• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.74-77
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• 2011

Total scalp avulsion is rare but a devastating injury. This condition burdens the patient with disfigured cosmetic appearance and permanent psychosocial trauma. Throughout history, this condition has been favored in women working with mechanics since the long hair function as a vector appliance for oblique pull of the hair into a stationary torque. We present our experience of the replantation of the total avulsed scalp in male, first to be reported in Korea. Warm ischemic time was exceeding 16 hours along with severe crushed condition of the detached margin, a relatively satisfactory result was obtained.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.454-457
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• 1995

To improve the yield of genuine aglycones from glycosides, the conditions of alkaline hydrolysis were investigated, and a modified method was established. The modified method empolyed pyridine as an aprotic solvent. To complete the hydrolysis and obtain 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (1) and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol(2), which are the genuine aglycones of ginsenosides, total ginsenosides were refluxed with sodium methoxide in pyridine. Addition of methanol, a protic polar solvent to the reaction miuxture, led partial hydrolysis yielding a mixture of the genuine prosapogenols. Of the prosapogenols compound 3 and 6 characteristically possessed D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached at the sterically hindered C-20 hydroxyl group. 3 and 6 were not obtaijned by other hydrolysisw methods except by the soil bacterial hydrolysis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1997

The effects of ginseng total saponins (GTS) on hypoxic damage of primary cultures of astrocytes were studied. Hypoxia was created by placing cultures in an air tight chamber that was flushed with 95% $N_2/5%CO_2$ for 15 min before being sealed. Cultures showed evidence of significant cell injury after 24 h of hypoxia (increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content in the culture medium, cell swelling and decreased glutamate uptake and protein content). Addition of GTS (0.1, 0.3 mg/ml) to the cultures during the exposure to hypoxic conditions produced dose-dependent inhibition of the LDH efflux. GTS (0.1, 0.3 mg/ml) also produced significant inhibition of the increased cell volume of astrocytes measured by $[^3H]$ O-methyl-D-glucose uptake under the hypoxic conditions. Decreased glutamate uptake and protein content was inhibited by GTS. These data suggest that GTS prevents astrocytic cell injury induced by severe hypoxia in vitro.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.581-585
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• 1996

A new formal total synthesis of (+)-6-oxo-3, 4, 4a, 5-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-2, 2-dimenthylnaphtho-1, 2-pyran (1) which has been known to have bactericidal, bacteriostatic, fungicidal, fungistatic activities against Staphylococcus aureus and other microorganism, is described. The key reaction involves enantioselective prenylation of .alpha.-tetralone via chiral lithioenamine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.269-273
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• 1990

Blood glucose and total lipid levels in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were determined after intraperitoneal administration of methanolic extract of Ixeris dentat whole plants and its main component, cynaroside (=luteolin 7-O--$\beta$-D-glucoside). From the data obtained, it was concluded that intraperitoneal administration of the methanolic extract produced a significant hypoglycemic effect. Total blood lipids were also decreased. Cynaroside in the streptozotocin-diabetic rats failed to exhibit hypoglycemic effect but a significant hypolipemic activity was observed. Thus, it is suggested that this methanolic extract may contain one or more hypoglycemic and hypolipemic principles including the main flavone glucoside, cynaroside, which can significantly reduce the levels triglyceride and total cholesterol in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.319-323
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• 2022

Total eyelid defect comprises full-thickness loss of both upper and lower eyelids in a patient. It is a rare and devastating condition with serious implications related to vision, which mandates early and functional reconstruction when associated with intact globe. The primary goal is to give a stable coverage for orbital protection but at the same time provide a functional reconstruction of the defect, to allow for adequate mobility of the eyelids so that the patient's vision is restored to normal with minimal disability. When the defect is massive, and in the absence of loco-regional flaps, microvascular tissue transfer is needed. In this report we describe a radial-artery-based microvascular tissue transfer with a unique innovation utilizing the contralateral frontalis muscle to reconstruct a case of unilateral total upper and lower eyelid loss.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.40-43
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• 2009

Purpose: Extensive midface defect following total maxillectomy with orbital exenteration and cheek skin resection should be three dimensionally reconstructed with a large flap that have a sufficient volume of tissue and multiple skin islands. We describe our transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous(TRAM) free flap with three skin islands which was successfully used in this situation. Methods: A 58-year-old man was performed enbloc total maxillectomy including orbital contents and wide cheek skin because of invasive maxillary squamous cell carcinoma. He was immediately reconstructed with TRAM flap that was designed not vertical but transverse fashion for providing sufficient skin area. Also, deepithelialization procedure making for multiple skin islands was done in flap insetting period when appropriate modification according to the intraoperative situation was possible. Dead space was completely obliterated by bulky muscular tissue, and three skin islands were used for lining of lateral nasal wall, palatal surface, and cheek skin restoration. Results: Postoperative course was satisfying. Maintaining of proper ipsilateral nasal airway, loss of rhinolalia and oronasal regurgitation of food particles, and restoration of cheek contour were successfully obtained. Conclusion: We report clinical experience of threedimensional reconstruction using free TRAM flap after total maxillectomy with orbital exenteration.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2004

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of many human degenerative diseases such as cancer, aging, arteriosclerosis, and rheumatism. Much attention has been focused on the development of safe and effective antioxidants. To discover sources of antioxidative activity in marine algae, extracts from 17 kinds of seaweed were screened for their inhibitory effect on total ROS generation in kidney homogenate using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). ROS inhibition was seen in three species: UIva pertusa, Symphyocladia latiuscula, and Ecklonia stolonifera. At a final concentration of 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, U. pertusa inhibited 85.65$\pm$20.28％ of total ROS generation, S. latiscula caused 50.63$\pm$0.09％ inhibitory, and the Ecklonia species was 44.30$\pm$7.33％ inhibition. E. stolonifera OKAMURA (Lam-inariaceae), which belongs to the brown algae, has been further investigated because it is commonly used as a foodstuff in Korea. Five compounds, phloroglucinol (1), eckstolonol (2), eckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), and dieckol (5), isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extrclct of E. stolonifera inhibited total ROS generation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1984

Effects of total ginseng saponin, 20-S-protopanaxadiol saponin, 20-S-protopanaxatriol saponin and playcodon saponin on the osmotic behavior of liposomes were investigated by optical measurement. These saponins showed different activities on liposomal membrane, and cholesterol in liposomes was an important factor to this variation of saponin activities.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.381-384
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• 1995

Covalent binding of the reactive metabolites of SC_42867 to microsomal proteins has been examined. In the absence of inhibitor of cytochrome oxydase (.alpha.-naphtyl-isothiocyanate) or a radical scavenger (3-terthiobuty-4-hydroxyanisol), up to 4.0% of total redioactivity used in the assay could irreversibly bind to proteins. In the presence of an inhibitor, the highest percentage of covalent binding observed is 0.7% a significant decrease of the metabolism of SC42876 was observed. These results suggest in a cytochrome P-450 dependent generation of SC_42867 metabolites significantly take part in the covalent binding process.