• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2013

Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) system was introduced to manage pollution load of watershed and to improve water quality of unit watershed so that it is possible to protect dringking water soureces. Load allocation observation is the most important factor in TMDLs system. Because if load allocation is not observed, it is difficult to achieve water quality goal of unit watershed. Also it is impossible to improve water quality of the drinking water sources. Therefore it is necessary to apply some kind of sanctions (penalty) in case of excess of load allocation. The sanctions have to be, however, applied differently based on various reduction plan types, i.e., using the reduction load planed in 2nd phase, delay the completion, additional reduction in 2nd phase, error of the pollution sources, etc. Moreover, the penalty load should be properly imposed, lest it should be overburden the provence. The reduction load trade inter province must be restrictively permmitted only the same unit watershed.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.487-497
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• 2001

옥정호에 대한 수질변화 조사 자료를 토대로 수질모의를 실시하였으며, 그 결과 바탕으로 효율적인 댐저수지 수질관리 방안을 제시하였다. 옥정호의 수질은 계절에 다라 중영양상태와 부영양상태를 나타내는 것으로 평가되었으며 이러한 수질상태는 외부로부터 유입되는 오염원에 많은 영향을 받게 되므로 우선 유역으로부터 유입되는 오염부하의 정확한 산정이 필요한 것으로 평가되었다. 1999년에 조사한 7차례의 강우기간 중 총 부하와 일년간 발생한 총 부하를 비교하면 강우량은 17.5%인데 비해 SS는 72.8%, TN과 TP는 약 50%가 강우기에 유입되는 것으로 조상되었다. 또한 퇴적물의 용출율은 TP의 경우 가두리 양식장이 운영되던 지점에서는 11.92 mg/L, 정기수질 조사지점에서 0.2∼1.9 mg/L로 국내·외 자료와 비교하여 용출율이 작은 것으로 나타났다. 댐저수지 수질관리 방안 수립을 위하여 WASP5 모형을 적용하였으며 검증된 결과를 이용하여 각 소유역에서 오염부하 삭감에 따른 6가지 방안에 대한 수질모의를 실시하였고 각각에 대한 수질개선 효과를 제시하였다. 가장 효율적인 방안은 임실천 유역과 관촌교 유역의 오염부하를 제어하는 방안으로 평가되었으며, 가장 수질개선효과가 좋은 것은 대표 세유역의 오염부하를 제어하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 수질개선을 위한 하·폐수처리장의 건설 적지를 제시하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 2016

Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) System has been used to improve water quality in the Youngsan·Tamjin river basin since 2004. The Basic Policy of TMDLs sets up the standard flow based on the average dry condition or mid-range flow during the last 10 years. However, Target Water Quality (TWQ) assessment on TMDLs has been used to evaluate water quality through eight-day intervals over 36 times a year. The results for allocation evaluation and target water quality evaluation were different from each other in the same unit watershed during the first period. In order to improve the evaluation method, researchers applied Load Duration Curve (LDC) to evaluate water quality in nine unit watersheds of the Youngsan·Tamjin river basin. The results showed that achievement rates of TWQ assessment with the current method and LDC were 67~100% and 78~100%, respectively. Approximately 11% of the achievement rates with use of LDC were higher than those with use of the current method. In conclusion, it is necessary to review the application of the LDC method in all Four Major River Watersheds.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.531-539
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• 2013

In order to apply a water quality indicator as a certain target pollutant, the indicator should have the representability of an index for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Scientific groundwork and treatment technologies also should be provided for the application of the indicator. This study analyzed the applicability of major water quality indicators for target pollutants. The results showed that four water quality indicators of TOC, T-N, SS & T-Coli can be considered as target pollutants besides existing BOD and T-P. These indicators can be applied with the preparations such as essential basic data, pollution load estimation framework as well as legal criteria setting when the need is raised. As the importance of TOC, which is considered as a replacement of BOD, is emphasized, technical and institutional terms are being prepared in order to determine TOC as another target pollutant in the near future. It could be considered to combine TOC with BOD for the time being during the $3^{rd}$ stage of TMDLs in view of the present conditions for the management of TOC. TOC can be the most effective index for the organic matter and help to be managed more systematically in the waterbodies where rivers and lakes are mutually connected.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2019

Broadly speaking, in order to analyze the water quality improvement effects of the implementation of the Total Water Pollutant Management System in the Sapgy-Lake waterways, a reference was made to the [Plans for implementation of the Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL)] in 3 cities (Cheonan, Asan, Dangjin). The results of the investigation into the plans to reduce the pollutant load show in that region show that there are plans to reduce pollution for a total of 16 reduction facilities. As for the result of the computation of the reduction in the load, these measurements were computed at the Gokgyo-stream basin and Namwon-stream basin, with BOD and T-P at the Gokgyo-stream basin reduced by 13.9 % and 13.3 %, respectively, while BOD and T-P at the Namwon-stream were reduced by 3.7 % and 3.3 %, respectively. In this way, thus using the results of the water quality forecast of Sapgyo-Lake in measures for the improvement of water quality (in accordance with the implementation of the TMDL), and using the QUAL-MEV model and EFDC model, it is noted that BOD will be improved by 26.4 % from 6.1 mg/L to 4.5 mg/L 0.0 %, T-P by 36.7 % from 0.168 mg/L to 0.107 mg/L and TOC by 26.4 % from 7.7 mg/L to 5.6 mg/L. However, it is forecasted that the targeted standards for the medium influence area will not be achieved. Evidently, Gokgyo-stream and Namwon-stream have been implementing the Total Water Pollutant Management System for the BOD items since January 1, 2019, but the Sapgyo-stream and Muhan-stream were excluded from being designated as subject regions. As such, it is noted now that it is necessary to implement the TMDL for the entire Sapgyo-Lake water systems including Sapgyo-stream and Muhan-stream in order to improve the water quality of Sapgyo-Lake, and likewise the T-P should be designated as the substance subjected to management in addition to BOD.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.629-640
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 동적모델의 수질오염총량제 적용성을 검토하였으며, 동적모델을 이용한 목표수질 설정 및 할당부하량 산정 방법을 제시하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 동적모델 중 HSPF 유역모형을 미호천 유역에 대하여 구축하였으며, 보정 결과 구축된 모형은 2009년~2010년에 대하여 일유량 변화와 BOD 농도 변화를 잘 재현하는 것으로 판단되었다. 동적모델을 이용한 수질오염총량제 적용 방안은 3가지 case; (1)저수기 조건을 고려한 수질관리 방법(Case I), (2)연중 전 기간을 고려한 수질관리 방법(Case II), (3)연중 최악의 수질조건을 고려한 수질관리 방법(Case III)으로 나누어 제시하였다. 미호천 유역 말단에서 각 조건에 따른 BOD 목표수질을 산정한 결과는 Case II(4.2 mg/L) < Case I(5.0 mg/L) < Case III(7.8 mg/L) 순으로 연중 전 기간을 고려한 경우에서 가장 낮고 최악조건을 고려한 경우에서 가장 높았다. 할당부하량은 Case II > Case I > Case III 순으로 높게 나타났으며 최악조건을 고려한 경우에서 가장 엄격한 할당부하량이 산정되었다. 기준 강우 선정 및 비점오염원의 모델 적용방식 등에 대한 추가연구가 필요하며, 이들이 반영된다면 수질오염총량제에 동적모델을 적용함으로 인해 좀 더 합리적이고 과학적인 수질관리가 이루어질 것이라 사료된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to obtain adequate intercepting flow during wet weather conditions in combined sewer system. Two study sites are selected under considering different population density, one is developed area with heavy urbanization. Another is recently developing area. In the analysis of field investigation, SS was most significant in initial flushing effects compared with other factors and showed the result with the order of COD, TP, TN. As compared with event mean concentration(EMC) of runoff, BOD, TN and TP showed high concentrations in wide area with relatively large population density. It is by the reason that much pollution load was discharged to receiving water from urbanized area during wet period. According to results of storm-water modeling, 53% of total COD and 52% of total SS pollution load were discharged to receiving water by overflow than intercepting capacity in middle population density site. Also, in the urbanized area, pollution load was discharged to receiving water by 49% of total COD and 77% of total SS. These results can be applied to setup for pollution load flow(budget) generation, collection, treatment and discharging in order to obtain adequate intercepting flow.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2018

Small-scale wastewater discharge facilities account for 98% of all workplaces, but in the generation and emission of major pollutants, they account for 27.5 % and 23.5 %, respectively. Since the proportion of the emission load of the small-scale workplace is not large, the national environmental policy has been established mainly around large-scale wastewater discharge facilities. However, in the case of specific hazardous substances in water, the amount of the discharge load of the small-scale wastewater discharge facility was 2.4 times higher than that of the generation load. Certain types of specific hazardous substances in water, which have a higher discharge load than large-scale wastewater discharge facilities, account for 24 ~ 32 %. There are also cases in which the discharge load from a small-scale discharge facility is more than four times higher, depending on the specific kind of water pollutant. As a result of inspections, the violation rate of the small-scale wastewater discharge facility among the total violations by facilities is 93.9 ~ 97.5 %. As a result, the ecotoxicity value of small-scale wastewater discharge facilities was high in most industries, and there was a fluctuation in the measured value. This indicates that the ecological integrity of the water system can be largely influenced by small-scale wastewater discharge facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the environmental management of small-scale wastewater discharge facilities, and in some cases, the effect of the improvement in quality may be more significant than in the management of large-scale wastewater discharge facilities.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2021

오염총량 개념을 반영한 매립장 사후관리종료제도 개선방안을 수도권매립지 제1매립장을 대상으로 적용하여 분석하였다. 매립가스 모델을 통해 분석한 메탄 잔여비율은 총 발생 가능량인 2,521×106 Nm3에 대하여 2020년 8.8%, 2030년 7.0%, 2040년 6.5%이었다. 2020년 이후의 표면발산 메탄량에 2005~2019년의 평균 산화율 89.1%를 적용할 경우, 실제 배출기준 메탄 잔여율은 2020년 1.01%, 2030년 0.76%, 2040년 0.70%로서 2025년 이후 메탄이 전량 표면 발산되어도 2019년 기준 표면 발산량보다 적어 사후관리 종료가 가능하였다. 침출수 수질에 대한 추이분석 결과, BOD는 2024년, COD 2047년, T-N은 2117년경에 배출허용기준을 만족할 수 있을 것으로 추정되었다. 사후관리종료를 배출부하량을 기준으로 변경할 경우 BOD는 현 시점에서 그리고 COD도 수년 내 사후관리종료가 가능하나, T-N의 경우 2041년 이후에나 가능하여 근본적인 관리방식의 전환이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.521-527
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 필지 단위 최적관리기법 적용 효과를 분석할 수 있는 HRSM4BMP 모형을 유역단위로 모의할 수 있도록 모형을 개선하는 것이며 이를 실제 유역에 적용하여 평가하는 것이다. 따라서 HRSM4BMP 모형을 유역단위로 모의할 수 있도록 하기 위해 전처리 프로세서와 후처리 프로세서 모듈을 개발하였고 유역단위 유출량 및 유사량 모의에 많이 사용되고 있는 SWAT모형의 하천 하도추적과정과 HRSM4BMP 모형을 연계하였다. 이렇게 개선된 HRSM4BMP 모형을 강원도 양구군 해안면 유역 내 14번 소유역에 2 m의 초생대 최적관리기법 적용에 따른 유역단위 저감효과를 모의하였다. 그 결과, 14번 소유역에서는 약 280 ton (5%)의 유사가 저감되었으며 유역 말단인 43번 소유역에서 초생대 적용 후 약 223 ton (4%)의 저감 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 우리나라 유역단위 BMPs 설치 장기 계획에 있어 매우 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.