• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2002

Nominal shear strength of concrete beam is the combined strength of concrete shear strength and steel shear strength in current design code. But Torsional moment strength of concrete is neglected in calculation of the nominal torsional moment strength of reinforced concrete beam in current revised code. Tensile stress of concrete strut between cracks is still in effect due to tension stiffening effect. But the tensile stresses of concrete after cracking are neglected in bending and torsion in design. The torsional behavior is similar to the shear behavior in mechanics. Therefore the torsional moment strength of concrete should be concluded to the nominal torsional moment strength of reinforced concrete beam. To verify the validity of the proposed model, the nominal torsional moment strengths according to CEB, two ACI codes(89, 99) and proposed model are compared to experimental torsional strengths of 55 test specimens found in literature. The nominal torsional moment strengths by the proposed model show the best results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2013

It is evident that torsional resistance of a reinforced concrete (RC) member is attributed to both concrete and steel reinforcement. However, recent structural design codes neglect the contribution of concrete because of cracking. This paper reports on the results of an experimental and numerical investigation into the torsional capacity of concrete beams reinforced only by longitudinal rebars without transverse reinforcement. The experimental investigation involves six specimens tested under pure torsion. Each specimen was made using a cast-in-place concrete with different amounts of longitudinal reinforcements. To create the torsional moment, an eccentric load was applied at the end of the beam whereas the other end was fixed against twist, vertical, and transverse displacement. The experimental results were also compared with the results obtained from the nonlinear finite element analysis performed in ANSYS. The outcomes showed a good agreement between experimental and numerical investigation, indicating the capability of numerical analysis in predicting the torsional capacity of RC beams. Both experimental and numerical results showed a considerable torsional post-cracking resistance in high twist angle in test specimen. This post-cracking resistance is neglected in torsional design of RC members. This strength could be considered in the design of RC members subjected to torsion forces, leading to a more economical and precise design.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2023

In this study, mechanical, flexural post-cracking, and torsional behaviors of recycled steel fiber-reinforced concrete (RSFRC) incorporating steel fibers obtained from recycling of waste tires were investigated. Initially, three concrete mixes with different fiber contents (0, 40, and 80 kg/m³) were designed and tested in fresh and hardened states. Subsequently, the flexural post-cracking behaviors of RSFRCs were assessed by conducting three-point bending tests on notched beams. It was observed that recycled steel fibers improve the post-cracking flexural behavior in terms of energy absorption, ductility, and residual flexural strength. What's more, torsional behaviors of four RSFRC concrete beams with varying reinforcement configurations were investigated. The results indicated that RSFRCs exhibited an improved post-elastic torsional behaviors, both in terms of the torsional capacity and ductility of the beams. Additionally, numerical analyses were performed to capture the behaviors of RSFRCs in flexure and torsion. At first, inverse analyses were carried out on the results of the three-point bending tests to determine the tensile functions of RSFRC specimens. Additionally, the applicability of the obtained RSFRC tensile functions was verified by comparing the results of the conducted experiments to their numerical counterparts. Finally, it is noteworthy that, despite the scatter (i.e., non-uniqueness) in the aspect ratio of recycled steel fiber (as opposed to industrial steel fiber), their inclusion contributed to the improvement of post-cracking flexural and torsional capacities.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2002

전단문제에서는 일부 설계기준(AASHTO 1994)에 이미 수정압축장이론이 도입되었다. 그리고 현행 콘크리트 설계기준에는 콘크리트의 전단강도가 철근의 전단강도와 합하여 공칭전단강도를 계산하고 있다. 그러나 최근에 개정된 콘크리트설계기준에는 콘크리트의 비틀림강도가 공칭비틀림강도 계산에서 누락되었다. 콘크리트의 인장응력은 비록 크기가 작으나 균열후에 균열사이의 콘크리트에 존재한다. 그러나 휨과 비틀림문제에서는 균열 후 콘크리트의 인장강성은 생략되고 있다. 역학적으로 콘크리트보의 비틀림거동은 전단거동과 매우 유사하다. 그러므로 균열 후 콘크리트의 비틀림강도를 철근콘크리트 보의 공칭비틀림강도의 계산에 포함시켜야 한다. 본 논문에서는 콘크리트의 평균주인장응력이 이루는 콘크리트의 비틀림강도를 횡방향 비틀림철근의 비틀림강도와 함께 공칭비틀림강도를 구성함을 밝혔으며, 이의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 개정 전후의 ACI 의 설계기준에 의한 공칭비틀림강도와 함께 실험값과 비교하였다. 그 결과 본 논문이 제안한 모델에 의한 공칭비틀림강도가 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Retrofitting is an alteration of existing member or component of the structure. In civil engineering point of view, it is called strengthening of the old structure. Deterioration of structures may be due to aging, corrosion, failure of joints, earthquake forces, increase in service loads, etc. Such structures need urgent repair, retrofitting and strengthening to avoid collapse, cracking and loss in strength or deflection. Advanced techniques are required to be developed for the repair of structural components to replace conventional techniques. This paper focuses exclusively on torsional behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams and retrofitted RC beams wrapped with aramid fiber. Beams were retrofitted with aramid fiber by full wrapping and in the form of 150 mm wide strips at a spacing of 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm respectively using epoxy resin and hardener. A total 15 numbers of RC beams of 150 mm×300 mm×1300 mm in size were cast, 3 beams are tested as control specimens, and 12 beams are tested for torsion up to the failure and then retrofitted with aramid fiber. Experimental results are validated with the help of data obtained by finite element analysis using ANSYS. The full wrapping configuration of aramid fiber regains 105% strength after retrofitting. With the increase in spacing of fabric material, torsional strength reduces to 82% with about 45% saving in material.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2013

현행 설계기준들에서는 비틀림모멘트를 받는 철근콘크리트 부재의 취성적인 파괴를 방지하기 위하여 최소비틀림철근비를 규정하고 있다. 그러나, 국내 현행기준 및 ACI318-11에서 규정하고 있는 최소비틀림철근비 산정식은 종방향 최소철근비, 공간트러스모델의 역학적 평형관계 및 여유강도 확보 등의 측면에서 불합리한 문제점들을 내포하고 있다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여, 보다 합리적이고 충분한 강도여유율을 확보할 수 있는 최소비틀림철근비 산정식을 제안하였다. 또한, 제안식을 기존실험 결과와 비교하여 검증하였으며, 제안모델이 모든 대상실험체들의 최소비틀림철근비를 안전측으로 평가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.165-180
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• 2000

An analytical model with tension softening for the prediction of the capacity of prestressed concrete beams under pure torsion and under torsion combined with shear and flexure is introduced. The proposed approach employs bilinear stress-strain relationship with post cracking tension softening branch for the concrete in tension and special failure criteria for biaxial stress states. Further, for the solution of the governing equations a special numerical scheme is adopted which can be applied to elements with practically any cross-section since it utilizes a numerical mapping. The proposed method is mainly applied to plain prestressed concrete elements, but is also applicable to prestressed concrete beams with light transverse reinforcement. The aim of the present work is twofold; first, the validation of the approach by comparison between experimental results and analytical predictions and second, a parametrical study of the influence of concentric and eccentric prestressing on the torsional capacity of concrete elements and the interaction between torsion and shear for various levels of prestressing. The results of this investigation presented in the form of interaction curves, are compared to experimental results and code provisions.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 1988

RC 부재(部材)에 대한 정밀도 높은 하중이력곡선(荷重履歷曲線)의 제안은 합리적인 설계법(設計法)의 수립이라는 관점으로 볼 때 매우 중요하다. 순수비틀림을 받는 RC 부재(部材)의 비틀림모멘트와 비틀림각(角) 관계곡선을 최근 제안한 사람은 Collins, Hsu 등이다. 그러나 그의 비틀림 내력평가(耐力評價) 결과는 극한상태를 제외하고는 모든 하중영역(荷重領域)에 있어서 상당히 과소평가되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 구성방정식(構成方程式)에 콘크리트의 인장강성(引張剛性) 및 수정된 콘크리트 softening 계수(係數)를 도입하여 임의의 하중단계에서도 비틀림내력(耐力)의 정밀도를 높이는데 그 목적(目的)을 두었다. 특히 이론해석(理論解析)의 타당성을 검토하고자 14체(體)의 RC 부재(部材)를 제작하여 재하실험(載荷實驗)을 실시하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.501-520
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• 2015

Presence of torsional loadings can significantly affect the flow of internal forces and deformation capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. It increases the possibility of brittle shear failure leading to catastrophic collapse of structural members. This necessitates accurate prediction of the torsional behaviour of RC members for their safe design. However, a review of previously published studies indicates that the torsional behaviour of RC members has not been studied in as much depth as the behaviour under flexure and shear in spite of its frequent occurrence in bridge columns. Very few analytical models are available to predict the response of RC members under torsional loads. Softened truss model (STM) developed in the University of Houston is one of them, which is widely used for this purpose. The present study shows that STM prediction is not sufficiently accurate particularly in the post cracking region when compared to test results. An improved analytical model for RC square columns subjected to torsion with and without axial compression is developed. Since concrete is weak in tension, its contribution to torsional capacity of RC members was neglected in the original STM. The present investigation revealed that, disregard to tensile strength of concrete is the main reason behind the discrepancies in the STM predictions. The existing STM is extended in this paper to include the effect of tension stiffening for better prediction of behaviour of square RC columns under torsion. Three different tension stiffening models comprising a linear, a quadratic and an exponential relationship have been considered in this study. The predictions of these models are validated through comparison with test data on local and global behaviour. It was observed that tension stiffening has significant influence on torsional behaviour of square RC members. The exponential and parabolic tension stiffening models were found to yield the most accurate predictions.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제16권5호통권72호
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• pp.529-541
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• 2004

콘크리트 충전 강관에 대한 기존의 연구는 단일 압축상태, 휨모멘트 상태, 편심 압축력 상태의 연구만이 행해 졌을 뿐 압축력과 비틀림이 조합된 응력 상태에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 압축력과 비틀림을 받는 원형 CFT 부재의 거동에 대한 특성을 살펴보고 합리적인 해석법을 연구하였다. 원형 CFT부재가 압축력과 비틀림을 받을 경우의 압축 강도와 비틀림 강도를 결정하는데 중요 요소인 구속효과와 부착 응력에 의한 스파이럴 효과를 본 모델에 고려하였다. 이를 위하여 단일 압축응력을 받을 경우 원형 강관에 의해 구속된 콘크리트 코어에 대한 연구가 선행되었다. 또한 비틀림을 받을 경우는 비틀림에 의한 크랙이 콘크리트의 표면을 따라 발생하게 된다. 크랙 발생이후 비틀림을 계속 받게 되면 크랙은 나선형태로 진전되어 콘크리트가 솟아 나오려 하나 강관과 콘크리트 사이의 부착 응력에 의해 억제 되게 된다. 이러한 이유 때문에 코어 콘크리트는 압축응력을 받게 되고 강관만 인장응력을 받게 되는데 이러한 영향 효과를 실제적으로 고려하였다. 연구 결과는 기존의 실험결과와 비교하였으며 제안된 이론은 압축력과 비틀림을 받는 원형 CFT부재의 실제 거동을 합리적으로 설명하고 있다.