• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.555-566
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• 1996

In order to assess the long-term airborne concentrations of 6 metals such as Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, K, and Na and the associated health resk, a great number of PM-10 samples were collected and analyzed in Kyung Hee University-Suwon Campus for three years from 1991 to 1993. The 3-year average concentration of Pb in respirable particulate matters was 142.6 ng/m$^{3}$ while that of Zn was 1,210.5ng/m$^{3}$. The corresponding hazard index from Pb Zn for the ingalation route was estimated to be 9.5.times.10$^{-2}$ and 3.5.times.10$^{-2}$ , respectively. Therefore, it can be said that there was no adverse chronic health effects by airborne Pb and Zn. However, the 2-year average concentration of Cr(6) was estimated to be 1.3ng/m$^{3}$ shile the 3-year average concentration of Cd was 3.1ng/m$^{3}$. The total cancer risk by these two metals for the inhalation route was estimated to be about 7.2.times.10$^{-6}$ . This order-of-magnitude risk estimate suggests that the ingalation risk in the study area from all carcinogenic metals including As and Ni (subsulfide) might exceed the acceptable risk criteria of 10$^{-5}$ -10$^{-6}$ by U.S.EPA.For a better risk assessment in the future, alveolar deposition of PM-10 in the study area were also discussed and an assessment was done.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.309-317
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• 2016

Debris flows are rapidly flowing masses of water mixed with soil and gravel from landslides which are caused by typhoons or rainstorms. The combination of Korea’s mountain dominated topography (70%) and seasonal heavy rains and typhoons causes landslides and large-scale debris flows from June to August. These phenomena often cause property damage and casualties that amount up to 20% of total annual disaster fatalities. The key point to predicting debris flow is to understand its movement mechanism, erosion, and deposition. In order to achieve a more accurate estimation of debris flow path and damage, this study incorporates quantitative analysis of high resolution LiDAR DEM (GSD 10cm) to delineate geomorphic and topographic changes induced by Jinbu real scale debris flow test.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1108-1114
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• 2007

Twenty eight non-lactating and non-pregnant adult Serra da Estrela ewes, ranging in body condition score (BCS) from 1 to 4 were used to study the relationships between BCS, live weight (LW), body composition and fat partition. Ewes were slaughtered and their kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF), sternal fat (STF) and omental plus mesenteric fat (OMF) were separated and weighed. Left sides of carcasses as well as the respective lumbar joints were then dissected into muscle, bone and subcutaneous (SCF) and intermuscular fat (IMF). The relationship between LW and BCS was studied using data from 1,396 observations on 63 ewes from the same flock and it was found to be linear. Regression analysis was also used to describe the relationships among BCS and/or LW and weights (kg) and percentages in empty body weight (EBW) of dissected tissues. The prediction of weights and percentages in EBW of total fat (TF) and of all fat depots afforded by BCS was better than that provided by LW. Only the weight of muscle and the percentage of bone in the EBW were more efficiently predicted by LW than by BCS. IMF represented the largest fat depot with a BCS of 1 and 2, whereas SCF was the most important site of fat deposition with a BCS of 3 and 4. Allometric coefficients for each fat depot in TF suggest that the fat deposition order in ewes from this breed is: IMF, OMF, SCF and KKCF. Results demonstrate that BCS is a better predictor than LW of body reserves in this breed and that LJ is a suitable anatomical region to evaluate BCS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1205-1212
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• 2010

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of replacing 70% of the protein from fish meal by protein from ensiled or dry cassava leaves and sweet potato vines on the performance and carcass characters of growing F1 (Large White${\times}$Mong Cai) pigs in Central Vietnam. Twenty-five crossbred pigs (Large White${\times}$Mong Cai) with an initial weight of 19.7 kg (SD = 0.84) were allocated randomly to five treatment groups with 5 animals per group (3 males and 2 females). Pigs were kept individually in pens ($2.0{\times}0.8\;m$) and fed one of five diets over 90 days. The control diet was formulated with fish meal (FM) as the protein source while the other four diets were formulated by replacing 70% of fish meal protein by protein from ensiled cassava leaves (ECL), dry cassava leaves (DCL), dry sweet potato vines (DSPV) or ensiled sweet potato vines (ESPV). Animals were fed their diets at 4% of BW. Results showed that final BW, ADG, DMI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the experimental treatments were not significantly different (p>0.05). ECL or DCL and ESPV reduced feed cost per unit gain by 8-17.5% compared to the fish meal diet. There were no significant differences in carcass characters among the diets (p>0.05). Lean meat percentages and protein deposition ranged 41.5-45.8% and 40.2-52.9 g/d, respectively. Using ensiled or dry cassava leaves and sweet potato vine can replace at least 70% of the protein from fish meal (or 35% of total diet CP) without significant effects on performance and carcass traits of growing (20-65 kg) pigs. Including cassava leaves and sweet potato vines could improve feed cost and therefore has economic benefits.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.225-230
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• 2004

Synthesis gas is a high valued compound as a basic chemicals at various chemical processes. Synthesis gas is mainly produced commercially by a steam reforming process. However, the process is highly endothermic so that the process is very energy-consuming process. Thus, this study was carried out to produce synthesis gas by the partial oxidation of methane to decrease the energy cost. The effects of reaction temperature and flow rate of reactants on the methane conversion, product selectivity, product ratio, and carbon deposition were investigated with 13wt% Ni/MgO catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor. With the fluidized bed reactor, $CH_4$ conversion was 91%, and Hz and CO selectivities were both 98% at 850$^{\circ}C$ and total flow rate of 100 mL/min. These values were higher than those of fixed bed reactor. From this result, we found that with the use of the fluidized bed reactor it was possible to avoid the disadvantage of fixed bed reactor (explosion) and increase the productivity of synthesis gas.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 1994

We have investigated output characteristics of XeCI excimer laser excited by transeverse electronbeam. We used e-beam output of 880 kV, 21 kA (70 ns, FWHM) and controlled current density of e-beam by pulsed magnetic coil (4.7 kG) which was fabricated around an e-beam diode (A-K gap is 21 mm) and laser chamber. We have obtained 35 J (4 atm) of e-beam deposition energy injected into laser media. The deposition energy was converted from an exposure area of Radcolor film and rising pressure of gas media which is measured by pressure jump method. The excited volume of $320cm^{3}$ was calculated. The maximum efficiency of 1.7% was obtained with the mixing ratio of HCllXe/Ar==0.2/ 6.3/93.5% and total pressure of 3 atm. Also laser output energy and specific energy were obtained 0.52 J and 1.7 J/I, respectively. For the analysis of experimental results we have developed computer simulation code. From the good agreements with the results of experiment and simulation we could theoretically explain the XeCI* formation channel. relaxation channel, and absorption channel of 308 nm.308 nm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1047-1053
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• 2006

The current study was designed to determine the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on fatty acid deposition in egg yolk and various tissues of laying Tsaiya ducks, and on the mRNA concentrations of hepatic lipogenesis-related transcription factors. Thirty laying ducks were randomly assigned to three treatments with diets based on corn-soybean meal (ME: 2803 kcal/kg; CP: 17.1%; Ca: 3.4%) supplemented with 0% (control diet), 0.5% or 2% algal DHA oil. The DHA content in egg yolks of the ducks was elevated significantly (p<0.01) with the supplementation of dietary DHA. The DHA percentage of the total fatty acids in the egg yolk of laying ducks was 0.5%, 1.3% and 3.4% for 0%, 0.5% and 2% algal DHA oil treatments, respectively, for the $1^{st}$ week, and 0.5%, 1.5% and 3.3% for the $2^{nd}$ week. Therefore, algal DHA oil can be utilized by laying Tsaiya ducks to enhance the egg-yolk DHA content. The concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol in plasma of laying Tsaiya ducks were not affected by dietary DHA treatments (p>0.05). The DHA concentration in plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle was increased with the addition of dietary algal DHA oil (p<0.05). The mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and SREBP2 in the livers of laying Tsaiya ducks was not affected by dietary DHA, suggesting that the expression of these transcription factors is tightly controlled and not sensitive to DHA treatments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1507-1510
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• 2012

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with fat deposition traits in pigs are important gene positions in a chromosome that influence meat quality of pork. For QTL study, a three generation resource population was constructed from a cross between Korean native boars and Landrace sows. A total of 240 F2 animals from intercross of F1 were produced. 80 microsatellite markers covering chromosomes 1 to 10 were selected to genotype the resource population. Intervals between adjacent markers were approximately 19 cM. Linkage analysis was performed using CRIMAP software version 2.4 with a FIXED option to obtain the map distances. For QTL analysis, the public web-based software, QTL express (http://www.qtl.cap.ed.ac.uk) was used. Two significant and two suggestive QTL were identified on SSC 6, 7, and 8 as affecting body fat and IMF traits. For QTL affecting IMF, the most significant association was detected between marker sw71 and sw1881 on SSC 6, and a suggestive QTL was identified between sw268 and sw205 on SSC8. These QTL accounted for 26.58% and 12.31% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. A significant QTL affecting IMF was detected at position 105 cM between markers sw71 and sw1881 on SSC 6.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.380.2-380.2
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• 2014

Direct synthesis of graphene using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been considered a facile way to produce large-area and uniform graphene film, which is an accessible method from an application standpoint. Hence, their fundamental understanding is highly required. Unfortunately, the CVD growth mechanism of graphene on Cu remains elusive and controversial. Here, we present the effect of graphene growth parameters on the number of graphene layers were systematically studied and growth mechanism on copper substrate was proposed. Parameters that could affect the thickness of graphene growth include the pressure in the system, gas flow rate, growth pressure, growth temperature, and cooling rate. We hypothesis that the partial pressure of both the carbon sources and hydrogen gas in the growth process, which is set by the total pressure and the mole fraction of the feedstock, could be the factor that controls the thickness of the graphene. The graphene on Cu was grown by the diffusion and precipitation mode not by the surface adsorption mode, because similar results were observed in graphene/Ni system. The carbon-diffused Cu layer was also observed after graphene growth under high CH4 pressure. Our findings may facilitate both the large-area synthesis of well-controlled graphene features and wide range of applications of graphene.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.18-19
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• 2005

EDDC(Evaporation using Drum in Dual Chamber) deposition system was manufactured for 100m long superconducting coated conductor. It is composed of reaction chamber, evaporation chamber and differential chamber. The drum is located across the differential and exposed to both of the evaporation chamber and the reaction chamber, and the tape is wound on the drum. The elements of superconducting material are co-evaporated from respective element boats in the evaporation chamber and deposited on the drum and reacted with oxygen in the reaction chamber. This process repeats by rotating the drum. When the total pressure of the reaction chamber was 5 mTorr, that of the evaporation chamber was $5{\sim}10^{-5}$Torr. This atmosphere can be achieved by means of differential pumping. There are four evaporator in the evaporation chamber. One is the radiation heating evaporator and the others are the high frequency induction evaporator. EDDC is one of promising methods for commercialization of superconducting coated conductor.