• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.258-263
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• 2000

Under the optimal cutting conditions, determined the machinability difference of cutting tools are by two major factors. One is the geometric shape of the cutting tool, and the other is the tool materials or heat treatment or coating of the cutting tool. In this research, we evaluated the machinability of cutting tools with conventional HSS and P/M(powder metallurgy) which was made from the different of materials and manufacture processes. Tool wear, surface roughness, cutting force and squareness of machined workpiece were evaluated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1290-1295
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• 1988

Theoretical considerations in the development of new cutting tool materials for high speed machining is presented. The progressive wear of cutting tools is assumed to consist of the abrasive and solution components as major modes. Theoretical calculations of relative wear rates between various tool materials based on the two modes are possible using their hardness and solubility data. Assuming cementite as the major hard particles in machining steels, relative wear rates of possible tool materials were calculated. The results indicate that $Al_{2}$O$_{3}$ in oxides, HfN in nitrides and HfC in carbides are the optimal tool materials from the view point of mechanical and thermochemical wear resistance. And several methods for improving the fracture toughness of the above tool materials are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.215-218
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• 2005

For the production of cold forged parts with near-net-shape attributes, the quality of the tool system is responsible for an essential portion of costs fer the finished components. Therefore, a tool lift is one of the important issues on cold forging industry. There are many complicated variables related with tool life, such as material, heat-treatment, coating, lubricant, process design. In this study, heat-treatment of tool material and lubricant are investigated to improve the tool life. Deep cryogenic treatment of tool steel is very efficient to improve the wear resistance due to the fine carbide. And, friction factor of lubricants for cold forging are measured by the ring compression test. Zinc-Phosphate and $MoS_2$ lubricant is effective to sustain the friction factor under 0.1.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.297-301
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• 2002

High-speed machining generates concenter thermal/frictional damage at the cutting ed rapidly decreases the tool life. This paper I at determining the effect of cutter orienter the cutting environment on tool life, tool mechanism when down milling. In this paper, experiments were carried out in various tool and cutting environments, such as dry, wet compressed chilled air, tool life were measu evaluate machinability in high-speed milli difficult-to-cut material and die steel, Tool measured in horizontal upwards, horiz downwards, vertical upwards and vert downwards. In addition, tool life was measur dry, wet and compressed chilled air. For this a compressed chi1led-air system was manufact The results show that a horizontal cutter ori provided a longer tool life than a vertical orientation. With respect to the cutting envi compressed chilled air increased tool life. H the wet condition decreased tool life due thermal shock caused by excessive cooling high-speed mill ins and the compressed chilled had little effect.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.496-504
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• 2005

The thermal and mechanical properties of an electro-slag cast steel of a similar chemical composition with an AISI-6F2 steel are investigated and compared with a forged AISI-6F2 steel. AISI-6F2 is a hot-working tool steel. Electro-slag casting (ESC) is a method of producing ingots in a water-cooled metal mold by the heat generated in an electrically conductive slag when current passes through a consumable electrode. The ESC method provides the possibility of producing material for the high quality hot-working tools and ingots directly into a desirable shape. In the present study, the thermal and mechanical properties of yield strength, tensile strength, hardness, impact toughness, wear resistance, thermal fatigue resistance, and thermal shock resistance for electro-slag cast and forged steel are experimentally measured for both annealed and quenched and tempered heat treatment conditions. It has been found that the electro-slag cast steel has comparable thermal and mechanical properties to the forged steel.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.166-171
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• 2004

Recent developments in Bridge Management Systems (BMS) and in Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) of bridges, have raised the need for evaluation procedure of future condition (Deterioration) of a bridge. Predicting future deterioration is not an easy task due to limited past data to extrapolate from and also due to difficulty in measuring actual deterioration such as section loss of steel on an actual steel bridge. Also, increase in live load and reduction of resistance are random variables, thus a probabilistic approach should be adopted for determining the future deterioration. Due to difficulties in evaluation of future deterioration on steel bridges, accepting uncertainties within a reasonable error, a deterministic procedure using bridge condition rating can be a useful tool for projection of future condition of bridges to identify repair and maintenance needs. The object of this paper is to determine applicability of evaluating deterioration of steel bridge components based on Bridge condition ratings. Bridge condition ratings of bridge components show wide variation for bridges of same age and does not directly correlate well with the age of the bridge and/or deterioration of the bridge. High uncertainty can be reduced by breaking down the rating and by sensitivity analysis. From refined condition rating data, generalized deterioration profile of structures based on age can be derived. Examples are shown for sample bridges in USA. Approximately, 3,000 short to medium span steel bridges were listed in the inventory database. Results show wide variation of rating factors but by subdividing the Bridge condition ratings for various categories general deterioration profiles of steel bridges can be determined.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.218-223
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• 2020

This study was conducted to observe the difference in muscle activity by IASTM between a tool made of PLA made with a 3D printer and a tool made of ready-made stainless steel. This study was attended by 10 adults in their twenties, and all subjects participated in both the PLA group and the Stainless group, received IASTM. %MVIC was measured by measuring muscle activity after intervention, and this was verified through comparison between groups through the Mann-Whitney U test. The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the %MVIC value of the biceps brachii after intervention. Therefore, in the application of IASTM, there was no difference in muscle activity depending on the material of the tool, which seems to be that the IASTM tool made of PLA made with a 3D printer produced similar results in the ability to control neuromuscular muscles and the ready-made product made of stainless steel. Therefore, in a future study, the effectiveness of the tool will be verified for the various patient group.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.75-96
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• 2001

Actual buckling curves are always characterised by the erosion of ideal buckling curves. In case of compact sections this erosion is due to the imperfections, while for thin-walled members, a supplementary erosion is induced by the phenomenon of coupled instabilities. The ECBL approach- Erosion of Critical Bifurcation Load - represents a practical and convenient tool to characterise the instability behaviour of thin-walled members. The present state-of-art paper describes the theoretical background of this method and the applications to cold-formed steel sections in compression and bending. Special attention is paid to the evaluation methods of erosion coefficient and to their validation. The ECBL approach can be also used to the plastic-elastic interactive buckling of thin-walled members, and the paper provides significant results on this line.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.195-198
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• 2009

In this study, in order to get the forming limit of AHSS sheet in the negative minor strain region, the shapes of die corner and drawbead are redesigned by employing the Taguchi's design of experiment method and the FEM forming simulation. With the redesigned FLD tool, the forming limit tests of automotive multi-phase(Dual Phase and Complex Phase) steel sheets which induce the normal fractures on the blank are performed.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1984

Carburizing of a 12%Cr steel containing 0.6%Si was performed at 950$^{\circ}C$ for various times, and the microstructure, hardness and the water characteristics of the carburized chromium steel were examined. The results obtained in this study are as follows: 1. Carbide-dispersed layer (CD layer) with fine dispersion of $Cr_7C_3$ in martensite matrix was formed by carburizing. The radius and amount of the carbides in the surface region of CD layer were about 0.3${\mu}m$ and 35% by volume, respectively. 2. Chromium steel carburized and quench-tempered showed better wear resistance and hardness than ordinary high chromium tool steel. It is concluded from these results that fine dispered carbides are very effective in improving wear resistance and hardness.