• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.13-28
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• 2016

Objectives To investigate anti-obesity effects of Galgeun-tang, an herbal formula, in high fat diet induced obese mice model. Methods 24 Male C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal group fed with normal research diet (NOR, n=6), high fat diet control group treated with water (HFD, n=6), high fat diet group treated with Orlistat (ORL, n=6, Orlistat 10 mg/kg), and high fat diet group treated with Galgeun-tang (GGT, n=6, Galgeun-tang 700 mg/kg). 12 weeks later, body weight, fat weight, liver weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, ALT, AST, obesity related neuropeptides and adipokines, ratio of gut microbiota, and histopathology of liver were evaluated. Results In the GGT group, 1. body weight gain, liver weight gain, and total fat weight gain were significantly less than those in the HFD group. 2. blood glucose level was significantly lower and insulin level was significantly higher than in the HFD group. 3. total cholesterol level and triglyceride (TG) level were significantly lower and high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly higher than in the HFD group. 4. appetite-promoting ARC neuropeptides such as Agrp and Npy were significantly less and appetite-inhibiting ARC neuropeptide, Cart was significantly more than in the HFD group in qRT-PCR analysis. 5. adiponectin level and visfatin level were significantly higher, and resistin level and leptin level was significantly lower than in the HFD group. 6. the relative level of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher, and the relative level of Firmicutes was significantly lower than in the HFD group. 7. the increase of adipose tissue was significantly more inhibited than in the HFD group. Conclusions The present study showed that Glageun-tang exerts anti-obesity effects in that it. 1. inhibited the increase in body weight, liver weight, and total fat weight. 2. decreased the level of TG, and increased the level of HDL. 3. influenced neuropeptides and adipokines that are important in regulating food intake and changes of body weight. 4. modified the beneficial quantitative changes in gut microbiota suppressing the tendency toward obesity.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.342-353
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• 2017

Purpose: This study evaluated the changes in nutritional status based on quality of life (QoL) item-level analysis to determine whether individual QoL responses might facilitate personal clinical impact. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated QoL data obtained by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Stomach (QLQ-STO22) as well as metabolic-nutritional data obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis and blood tests. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at the 5-year follow-up. QoL was analyzed at the level of the constituent items. The patients were categorized into vulnerable and non-vulnerable QoL groups for each scale based on their responses to the QoL items and changes in the metabolic-nutritional indices were compared. Results: Multiple shortcomings in the metabolic-nutritional indices were observed in the vulnerable groups for nausea/vomiting (waist-hip ratio, degree of obesity), dyspnea (hemoglobin, iron), constipation (body fat mass, percent body fat), dysphagia (body fat mass, percent body fat), reflux (body weight, hemoglobin), dry mouth (percent body fat, waist-hip ratio), and taste (body weight, total body water, soft lean mass, body fat mass). The shortcomings in a single index were observed in the vulnerable groups for emotional functioning and pain (EORTC QLQ-C30) and for eating restrictions (EORTC QLQ-STO22). Conclusions: Long-term postoperative QoL deterioration in emotional functioning, nausea/vomiting, pain, dyspnea, constipation, dysphagia, reflux, eating restrictions, dry mouth, and taste were associated with nutritional shortcomings. QoL item-level analysis, instead of scale-level analysis, may help to facilitate personalized treatment for individual QoL respondents.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.383-390
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation among bone mineral density(BMD), body composition and body circumference on 20's college women in Hwaseong. A total of 86 subjects were measured with BMD and body composition and body circumference. To evaluate the correlation between BMD and body composition, bone density and body weight, body mass index(BMI), lean body mass, muscle mass, fat mass and body fat mass were compared. The results of this study, weight was considered the strong correlation with BMD than the height and BMI seems to be greater significance rather than the lumbar spine and femur BMD. In addition, the relationship between body composition and BMD, lean body mass, muscle mass, body fat mass were the most relevant factors and BMD. The relationship between BMD and body circumference that have been difficult because of not enough previous studies but somewhat the study showed that association.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1973

For purpose of understanding of women worker's nutritional status in Korea, the author had studied oil 668 workers who are working in textile industry, chemical industry, manufacture of electrical machinery and supplies, manufacture of rubber and transportation (bus-guider). Skin-fold caliper was applicated and measured five positions. As a results of this study the following conclusions were obtained; 1. The mean skin-fold thickness were; arm: $$9.08{\pm}3.40\;mm\;(7.23{\sim}10.50\;mm)$$ back: $$16.23{\pm}5.25\;mm\;(13.18{\sim}17.20\;mm)$$ waist : $$17.86{\pm}5.82\;mm\;(13.27{\sim}19.31\;mm)$$ abdomen : $$15.45{\pm}5.04\;mm\;(10.82{\sim}16.43\;mm)$$ knee: $$13.49{\pm}4.16\;mm\;(10.80{\sim}14.04\;mm)$$ The lowest mean skin-fold thickness by age was $12.26{\pm}3.50\;mm$ at 16 year-old and the highest mean skin-fold thickness was $14.57{\pm}5.55\;mm$ at 19 yesr-old respectively. 2. Fat amounts The lowest body fat weight was 10.77 kg at 16 year-old and the highest was 12.09kg at 19 year-old, respectively. The mean body fat weight was 11.76 kg. The lowest %Fat was 20.67% at 26 year-old, the highest was 23.89% at 18 year-old and the average was 22.76%, respectively. The mean FFW was 39.94 kg and the lowest was 37.91 kg at 17 year-old, the highest was 41.64 kg at 27 year-old. The ratio of fat weight and total body mass (FW/TBM) were 21.04% at 27 year-old 23.75% at 19 year-old and average was 22.75%, respectively. The ratio of fat free weight and total body mass (FFW/TBM) were 76.25% at 19 year-old and 78.96% at 27 year-old, respectively. The average was 77.25%. The ratio of fat weight and fat free weight (FW/FFW) were 27.31% at 27 year-old and 31.15% at 19 year-old. The average was 29.44%.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.948-955
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• 2000

This study was done to compare the difference of obesity index(waist-hip ratio, body fat, body mass index, relative body weight), blood pressure and serum lipids in abdominal obesity and non abdominal in both men and women. Abdominal and non abdominal obesity was divided into waist-hip ratio above 0.85 in women and 0.95 in men. The subjects were 412 adults (age range 40-59), who had regular health examinations between 1996 to 1997 at the S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA (for adjusted for age) and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. 39.9% of men and 42.5% of women had abdominal obesity. The average age group of abdominal obesity was 50.8 which is older than the non abdominal obesity group(48.0). 2. After they were adjusted for age, the group of men who have abdominal obesity had higher levels in body fat, body mass index, relative body weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and triglyceride than the group of non abdominal obesity group. The group of women with abdominal obesity had higer levels in body fat, body mass index, relative body weight , blood pressure and triglyceride than the group of non abdominal obesity. 3. In the group of non abdominal obesity, the waist-hip ratio was significantly correlated to body fat, body mass index, relative body weight, blood pressure and serum lipids the group of abdominal obesity in men and women.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.190-202
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Gamimahaenggamseok-tang and Typhae Pollen on Body Weight and Lipid Metabolism of Rats with Obesity induced by high fat diet. Sixty four male Sprague-Dawley rats, around 250g of B.W., were divided into normal, control, sample A and sample B groups. Normal groups were orally administrated with saline and normal animal feed, and control groups with saline and high fat diet, sample A with liquid extract of Gamimahaenggamseok-tang and high fat diet, and sample B with liquid extract of Typhae Pollen and high fat diet. After 4 and 8 weeks administration, body weight, epididymal fat pad weight, weight of liverㆍspleenㆍkidney, abdominal skin fold thickness, feed intake, and lipid level in liver tissue on morphological examination; total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid on serum examination were measured in all of the groups.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the effects of group exercise on physiological functions in Elderly. Method: The design of research was one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were sixty two elderly women persons over sixty years old to live in C-GUN, The exercise period was 12-weeks and frequency was three times per week. the exercise duration was sixty minites. In order to evaluate the effect of exercise, we measured %body fat, fat mass(FM), fat free mass(FFM), body mass index(BMI), body metabolic rate(BMR), Total Cholesterol(TC), Triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein-c(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-c(LDL-C) before and after the 12 week's group exercise program. The data analyzed by the paired t-test using SPSS package. Result: There was significant difference in FFM(p=.000), BMR(p=.000), HDL-C(p=.010). There was no significant difference in weight(p=.122), %body fat(p=.062),, FM(p=.704), BMI(p=.136), TC(p=.125), TG(p=.064), LDL-C(p=.575) Conclusion: This group exercise for elderly women can be recommended as an effective nursing intervention for elderly women in a community.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.308-321
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• 2001

Behavior modification is an approach to decrease degree of obesity through changing maladaptive eating habit and life style. It produces small amount of weight loss but it has few side effects and low dropout rate. It also has great effectiveness on maintenance of decreased weight. This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem in obese elementary school children. Sixty two students of 4th, 5th, and 6th grade were selected from two elementary schools located in the suburbs of Seoul. Thirty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty eight children in another school were assigned to control group. All subjects were healthy and were not on any type of obesity control. Behavior modification, in this study, was consisted of introduction, self-monitoring and stimuli control, education about diet and physical activities, individual counseling and reinforcement, requesting personal assistance, cognitive restructuring, and closing and long-term planning. Experimental group was received 60～70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks from October 16 to December 22, 2000. Control group was not received any intervention. Data were collected before and after intervention by measuring physical variables, fat and thin habit, and self-esteem. Physical variables consisted of obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat(percentage of body fat, fat mass, fat free mass), serum lipids(total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride) and serum leptin. The results were as follows ; 1. physical variables 1) Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. 2) The increase of skinfold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. 3) Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. 4) Total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference. LDL-C was significantly decreased in the control group. 2. Thin habit score was significantly increased in the experimental group. In subcategories of habit, thin scores of life style, attitude, social relationship, nutrition were signifi- cantly increased in the experimental group. 3. Self-esteem score was significantly increased in the experimental group. These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass, thin habit, and self-esteem. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as safe and effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1980

Changes and possible origin of haemolymph proteins during the cuticle formation and hardening are determined by means of acrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The results by acrylamide gel electrophoresis showed at least 19 protein bands in the haemolymph and 13 fractions in the fat body with relatively constant pattern during the period of cuticle formation and hardening. Both haemolymph and fat body proteins are generally characterized by the presence of three to four heavy stained bands and several thin bands near the top region of the gel. At least over five haemolymph proteins are constantly present during this period. Immunodiffusion tests show that of total eight to nine pupal haemolymph proteins two proteins were already detected in the fat body before pupation and other two proteins were also found in the fat body immediately after pupation, suggesting fat body as possible source of these two haemolymph proteins.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.386-394
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of shellfish hydrolysate on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rate weighting approximately 110g were fed basal control diet, high fat diet and high fat diet plus 4 different shellfish hydrolyates for 4 weeks. The shellfish hydrolysates from the different sources, were oyster, hard-shelled mussel, little neck clam and march clam. After 4 weeks, serum GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP, triglyceride and total cholesterol was significantly decreased in shellfish hydrolysates supplementation with high fat diet compared to basal control and high-fat group(p<0.05). The total lipid and cholesterol content in liver showed significant decrease(p, 0.05). There were no different in serum GPT, HDL-cholesterol, liver total cholesterol and lipid of rats between basal control diet and high-fat diet. The unsaturated fatty acids, specific components of shellfishes were a little components in shellfish hydrolysate as they were a low and not different among the groups and were most well reflected in liver and plasma. Considering digestive and absorptive process of in human body, it was assumed that the hypolipidemic effect of shellfish was not under the influence of unsaturated fatty acids but the other components, peptides, taurine and betaine and so on was detected in the process of hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet.