzed by using electrophoretic technique. Red ginseng saponin showed no significant changes of HDL-cholesterol level but it lowered plasma levels of total cholesterol and elevate those of triglyceride intensively.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.177-196
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• 2006

Objective : This experimental study was designed to determine the effects of BPT on obesity in vivo and in vitro. Methods : in vitro, BPTn extracts of various concentration(50, 100, 200 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) were added in 3T3-L1 cell. Adipocyte differentiation was measured by Oil Red O staining and Morphological examination. The expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ receptor was measured by western blot assay and RT-PCR in vivo, Rats were orally administered BPT daily for consecutive four weeks before poloxamer-407 induced hyperlipidemic state. The rats were sacrificed 24 hrs later for poloxamer-407 treated and then serum triglyceride, total cholesterol were measured ; Rats were orally administered BPT daily for consecutive four weeks before triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemic state. The rats were sacrificed 40 hrs later for triton WR-1339 treated and then serum triglyceride, total cholesterol were measured ; Rats with obesity were induced by the high fat-diet for six weeks and then serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, hydroxy radical, superoxide dismuatse activity were measured. Results : In vitro, The 3T3-L1 cells' differentiation was significantly decreased by BPT. The expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $C/EBP{\beta}$ was decreased by BPT. In vivo, BPT significantly reduced serum triglyceride, total cholesterol contents in poloxamer-407 treated rat. BPT significantly reduced serum triglyceride contents in Triton WR-1339 treated rat. Total cholesterol also reduced but did not show a significant change. BPT significantly reduced body weight gain of rat and adipose tissue mass of rats and serum triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol contents and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol, HTR(HDL-cholesterol/Total-cholesterol) in rats with obesity induced by the high fat-diet. BPT reduced blood lipid peroxide, hydroxy radical and increased superoxide dismuatse(SOD) activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 1996

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of Composite Preparation (Sam Whang Sasim-Tang: SWST, Whang Ryun Haedok-Tang: WRHT) on the activities of GOT and GPT, the content of total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol. Phospholipid and ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ in the serum, and the change ratio of body and liver weight in the experimentally induced hyperlipemic rats, making use of the extract 150, 200, 300 and 500 mg/kg p.o. Significant test was performed by comparision with the values of corresponding experimentally hyperlipemic rats. The activities of S-GPT was significantly decreased in all dose of SWST and WRHT respectively. The activities of S-GPT was significantly decreased in dose of SWST 500 mg/kg and in all dose of WRHT respectively. The content of total lipids, triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly decreased in all dose of two the extract. The rate of decrease on total lipids and triglyceride were remarkable in dose of SWST 300, 500 mg/kg and WRHT 200, 500 mg/kg, and then the content of total cholesterol was more remarkable in dose SWST 300, 500 mg/kg, and WRHT 150, 300 mg/kg, and the content of phospholipids was more remarkable in dose of the extract 150, 200 and 300 mg/kg. The content of ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ was significantly decreased in dose of WRHT 150, 200 and in all dose of SWST. Increase ratio of the body and liver weight were significantly decreased in dose of two the extract 300, 500 mg/kg respectively.