• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

By using an approach developed to determine the torque-tension relationship for bolted joints, frictional properties of several typical bolted joints were studied experimentally. The specific property by bolted joints certify that the most significant influence of materials and bearing surface condition. Experiments on thread friction shows that prevailing torque nuts with distorted threads provide benefit for preventing self-loosening of the nut. Repeated tightening-loosening generally increases frictions in a bolted joint. It was noted that the data scatter of the experimental results of frictions in a belted joint may overshadow the influence of size. speed, and contact positions. The results from the experimental investigation will help to better design bolted joints.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.286-290
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• 2013

When a threaded fastener is tightened, the torque-tension relationship is highly sensitive to two friction components: thread friction and head friction. In this study, we carried out friction experiments and analyses to determine the optimum clamping torque setting for bolt joints. First, we measured the coefficients of thread friction and head friction under the same running conditions of the bolt clamping process for lubricated and non-lubricated bolts. We also measured axial tension through bolt clamping tests using lubricated and non-lubricated bolts attached to a strain gauge. Finally, we compared the experiment and theoretical results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.349-357
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• 1990

Power transmission characteristics and speed ratio-torque load-axial force relationship for a metal V-belt CVT were investigated theoretically and experimentally. In the metal V-belt CVT drive, it was found that the power was transmitted by thrust force and that band tension should be greater than compression force between the metal blocks. The experimental results for the speed ratio-torque load-axial force relationship showed good agreement with those predicted using equations developed from theoretical considerations.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.132-142
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• 1999

In this paper, a new formula for primary and secondary thrust of metal belt CVT is proposed considering variation of band tension, block compression and active arc for each of the primary and secondary pulleys. For the secondary thrust, effective friction coefficient is introduced considering the effect of flange deflection. Nondimensional primary and secondary thrust of the metal belt CVT by the new formula agree well with the experimental results except for low torque range, $0\;<\;{\lambda}\;<\;0.2$ at speed ration i = 1.0. The new formula can be used in design of the primary and secondary thrusts control system for the metal belt CVT.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.501-520
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• 2015

Presence of torsional loadings can significantly affect the flow of internal forces and deformation capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. It increases the possibility of brittle shear failure leading to catastrophic collapse of structural members. This necessitates accurate prediction of the torsional behaviour of RC members for their safe design. However, a review of previously published studies indicates that the torsional behaviour of RC members has not been studied in as much depth as the behaviour under flexure and shear in spite of its frequent occurrence in bridge columns. Very few analytical models are available to predict the response of RC members under torsional loads. Softened truss model (STM) developed in the University of Houston is one of them, which is widely used for this purpose. The present study shows that STM prediction is not sufficiently accurate particularly in the post cracking region when compared to test results. An improved analytical model for RC square columns subjected to torsion with and without axial compression is developed. Since concrete is weak in tension, its contribution to torsional capacity of RC members was neglected in the original STM. The present investigation revealed that, disregard to tensile strength of concrete is the main reason behind the discrepancies in the STM predictions. The existing STM is extended in this paper to include the effect of tension stiffening for better prediction of behaviour of square RC columns under torsion. Three different tension stiffening models comprising a linear, a quadratic and an exponential relationship have been considered in this study. The predictions of these models are validated through comparison with test data on local and global behaviour. It was observed that tension stiffening has significant influence on torsional behaviour of square RC members. The exponential and parabolic tension stiffening models were found to yield the most accurate predictions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2004

By using an experimental approach recently developed to determine the torque-tension relationship for bearing frictional characteristics of several typical bolted joints were studied. The experimental approach allows the direct determination of the bearing friction between the nut and its bearing surface. Detailed friction studies were made on the influences of the size and shape of the hole, the use of a slot in a bolted joint, contact area and position, and other factors such as turning speed, coating, and the use of wax on the bearing surface. The contact area and position of the washer have a marginal effect on the bearing friction. The organic coating on the nuts reduces the bearing friction significantly. Nuts with organic coating over a washer with zinc finish provide the smallest and the most consistent bearing friction. The results from the experimental investigation will be helpful for the better design of bolted joints bearing friction. The results from the experimental investigation Will be helpful for the better design of bolted joints.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.424-429
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• 2009

This study aimed to assess the influence of different cross-sectional area on the cyclic fatigue fracture of Ni-Ti rotary files using a fatigue tester incorporating cyclical axial movement. Six brands of Ni-Ti rotary files (ISO 30 size with. 04 taper) of 10 each were tested: Alpha system (KOMET), HeroShaper (MicroMega), K3 (SybronEndo), Mtwo (VDW), NRT (Mani), and ProFile (Dentsply). A fatigue-tester (Denbotix) was designed to allow cyclic tension and compressive stress on the tip of the instrument. Each file was mounted on a torque controlled motor (Aseptico) using a 1:20 reduction contra-angle and was rotated at 300 rpm with a continuous, 6 mm axial oscillating motion inside an artificial steel canal. The canal had a $60^{\circ}$ angle and a 5 mm radius of curvature. Instrument fracture was visually detected and the time until fracture was recorded by a digital stop watch. The data were analyzed statistically. Fractographic analysis of all fractured surfaces was performed to determine the fracture modes using a scanning electron microscope. Cross-sectional area at 3 mm from the tip of 3 unused Ni-Ti instruments for each group was calculated using Image-Pro Plus (Imagej 1.34n, NIH). Results showed that NRT and ProFile had significantly longer time to fracture compared to the other groups (p < .05). The cross-sectional area was not significantly associated with fatigue resistance. Fractographycally, all fractured surfaces demonstrated a combination of ductile and brittle fracture. In conclusion, there was no significant relationship between fatigue resistance and the cross-sectional area of Ni-Ti instruments under experimental conditions.