• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.276-282
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• 2015

Seasonal variation in the contents of sugars (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) in the floret, leaf, and stem of broccoli were studied in ten commercial broccoli cultivars. Plants were grown in the spring and fall seasons in 2011. In both seasons, glucose was the major constituent, comprising about 50% of the total sugar content in the floret and leaf tissue of most cultivars, whereas the broccoli stem showed an unusual pattern of accumulation. Sucrose exhibited greater cultivar dependency as well as seasonal variation compared to fructose and glucose in floret and leaf tissues. The floret tissue had a higher total content of sugar in the spring compared to the fall due to an increase in glucose and fructose. However, most of the leaf and stem tissues of broccoli had a higher total sugar content in the fall compared to the spring. Furthermore, stem and leaf tissues possessed a relatively higher total sugar content compared to floret tissue in both seasons. 'Grandeur' broccoli contained a significantly greater amount of total sugar in both floret and leaf tissues in both seasons, whereas 'YuDoRi No.1' broccoli exhibited the highest total content of sugar in stem tissue. At overall, the results showed significant influences of genotype, plant part and growing season on sugar content in broccoli.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1991

These studies were conducted to investigate the changes of starch, sugar and nicotine content in relation to maturity and cultural conditions and correlation between growth characteristics and chemical components in order to improve the leaf quality. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Nicotine content, total nitrogen content and the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine of the green leaf were increased with heavier fertilizer, wider planting space and lower topping, whereas starch, total sugar and the ratio of sugar to nicotine were decreased. 2. Starch content, sugar content and the ratio of total sugar to nicotine(T-S/Nic) in the cured leaf were decreased with milder planting space, less application of MH and delaying harvesting date. 3. It was estimated that 58.1% of starch of the harvested leaf was converted into sugar of the cured leaf, and also they were significantly correlated each other.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of cultural practices on the nicotine and sugar contents in flue-cured tobacco(NC82), and the relationship between them. Significant reduction I sugar content and ratio of total sugar to nicotine(ratio, S/N) were observed with increased fertilizer, lower topping height, late transplanting and decreased application of male hydrazide(MH). Significant increases were observed in nicotine content with increased fertilizer and lower topping height. A positive correlation was found between total sugar content and plant density. A negative correlation was found between nicotine and total sugar contents for 8-years. An increase of 1.0% nicotine in the cured leaf would result in a 4.8% reduction in total sugar. The most desirable contents were 2.7% for nicotine and 19.0% for total sugar(S/N=7).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2003

To investigate the effects of reduction of leaf processing factories on the uniformity of processed leaf quality, the contents and their C.V.(Coefficient of Variation) of chemical constituents of flue-cured leaf tobacco produced from 1997 to 2001 and processed at various factories were analysed. The average leaf chemical contents of 12 grades for 5 years ranged as follows ; nicotine 2.00∼0.85%. total sugar 10.7∼16.9%, total nitrogen 2.36∼2.78%, crude ash 14.6∼15.6% and chlorine 0.50∼0.75%. The variations of chemical contents among crop years was higher in total sugar content while lower in crude ash content. The C.V. of chemical content in same grade leaves was higher in chlorine content while lower in total nitrogen and crude ash contents, and the ratio of C.V. among processing factories/C.V. in total population was higher in total sugar content while lower in crude ash content. When the leaves were processed at one factory, the deviations of chemical contents reduced considerably. Particularly, the decreasing effect of deviation was higher in total sugar content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.192-192
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• 2022

Sweetpotato is rich in starch, which is converted to sugar during storage due to enzymatic hydrolysis. The sugar content of sweetpotato is a component related to taste and storability. In this study, the sugar content (fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose and total sugar content) of 94 genotypes was evaluated and the GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study) was conducted to search for candidate genes for sugar content. The fructose and glucose content were 0.2 ~ 8.8 and 0.2 ~ 9.4 g/100g, respectively. The maltose, sucrose and total sugar content were 0.2 ~ 9.1,3.2 - 30.0 and 7.9 ~ 40.2 g/100g, respectively. The fructose and glucose showed a positive correlation (0.98). The 94 genotypes were genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and aligned against the reference genome sequences of sweetpotato. The GBS libraries from 94 genotypes were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeqXten system, and 1,339,892 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) were generated. Filtering for < 60% missing rate and > 0.05 minor allele frequency resulted in a total of 44,255 SNPs used in GWAS. The GAPIT (Genome Association and Prediction Integrated Tool) was used to conduct based on the mean of sugar content with a Bonferroni-corrected chromosome-wide significance threshold with a -logio(P) of 5.95. The significant SNPs were obtained with fructose (seven), glucose (six), maltose (four) and sucrose (nine). There were several genes related to sugar content around the significant SNPs such as sugar transport protein 8-like, probable galactose-1 -phosphate uridyltransferase-like and beta-amylase. These results will contribute to understanding of sugar content and conversion in sweetpotato.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.159-162
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• 1999

This study was carried out to determine the optimum harvest date of unshelled immature peanuts and dried kernels from 60 to 120 days after flowering. Fresh pod yield of spanish-type variety, 'Shaedl-tangkong(SD)' reached a peak of 9,140kg/ ha at 70 (days after flowering(Aug. 13) while that of virginia-type variety, 'Daepoongtangkong(DP)' reached a peak of 8,820kg/ha at 90 days(Sept. 11) after flowering. SD and DP showed maximum fresh kernel yield of 6,090 and 6,470kg/ha at 90 days after flowering (Sept. 11), respectively, while dry kernel yield reached a peak of 3,300 and 3,720kg/ha at 110 days(Oct. 1), respectively. Oil content of SD and DP were the highest at 90 days and 100 days after flowering, respectively and the oil content of two varieties increased rapidly from 60 to 90 days. Tannin content of the seed hull of SD increased continuously until 110 days after flowering while that of DP maximized at 100 days. The tannin content of the two varieties increased rapidly from 60 to 100 days. Total sugar of SD and DP showed highest content at 60 days and 70 days after flowering, respectively and suger content decreased very rapidly until 80 days and after that sugar content kept nearly constant. Oil, tannin and total sugar content of spanish-type SD were higher than those of virginia-type DP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

This study was conducted to get the informations for reducing the variation of chemical contents of leaf tobacco. The contents and variations of some chemical constituents of leaf(Leaf, Grade 2) produced in various growing areas from 1999 to 2003 and the effects of meteorological factors on the chemical constituents of leaf were analysed. The contents of analysed constituents of leaf showed high significant differences among crop years in flue-cured and burley, particularly the variation among crop years were higher in chlorine and nicotine contents while lower in total nitrogen content. There were significant differences among growing areas in nicotine and total sugar contents of flue-cured leaf and chlorine content of burley leaf. The total sugar content were negatively correlated to the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in flue-cured leaf. The average air temperature in June and July were positively correlated to the nicotine content of leaf while negatively to total sugar, and the precipitation in May were negatively correlated to the nicotine while positively to total sugar.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1987

For some basic information in tobacco breeding, the modes of inheritance and heritabilities for the twelve agronomic and chemical characters were estimated in the study of eight varieties partial diallel set. Additive gene actions were significant for all characters except total nitrogen content and dominance gene effects were also significant for all characters. Yield, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf shape index were inherited as partial dominance, and overdominance was detected for plant height, stem diameter, internode length, total alkaloid, total nitrogen and total sugar content. Dominant gene showed increasing effects in yield, plant height, stem diameter, internode length, leaf width and total sugar content, but showed decreasing effects in the other characters. The broad heritability was very high for all characters. and the narrow heritability was high in days to flower and yield, but low in internode length, total alkaloid, total nitrogen and total sugar content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the total sugar contents on chemical, smoke and sensory properties and to estimate the desirable chemical composition contents from sensory properties in flue-cured leaf tobacco. The leaves used in the study were in 2005 and in $1997{\sim}2006$ crop year. Nicotine and total nitrogen contents, filling value, impact, irritation and bitterness were reduced with increasing the total sugar contents of B2O(leaf) and C2L(cutters), whereas tar and CO contents and puff number were increased. The desirable sugar contents estimated from the best overall tobacco taste of smoke were 25.9% in B2O and 26.9% in C2L. All of regression equations among total sugar/nicotine ratio, total sugar, nicotine and total nitrogen contents were significant($p{\leqq}0.05$). There were no significant difference between the 4 grade(A2O, B2O, C2L, D2L) average and the whole plant(12 grade) average contents in total sugar, nicotine and total nitrogen contents. All of regression equations between the ratio of each grade content to the average content of twelve grades and stalk position[number ; from bottom(1) to top(12)] in total sugar, nicotine and total nitrogen contents were significant($p{\leqq}0.05$). The estimated desirable chemical properties which based on the best overall tobacco taste were 23.2% of total sugar, 2.39% of nicotine, 9.7 of total sugar/nicotine ratio, 2.57% of total nitrogen, 1.08 of total nitrogen/nicotine ratio in average of four grades. With decrease the total sugar content from 32.0% to 24.0%, filling value was enhanced by 14.1% in average of B2O and C2L, also tar and CO contents of smoke were decreased by 13.2% and 10.5%, respectively. These results suggest that the estimated desirable chemical composition contents may be useful to produce good leaf tobacco, and to enhance filling value and to reduce tar and CO contents of smoke in flue-cured leaf tobacco.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different growing regions on quality characteristics, total bioactive compound contents, and in vitro antioxidant activity in aronia. Aronia grown in 3 different regions (Sangjoo, Ulju, and Youngcheon) in Korea was obtained and used fresh or as a freeze-dried powder. No statistically significant differences were observed for moisture, ash, crude lipid, and crude protein contents in aronia sampled from the 3 different regions. Aronia grown in Sangjoo had the highest total acid content and the lowest sugar content and pH value. Conversely, aronia grown in Youngcheon possessed the lowest total acid content and the highest sugar content and pH value. Aronia grown in Sangjoo possessed relatively high levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, as well as high antioxidant activity in comparison with aronia produced in other regions. Aronia grown in Youngcheon scored the highest for taste and overall acceptability in sensory evaluations, which may be related to the high sugar content and pH, and the low total acidity of the fruits. It is possible that higher sugar contents and pH, and lower total acidity in the aronia grown in Youngcheon result in more preferable sensory characteristics. However, they also contain relatively low levels of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, and have low antioxidant activity as measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assays.