• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1967

The aim of present study is to elucidate the relationship between decay rate of soil organic matter, and the change of soil microbial population under the oak and pine forest soils in Kwang-nung plantation stand. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The correlation coefficient between decay rate and the soil bacteria is 0.84 and fungi 0.93. 2) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F horizon of the oak forest soil, and F and H horizon of the pine forest soil. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in each forest soil. 3) The population of soil microbes is related to moisture content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium, except organic carbon in fungi. 4) The soil organic matter has been mainly decomposed by fungi, and the size of its population are governed by the factors such as moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium.

• ALGAE
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2002

We investigated the association of Chlorella vulgaris and E. coli W9110 in removal of total organic carbon with the lab-scaled continuous river water flow system (CRWFS). Artificial wastewater was applied at two levels of organic carbon concentration; 1,335 $mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ in the treatment (T)-1 and 267 $mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ in T-2. The highest densities of C. vulgaris were $8.3{\times10^6\;cells{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ in T-1 and $6.9{\times}10^6\;cells{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ in T-2. The maximum densities of E. coli W3110 were $2.0{\times}10^8$ clony forming unit (CFU)${\cdot}ml^{-1}$ in T-1 and $3.9{\times}10^8\;CFU{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ in T-2. The densities increased during the first 11 days in T-q and 4 days in T-2, and decreased rapidly till 35th day, then increased slightly afterwards. This trend was prominent in T-2. It was inplied that wider range of nutrients was required in the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in T-2 than in T-1. The algal biomass should be increased effectively for the successful removal of organic carbon.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2000

Elemental carbon(EC) and organic carbon(OC) in fine particles (PM2.5) were collected from October 1995 through August 1996 in the Chongju area. The annual mean concentrations of EC and OC were 4.44 and 4.99 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m3 respectively. EC showed seasonal variation (p<0.01) The magnitude of the seasonal mean EC concen-tration progresses in the following manner : fall>winter>spring>summer. However OC was not statistically seasonal difference(p=0.20) The annual average OC/EC ratio was 1.12 suggesting that organic carbon measured may by emitted directly in particulate form(primary aerosol) The contribution of EC to PM2.5 mass follows a general pattern in which fall(14.6%) > winter (9.8%) >spring(7.8%) =summer(7.8%) and the contribution of OC to the PM2.5 mass varies in order fall(13.8%) >winter(11.3%) >spring(10.5%) >summer (9.4%) Total carbona-ceous particles(EC and OC) accounted for 17-28% of the PM2.5 mass.

• 약학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 1978

Total organic carbon(TOC) can be determined by means of combustion and flame ionization detector. The principle of string method is that a sample acidified to pH2 and transferred into combustion tube by string is oxidized with air. Another combustion tube method is that organic compounds are oxidized in the combustion tube charged with CuO and cobalt asbestos after the acidified sample is injected directly by microsyringe. Carbon dioxide evolved was reduced under specially treated nickel catalyst and hydrogen, the methane produced was detected by flame ionization detector. Linear relationship was found between concentration and the peak height by the string method. The peak area in the case of combustion tube method is in the range of 1-200ppm. The coefficient of variation by string method was 2.3% and that by combustion tube method was 1.8%. The lower detectable limit was about 10mol. Advantages of the latter are simplicity, sensitivity and reproducibility. TOC in contineous stream can also be determined automatically by means of the string method.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2014

월악산국립공원에 발달되어 있는 신갈나무림에서 2012년 5월부터 2013년 4월까지 유기탄소 분포와 순환을 통한 생태계 서비스 가치를 파악하였다. 지상부와 지하부 생물량에 분포되어 있는 유기탄소량은 각각 81.94 및 20.53 ton C/ha 이었으며, 낙엽층과 토양의 유기탄소량은 각각 6.49 ton C $ha^{-1}$, 141.23 ton C $ha^{-1}$ $50cm-depth^{-1}$로 조사되였다. 조사지 신갈나무림의 전체 유기탄소량은 250.19 ton C $ha^{-1}$이었으며, 이중 41.0%가 식물체에 분포하였다. 신갈나무림의 전체 유기탄소량을 원화로 환산하면 약 527만원 $ha^{-1}$의 가치를 갖는 것으로 추정되었다. 조사기간 동안 토양호흡을 통하여 방출되는 탄소량은 7.31 ton C $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$으로 이중 미생물호흡과 뿌리호흡을 통해 방출되는 탄소량은 각각 3.58, 3.73 ton C $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$이었다. 유기탄소 순 생산량과 미생물호흡량의 차이로 추정했을 때 본 신갈나무림에서 연간 대기로부터 흡수하는 순 유기탄소는 1.61 ton C $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$로서, 이를 원화로 환산하면 약 33,000원 $ha^{-1}$의 가치를 갖는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2015

월악산국립공원에 발달되어 있는 소나무림에서 2013년 1월부터 2013년 12월까지 유기탄소 분포와 순환을 통한 생태계 서비스 가치를 평가하였다. 지상부와 지하부 생물량에 분포되어 있는 유기탄소량은 각각 32.17 및 8.04 ton C $ha^{-1}$이었으며, 낙엽층과 토양의 유기탄소량은 각각 5.55 ton C $ha^{-1}$ 및 58.62 ton C $ha^{-1}$ 50cm-$depth^{-1}$로 조사되었다. 조사지 소나무림의 전체 유기탄소량은 104.38 ton C $ha^{-1}$이었으며, 이중 37.9%가 식물체에 분포하였다. 소나무림의 전체 유기탄소량을 원화로 환산하면 약 1,044 만원 $ha^{-1}$의 가치를 갖는 것으로 추정되었다. 조사기간 동안 토양호흡을 통하여 방출되는 탄소량은 4.44 ton C $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$으로 이중 미생물호흡과 뿌리호흡을 통해 방출되는 탄소량은 각각 2.18 및 2.27 ton C $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$이었다. 유기탄소 순 생산량과 미생물호흡량의 차이로 추정했을 때 본 소나무림에서 연간 대기로부터 흡수하는 순 유기탄소는 0.44 ton C $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$로서, 이를 원화로 환산하면 약 44,000원 $ha^{-1}$의 가치를 갖는 것으로 추정되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

Organic carbon (OC) distribution in 32-year-old pitch pine plantation at Mt. Hotae in Kongju, Korea, was studied from August 2007 to July 2008. In order to investigate the OC distribution, OC in plant biomass, litterfall, litter layer on forest floor, and soil within 50cm depth were estimated. The density of P. rigida plantation was 3,200 trees/ha, average DBH was $18.7{\pm}5.53cm$ and average tree height was $11.1{\pm}1.85m$. Organic carbon stored in plant biomass, litterlayer on forest floor and soil in 2008 was 89.46 ton C/ha (46.09%), 4.32 ton C/ha (2.23%) and 100.32 ton C $ha^{-1}$ 50cm-$depth^{-1}$ (51.68%), respectively. Amount of OC returned to forest floor via litterfall was 2.21 ton C $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Total amount of OC stored in this P. rigida plantation was 194.1 ton C/ha. Net increase of OC in above- and below-ground biomass in this pitch pine plantation was 4.82 ton C $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2008

월악산 용하계곡에 발달되어 있는 굴참나무림에서 2005년부터 2006년까지 지상부와 지하부 생물량, 낙엽층 그리고 토양의 유기탄소의 분포를 조사하였으며, 탄소수지를 파악하기 위해 토양 호흡량을 측정하였다. 지상부와 지하부 생물량에 분포된 탄소량은 각각 56.22, 13.90 ton C ha$^{-1}$이 었으며, 낙엽층과 토양의 유기탄소량은 각각 4.7 ton C ha$^{-1}$, 119.14 ton C ha$^{-1}$ 50 cm-depth$^{-1}$로, 조사지 굴참나무림의 전체 유기탄소량은 193.96 ton C ha$^{-1}$이었으며, 이중 61.43%의 유기탄소가 토양에 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 굴참나무림에서 연간 지상부와 지하부 생물량에 의한 유기탄소의 순 증가량은 7.68 ton C ha$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$이었으며, 토양호흡을 통해 6.21 ton C ha$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$의 유기탄소가 방출되어 본 굴참나무림에서는 연간 대기로부터 1.47 ton C ha$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$가 순흡수되는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2009

Unusual bloom of toxic cyanobacteria in water bodies have drawn attention of environmentalists world over. Major bloom of Anabaena, Microcystis in water storage reservoir, rivers and lake leading to adverse health effects have been reported from Australia, England and many part of the world. These cyanobacterial cells can release intercellular matter like toxin in water and these intercellular matter can increase the concentration of organic matter. Cellysis can occur when algal cells meet the disinfectants like chlorine in water treatment plant and the resultant rising up of DOC(Dissolved Organic Carbon) or TOC(Total Organic Carbon) can increase the formation of disinfection by products. Disinfectants that kill microorganisms react with the organic or inorganic matter in raw water. In general disinfectants oxidize the matter in raw water and the resultant products can be harmful to human. There are always conflict about which is more important, disinfection or minimizing disinfection by products. The best treatment process for raw water is the process of the lowest disinfection by products and also the the lowest microorganism. In this study the cultured cells, Microcytis Aeruginosa(MA), Anabaena Flos-aquae(AF), Anabaena Cylindrica(AC), and the cells obtained in Daechung Dam(DC) whose dominant species was Anabaena Cylindrica were subjected to chlorination. Chlorination oxidizes inorganic and organic compounds and destruct live cells in raw water. Chloroform was analyzed for the cultured cells which were treated with $20mg/\ell$ dose of chlorine. In general chloroform is easily formed when dissolved organic matter react with chlorine. The cultured cells contributes the concentration of dissolved organic carbon and also that of total organic carbon which might be potent precusors of chloroform formed. The correlations of the concentration of chloroform, DOC and TOC were investigate in this study.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2017

This study aims to evaluate the effect of capping materials on blocking pollutant elution from contaminated sediment to water body. Experiments were carried out under conditions in which the elution rate was intensified artificially using compost with high concentration of organic compound and nutrient salts instead of sediments. Activated carbon (AC), modified activated carbon (MAC), P. putida immobilized activated carbon (PBAC) and effective microorganisms immobilized activated carbon (EBAC) were used as capping materials. Zeolite (ZT) and two kinds of commercially available microorganisms immobilized zeolite products (ZC, ZN) were used for comparison experiment. The elution rate of organic compound, nitrogen and phosphorus were compared with that of control experiment. The experiments were conducted for 56 days. Concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were measured to use the comparison of release rate of organic compound, nitrogen and phosphorus. From the experimental results, AC based materials showed better performance to block the elution of organic compound and nitrogen than ZT based materials. Although ZT based materials were more effective than AC and PBAC to block phosphorus, MAC and EBAC showed the best performance of phosphorus elution blocking among the all candidate materials. In conclusion, EBAC is considered as the most effective capping materials, because organic compound, nitrogen and phosphorus will be degraded continuously by EM in the long term.