• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.436-444
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• 2010

연구목적: 이 연구는 근관치료 전문의에 의해 시행된 비외과적 근관치료의 임상적 성공률을 전향적으로 평가하고, 치료 성공율과 관련된 환자요인과 치아요인의 영향력을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 비외과적 근관치료가 이루어진 441개 치아 중 175개의 치아를 1-2년 후 임상적 검진과 방사선촬영을 하였다. 결과: 치근단 방사선 병소의 유무로 평가된 비외과적 근관치료의 성공율은 81.1% 였다. 치아요인 중 재근관치료, 괴사된 치수, 치수병변에서 유래된 치은의 부종 또는 sinus tract, 그리고 치료 전 치근단 병변의 존재는 이변수분석에서 치료성공에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 환자요인, 치아요인과 근관충전의 길이를 포함한 단계적 로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 치수병변에서 유래된 치은의 문제 (odds ratio [OR]: 4.4; p = 0.005), 치료 전 치근단 병변의 존재 (OR: 3.6; p = 0.011), 그리고 치근단에서부터 1-2 mm 짧은 근관충전 (OR: 9.6; p = 0.012) 이 치료 실패와 관련된 주요한 요인으로 나타났다. 결론: 치료 전 치근단 병변의 존재뿐만 아니라 치수병변에서 유래된 치은의 부종 또는 sinus tract의 존재는 비외과적 근관치료의 실패에 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1979

A study was made primarily to investigate vertical and horizontal distortion of the image at the apical region of the dental roots in orthopantomographs. The subjects consisted of two dry skulls with radiopaque materials attached to root surface. Measuring of the width and length of each predetermined point at 23 teeth was performed in dry skulls and radiographic films. The results obtained were as follows; 1. There was overall magnification of image in the vertical dimension. And anterior portion had greater magnification rate than posterior portion, while lower anterior portion had less magnification rate than upper anterior portion. 2. There was reduction of the image in the horizontal dimension of the teeth, because of the position relation between dry skull and image layer of the orthopantomograph. 3. There was a significant difference in distortion rate between the oposite teeth. 4. Cervical portion of the tooth had more decreased rate of horizontal distortion than apical portion.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.397-412
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution in the dentin and post structures by the various post core materials and the amount of remaining coronal tooth structures. The 2-dimensional finite element models of mandibular 2nd premolars was divided into seven types according to the various amount of remaining coronal tooth structures. All types were modeled using equal length, diameter and shape of the post. 2 types of post and core materials were used : 1) cast gold post and core 2) stainless steel post and compsite resin core 10 Newton force was applied as follows 1) vertical force on occlusal fossa 2) $45^{\circ}$ oblique force on buccal surface of buccal cusp tip The results were as follows : 1. There was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution according to the amount of remaining coronal tooth structure. 2. There was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution within the dentin according to the post and core materials. A cast gold post and core generated lower dentin stress than a stainless steel post and resin core. 3. Max. dentinal stress resulting from vertical force was observed in the lingual side of dentin around the crown margin.This stress resulting from oblique force was observed in the lingual root surface of alveolar bone crest level.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.181-192
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• 1997

The difficulty of endodontic retreatment depends on various factors and it is affected by retention of post. In this experiment, root canal therapy was done in extracted human teeth and cut into 10mm length from the root apex, and then cemented by zinc phosphate cement, Vitremer$^{(R)}$(glass ionomer) luting cement and Panavia 21$^{(R)}$(resin cement). Post preparation was done by #4 Parapost drill at 6mm length and cement was inserted by lentulo spiral. After 24 hours, tensile bond strength, post removal time was measured after the ultrasonic application and the separation site was measured. The following results were obtained. 1. In measuring tensile bond strength, there is no statistical difference between zinc phosphate cement and Panavia 21$^{(R)}$, but Vitremer$^{(R)}$ showed lower value compared with those two cements. (p<0.001) 2. When the post removal time was measured after ultrasonic application, significant different value in order of Panavia 21$^{(R)}$, zinc phosphate cement and Vitremer$^{(R)}$ was shown. (p<0.001) 3. As a result of examining the separating site of each cement, all 16 of zinc phosphate cement group showed the fracture site between cement and post, Vitremer$^{(R)}$ was 13/16, and Panavia 2$^{(R)}$ was 8/16. In case of tooth restoration using Parapost, the use of Panavia 21 showed good retention property than Vitremer$^{(R)}$, but when retreatment is needed the difficulty of post removal will be increased.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2008

Purpose: The attachment level is strongly associated with tooth loss and provides useful information on patterns of destruction of the periodontium. The presence of horizontal attachment loss would not be detected in clinical measurement. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to estimate the patterns of periodontal destruction based on the attachment area and horizontal attachment loss in extracted teeth due to severe periodontitis. Materials and Methods: 307 teeth satisfied the criteria for assessment. An indirect method, based on digital images obtained from a digital camera and an image analysis program, was used to calculate the area of root surface and attachment loss and the extent of horizontal attachment loss. The data were analysed using SPSS. Results: No statistically significant differences among root surfaces were observed in anterior teeth on the loss of attachment area. However, in posterior teeth statistically significant differences in palatal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular premolar and molar surfaces compared with buccal surfaces were observed. Horizontal attachment loss was observed in 21.5% of the teeth examined. Frequency of horizontal attachment loss was highest in the maxillary first premolar (34.8%), followed by the maxillary second premolar (27.3%) and maxillary canine (25%). The mean length of horizontal attachment loss was 1.5mm. Conclusion: More meticulous examination will be needed of the palatal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular premolar and molar teeth. The percentage of teeth with horizontal attachment loss greater than 2.1 mm was 5.2%. Considering the length of curette blades, about 5.2% of teeth were not properly debrided. Therefore, Additional supportive therapy such as local drug delivery has to be considered in treatment of the first maxillary, second premolar and canine due to the high prevalence of horizontal attachment loss.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.324-336
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• 2011

전치의 후방 견인 시 적절한 치아 이동 상태 조절은 필수적이다. 설측 장치를 이용한 레버 암 길이의 조절을 통하여 치아 이동에 관한 연구는 있었으나 3차원적인 변위 양상에 대한 연구는 많이 이루어지지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 상악 전치부의 레버 암(lever arm)의 길이를 5 mm 단위로 20 mm까지 증가시켰으며 대구치와 TPA (trans palatal arch) 상에 있는 견인 훅(hook)의 위치를 달리 하여 200 gm의 후방 견인력을 가했을 때 나타나는 치아 변위 양상과 응력분포를 3차원적 유한요소분석을 통하여 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 아시아 성인의 표본조사를 통해 제작된 치아모형(Nissan Dental Product, Kyoto, Japan)을 3차원적으로 스캐닝한 후 상악치아, 치주인대, 치조골에 대한 유한요소 모델을 제작하였다. 각 치아의 절단연과 치근첨의 이동량을 x, y, z 좌표에서 각각 계산하여 치열의 변위 양상을 분석하고 von Mises 응력 분포를 계측하였다. 연구 결과, 정상 교합 모형의 레버 암 길이가 15 mm, 20 mm인 경우 전치 절단연과 치근첨의 설측 변위가 유도되었다. 본 실험의 조건 중 20 mm에서 치근첨의 설측 변위는 최대로 나타났다. 구치부 견인 훅이 치근첨에 있을 때 대구치 치관은 원심 방향으로 변위되었다. 또한 레버 암의 길이가 20 mm인 경우 전치부의 정출은 미약하였고 견치 치관은 협측 방향으로 전위되었다. 이 때 구치부 견인 훅의 위치가 TPA의 구개 중앙 측에 있을 때보다 가장자리 측에 있을 때 견치 치관은 더 많이 전위되었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 설측 장치를 이용한 상악 6전치의 후방 견인 시 레버 암의 길이가 길고 구치부 견인 훅의 위치가 구개 중앙부에 있을 때 전치부 절단연(incisal edge)의 정출 없이 견치의 측방 전위 및 전치부 절단연과 치근첨의 설측 변위가 공히 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate vertical bone loss and alveolar bone thickness in the maxillary and mandibular incisors of patients with skeletal class III malocclusion. This study also aimed to evaluate the periodontal condition of class III malocclusion patients who had not undergone orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The sample included cone-beam computed tomography scans of 24 Korean subjects (3 male and 21 female). Alveolar bone thickness (ABT), alveolar bone area (ABA), alveolar bone loss (ABL), and fenestration of the maxillary and mandibular incisors were measured using 3-dimensional imaging software. Results: All incisors displayed an ABT of less than 1.0 mm from the labial surface to root level 7 (70% of the root length). A statistically significant difference was observed between the mandibular labial and lingual ABAs and between the maxillary labial and mandibular labial ABAs. The lingual ABA of the mandibular lateral incisors was larger than that of the mandibular central incisors. ABL was severe on the labial surface. A statistically significant difference was observed between the maxillary and mandibular labial ABL values(21.8% and 34.4%, respectively). Mandibular lingual ABL (27.6%) was significantly more severe than maxillary lingual ABL (18.3%) (P<0.05). Eighty-two fenestrations were found on the labial surfaces of the incisors, while only 2 fenestrations were observed on the lingual surfaces. Fenestrations were most commonly observed at root level 6. Conclusion: Careful evaluation is needed before orthodontic treatment to avoid iatrogenic damage of periodontal support when treating patients with class III malocclusion.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2011

상악 견치의 매복은 소아치과 의사가 흔히 접할 수 있는 맹출장애이며, 이를 방치하였을 경우 인접치의 치근 흡수, 낭종 형성 등의 임상적인 문제점을 유발할 수 있다. 이에 대한 치료는 간단한 유치 발치에서부터 매복치아의 교정적 견인, 외과적 자가이식 등 다양한 방법을 고려할 수 있다. 이 중 자가 이식은 매복치아가 교정적 견인술을 시행하기 어려운 위치에 존재하거나 재위치 시키는데 실패했을 경우에 매복치아의 발거에 앞서 고려할 수 있으며, 그 예후는 치근의 완성도, 환자연령, 외과적 술식, 근관치료 시기, 치아고정 기간 등에 의해 결정된다. 본 두 증례들은 혼합치열기 말기에 상악 견치가 매복된 환자에서 그 매복 위치가 자발적인 맹출 유도나 교정적 견인 및 배열이 어렵다고 판단된 경우이며, 자가 이식 후 근관치료와 교정 치료를 시행하고 현재까지 성공적으로 유지되고 있어 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2001

원하는 형태의 치아이동을 얻기 위해서는 M/F(Moment/Force) ratio의 조절이 필요하며, 이출 위해서는 치아의 저항중심의 위치를 아는 것은 매우 중요한 일이다. 본 연구에서는 실제 치아주위 환경을 비교적 유사하게 재현할 수 있는 치조골상과 치아의 이동을 시뮬레이션하는 장치를 제작하고, LVDT출 이용한 3차원 운동을 실시간으로 측정할 수 있는 시스템을 사용하여, 힘에 대한 3차원 공간상에서의 치주인대 응력 분포 양상 및 치아 저항중심과 회전축의 위치변화를 계측한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 상악 견치에 원심방향으로 힘을 가했을 때, 치아의 저항중심의 위치는 힘의 크기와는 무관하였으며, 치근의 치경부측 약 $29\%$ 부위에 위치하였다. 이는 2차원 모형($42\%$) 보다 치관 쪽에 위치한다. 2. 모멘트만 가하는 경우 치아의 저항중심과 회전축은 일치하였다. 3. 치아에 가해지는 모멘트가 증가하는 경우 방향에 관계없이 치아는 정출되는 경향을 보였다. 4. 힘이 가해진 위치, 저항중심, 회전축간에는 일정한 관계가 성립했다 (a x b = $49.6\;mm^2$). 이 관계식을 통해서 수평력이 가해질 때 예상되는 치아운동 양상을 알 수 있다. 5. 수평력이 가해질 때 회전축의 위치는 일직선으로 나타난다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.567-578
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The endodontically treated tooth is generally restored with post and core, owing to the brittle and the loss of large amount of tooth structure. As periodontal treatment was developed, there are many cases that periodontally involved teeth used in prosthetic treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution in the dentin and post structures by the various post materials and the amount of remaining alveolar bone height. Material and method: The 3-dimensional finite element models of mandible 1st premolars were divided into six types according to the various amount of remaining alveolar bone and post type. All types were modeled using equal length, diameter and shape of the post. Three types of post and core materials were used: prefabricated titaniumpost and amalgam core, prefabricated stainless steel post and amalgam core, and cast gold post and core. 300 Newton force was applied to functional cusp of mandible 1st premolar. Results: The results were as follows: First, there was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution according to the alveolar bone condition concentrate on the post middle area. Second, there was difference in pattern of stress distribution according to the core materials, gold post and core generated same than amalgam core. Third, there was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution within the dentin according to the post and core materials. But a cast gold post and core generated the lowest maximum stress value, a stainless steel post generated the highest maximum stress value. Fourth, in the reduced alveolar bone model, maximum stress value is 1.5 times than that of the normal alveolar bone model. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, to provide minimal stress to the root with alveolar bone reduced, the post length may be as long as apical seal was not destroyed. To prevent fracture of tooth, it is rational to use gold alloy which material was good for stress distribution for post materials.