• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 사용자들의 밀집도 정보를 기반으로 설정된 목표지역과 릴레이 단말의 수를 제한한 환경에서 광고 확산을 위한 최대 거리 기반 릴레이 단말 선택 알고리즘과 최대 효율 기반 릴레이 단말 선택 알고리즘의 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 최대 거리 기반 릴레이 단말 선택 알고리즘은 단말간의 거리 정보만을 이용하여 릴레이 단말을 선택하고, 최대 효율 기반 릴레이 단말 선택 알고리즘은 설정된 목표지역들을 활용하여 최대 광고 효율을 위한 광고 확산 루트를 설정하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 광고를 섹터 수의 변화에 따른 성공적으로 수신한 전체 사용자 수와 전송 효율에 대한 성능을 비교하여, 최대 거리 기반 릴레이 단말 선택 알고리즘 보다 최대 효율 기반 릴레이 단말 선택 알고리즘 성능의 우수성에 대해 분석하였다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2014

짧은 보강재를 적용한 강성벽 일체형 보강노반의 시공 중 거동에 대하여 고찰하고 안정성을 평가하였다. 우선 시공하중 상태에서 안정성이 확보될 수 있는 최소보강재 길이에 대한 이론적 고찰을 수행하고, 기존 설계기준 적용 보강재 길이(70%, 0.70H)와 짧은 보강재(35%, 0.35H) 및 장 보강재를 혼용하는 보강재 설치 패턴에 대한 경제성을 비교하였다. 높이의 30%(0.30H), 35%(0.35H), 40%(0.40H) 적용 보강노반의 시공 중 안정성을 검증하기 위하여 실물 단선용 철도노반 높이*폭*길이(5m*6m*20m)에 대한 현장시공을 실시하였다. 총 51개의 센서를 노반 내부 및 보강재에 설치하여 침하, 배부름 및 응력 변화를 확인하였다. 이를 통하여 짧은(0.35H, 높이의 35%) 지오그리드를 적용한 보강노반의 변형 및 발생 응력수준이 시공 중 안정성을 확보할 수 있는 허용범위 이내인 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.70-84
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate the body fat breakdown during topical seaweed extract treatment and in combination with the iontophoresis, phonophoresis method to enhance skin absorption of lipolytic compounds. Of 24 female obesity subjects, 7 treated a gel types of seaweed extract only(control group) and 10 treated in combination with the iontophoresis(experimental group I) and 7 treated in combination with the phonophoresis(experimental group II). Topical treatment of each sample was designed for 2 weeks, treated with 2 times a day about $10m{\ell}$ on the abdomen, triceps, thigh and superior ilium, respectively. Experimental group treat with the iontophoresis and phonophoresis during 5 minutes immediately after topical treatment. After one and two weeks of topical treatment, measured body weight, body fat, skinfolds thickness respectively. Then venous blood samples were taken and analyzed serum lipids. The results were as follows; 1) There were decrement of body weight, $\%$ of body fat, superior ilium, triceps and thigh thickness between pre and post treatment in all group. Especially, there were more decrement of body weight, $\%$ of body fat in the iontophoresis treated group. 2) There were decrement in total CHOL, LDL, TRIG and increment in HDL in all group. These phenomena were predominant in the iontophoresis treated group. CHOL decrement in the experimental group were significant after two weeks iontophoresis treatment.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.645-652
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• 2016

A membrane module including grid was designed and introduced to MBR (membrane bio-reactor) for the purpose of better control of membrane fouling. It could be anticipated that the grid enhances the shear force of fluid-air mixture into the membrane surface by even-distributing the fluid-air to the membrane module. As MLSS concentration, packing density which is expressed in the ratio of the housing and the cross-sectional area of membrane fibers ($A_m/A_t$) and air-flow rate were changed, membrane foulings were checked by monitoring fouling resistances. The total fouling resistance ($R_c+R_f$) without grid installation (i.e., control) was $2.13{\times}10^{12}m^{-1}$, whereas it was reduced to $1.69{\times}10^{12}m^{-1}$ after the grid was installed. Regardless of the grid installation, the $R_c+R_f$ increased as the packing density increased from 0.09 to 0.28, however, the increment of resistance for the grid installation was less than that of the control. Increase in the air flow rate did not always guarantee the reduction of fouling resistance, indicating that the higher air flow rate can partially de-flocculate the activated sludge flocs, which led to severer membrane fouling. Consequently, installation of grids inside the housing have brought a beneficial effect on membrane fouling and optimum air flow rate is important to keep the membrane lowering fouling.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.518-518
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• 2016

Agriculture is the lifeblood of the economy in Ghana, employs about 42% of the population work force and accounts for 30% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Corn (maize) is the major cereal crop grown as staple food under rain fed conditions, covers over 92% of the total agricultural area, and contributes 54% of the caloric intake. Issues of hunger and food insecurity for the entire nation are associated with corn scarcity and low production. The climate changes are expected to affect corn production in Ghana. This study evaluated variations of corn yields based on different climate conditions of rain-fed area in the Dangbe East District of Ghana. AquaCrop model has been used to simulate corn growing cycles in study area for this purpose. The main goal for this study was to predict yield of corn using selected climatic parameters from 1992 to 2013 using different climate scenarios. The Model was calibrated and validated using observed field data, and the simulated grain yields matched well with observed values for the season under production giving an R squared (R2)of 0.93 and Nash-Sutcliff Error(NSE) of 0.21. Study results showed that rainfall reduction in the range of -5% to -20% would reduce the yield from 1.315ton/ha to 0.421ton/ha (-21. 3%) whereas increasing temperature from 1% to 7% would result in the maximum yield reduction of -20.6% (1.315 to 1.09 ton/ha.). On the other hand, increasing rainfall from 5-20% resulted in yield increment of 68% (1.315-2.209 ton/ha) and decreasing temperature produce 7% increase in yield ( 1.315 to 1.401ton/ha). These results provide useful information to adopt strategies by the Government of Ghana and farmers for improving national food security under climate change.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.360-364
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• 2009

추출방법과 $\beta$-cyclodextrin, soluble starch 및 calcium chloride 혼합용액(MIX) 처리가 양파추출물의 색도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 추출방법에 관계없이 처리구가 대 조구보다 L(명도) 값은 크게 나타났으며 a(적색도)와 b(황색도)는 작은 값을 나타내었다. 갈변도는 100${^{\circ}C}$ 열수추출의 경우 대조구와 처리구의 O.D.값은 각각 0.296 과 0.093 으로서 처리구가 대조구의 약 31%의 O.D.값을 보였다. 열수추출과 초음파추출 모두 대조구가 처리구보다 높은 pyruvic acid 함량을 나타내었다. 관능검사의 갈변정도와 매운맛 강도에서는 대조구가 처리구에 비하여 높은 값을 보였다. 양파추출물의 총균수와 대장균군수는 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라서 계속적으로 증가를 보였고 저장기간 내내 처리구가 대조구보다 매우 적은 수치를 나타내었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Liquid pig manure (LPM) has been used as an alternative for conventional fertilizers on some gramineous crops. However, its chemical properties varied widely depending on the degree of the digestion. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the responses of persimmon trees to immature (not well-digested) LPM application. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten application levels of immature LPM, consisted of a total of 3 to 30 L in 3-L increment, were applied during summer to 5-year-old 'Fuyu' trees grown in 50-L pots. Increasing the LPM application rate caused defoliation, wilting, and chlorosis in leaves. When applied with the rate of 3 L during summer, the tree produced small fruits with low soluble solids and bore few flower buds the following season, indicating insufficient nutritional status. In trees applied with the LPM rates of 6~12 L, both fruit characteristics and above-ground growth of the trees appeared normal but some roots were injured. However, application of higher LPM rates than 27 L resulted in small size, poor coloration, or flesh softening of the fruits the current season. Furthermore, the high LPM rates caused severe cold injury in shoots during winter and weak shoot growth the following season. It was noted that the application of higher LPM rate than 9 L damaged the root, even though above-ground parts of the tree appeared to grow normally. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that an excessive immature LPM application could cause various injuries on leaves, fruits, and the roots in both the current and the following season.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2022

Background: In Brazil, asbestos was intensively used from the 1960s until its ban in 2017. Mesothelioma, asbestosis, and pleural plaques are typical asbestos-related diseases (ARD-T). To create an ARD-T national database, death records from 1996-2017 were retrieved from several health information systems (HIS). Methods: All national HIS containing coded diagnoses (ICD-10) and death information were obtained. Linkage was performed to create a single database of ARD-T death records, either as underlying or contributory causes, in adults aged 30 years and older. Results: A total of 3,057 ARD-T death records were found, 2,405 (76.4%) of which being malignant mesotheliomas (MM). Pleural MM (n = 1,006; 41.8%) and unspecified MM (n = 792; 32.9%) prevailed. Male to female MM ratio (M:F) was 1.4:1, and higher ratios were found for non-malignant ARD-T: 3.5:1 for asbestosis and 2.4:1 for pleural plaques. Male crude annual mesothelioma mortality (CM_mm ×1,000,000) was 0.98 in 1996 and 2.26 in 2017, a 131.1% increment, while for females it was 1.04 and 1.25, a 20.2% increase, correspondingly. The small number of deaths with asbestosis and pleural plaques records precluded conclusive interpretations. Conclusions: Even with the linkage of several HIS, ARD-T in death records remained in low numbers. MM mortality in men was higher and showed a rapid increase and, along with non-malignant ARD-T, higher M:F ratios suggested a predominant pattern of work-related exposure. The monitoring of workplace and environmental asbestos exposure needs to be improved, as well as the workers surveillance, following the recent Brazilian ban.

• 대한치위생과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

Background: This study aimed to compare the remineralization effects of sodium caseinate and other substances on artificially demineralized enamel. Methods: We selected 25 healthy human premolars and molars and produced a total of 75 specimens by dividing them into five groups: control group, with distilled water; experimental group 1 (EG1), with 3% sodium caseinate; EG2, with 10% sodium caseinate; EG3, with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP); and EG4, with 0.05% NaF. Subsequently, the specimens were immersed in an artificial demineralization solution for 60 min. The demineralized specimens were then immersed in a remineralization solution for 7 days. Surface microhardness was measured using a microhardness tester, and remineralized lesions were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Regarding statistical analysis, the paired t-test and analysis of variance were performed using the SPSS program. Results: Although the surface hardness of the remineralized lesions increased significantly in all groups (p<0.05), the average increment did not differ significantly between the groups. The surface microhardness of CPP-ACP was the highest, followed by that of 0.05% NaF and 10% sodium caseinate. The remineralization effect of sodium caseinate was similar to that of 0.05% NaF. SEM confirmed that all groups treated with the remineralization solution were remineralized. Conclusions: Although the remineralization effect of sodium caseinate was slightly lower than that of CPP-ACP, it was similar to that of 0.05% NaF. Therefore, to enhance the remineralization effect of sodium caseinate, the appropriate concentration and application time should be determined.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권3A호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2008

본 연구는 기존의 perfobond rib을 절곡시켜 변형시킨 형태인 corrugated rib 전단연결재의 전단강도를 평가하기 위하여 push-out 실험을 통하여 기존의 전단연결재인 stud, perfobond rib 전단연결재와 비교하였다. Corrugated rib 전단연결재의 전단강도에 기여하는 요인인 홀의 유무, 관통철근의 유무, 파형의 파고, rib의 높이 등을 고려하여 총 12본의 push-out 시험체를 제작하였다. 실험결과 corrugated rib 전단연결재 시험체는 콘크리트 슬래브의 지압성 파괴에 의하여 파괴 모드가 결정되었으며, 용접부의 파괴는 발생하지 않았다. 또한 corrugated rib 전단연결재가 perfobond rib 전단연결재보다 최대 96%의 전단저항 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였고, 관통철근의 배근유무에 따라 48%의 전단강도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Corrugated rib 전단연결재의 홀 및 관통철근에 의해 콘크리트 다웰 효과가 증가되었으며, 파형의 파고 및 rib의 높이가 증가할수록 콘크리트 지압저항 영역의 증가로 인하여 전단강도가 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.