• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.43-46
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• 2018

Chondroid choristomais a rare tumor like lesion of normal tissue in an unusual location. Oral cavity chondroid choristoma is exceedingly uncommon. This lesion is commonly covered by normal oral mucosa and can develop during a whole lifetime. We experienced a case of 57-year-old man who presented as 6-months history of asymptomatic mass on the dorsal surface of the tongue. We performed surgical excision under local anesthesia, and the pathological diagnosis was chondroid choristoma. After surgery, patient was followed up without any recurrence and discomfort. Therefore, we report this case with a review of literature.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Objective: The aim of this prospective, case-controlled study was to assess the difference of the amount of tongue coating between halitosis and non-halitosis patients using a digital tongue diagnosis system (DTDS). Methods: Sixty-five patients complaining of oral malodor were recruited for the study. The level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in the oral cavity of the patients was measured by a portable gas chromatography. All patients were then divided into two groups, the halitosis group ($H_2S{\geq}1.5ng$/10ml, or $CH_3SH{\geq}0.5ng$/10ml) and the non-halitosis group ($H_2S$<1.5ng/10ml and $CH_3SH$<0.5ng/10ml), according to the VSC level criteria published by Tonzetich. Tongue images of the two groups were acquired and analyzed by DTDS, followed by the analysis of the tongue coating scores. Results: The tongue coating scores of the halitosis group were significantly higher than of the non-halitosis group (P=0.033). Furthermore, the difference of the posterior tongue coating between the two groups was more significant (P=0.000). Conclusions: Halitosis patients were shown to have a thicker tongue coating than those in the non-halitosis group. Moreover, the posterior dorsum of the tongue should be observed more cautiously when dealing with halitosis patients. Also, the progress and state of the patient's symptom of halitosis as diagnosed objectively by the portable gas chromatography could also possibly be analyzed instead by the DTDS tongue coating score.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

The present study investigated the effects of two different sources of prosodic strengthening, i.e., boundary and accent, in the articulation of English high front vowels, /i/ and /I/. The vowels were investigated in vowel-initial ('eat' vs. 'it'), /h/-initial ('heat' vs. 'hit') and /p/-initial words ('Pete' vs. 'pit'), which were placed in varying prosodic conditions. Using Electromagnetic Articulograph (EMA), the tongue dorsum positions in the x and y dimensions, the lip opening and the jaw opening (lowering) were measured. With respect to the boundary-induced strengthening, results showed that /i/ and /I/ in vowel-initial words ('eat' - 'it') are produced with a higher tongue position in the domain-intial than domain-medial positions. The fact that the vowels only in the vowel-initial condition showed the domain-intial strengthening (DIS) effect suggests that the DIS effect is localized mainly to the initial position (the locality account). As for the accent-induced strengthening, vowels were produced with a more fronted tongue position and larger lip opening in accented than unaccented positions. This suggests that the presence of accent increases overall sonority of the vowels in various prosodic contexts, and enhances primarily the frontedness of the front high vowels. Taken together, the results indicate that the two types of prosodic strengthening are articulatorily realized differently, supporting the view that they are encoded separately in the speech planning process. The present study also showed the distinction between the two high front vowels in the tongue position (in both the frontedness and the height dimensions), while the jaw did not seem to contribute to the distinction robustly, suggesting that the tongue contributes more in distinguishing the two vowels than the jaw does.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 1987

This study was undertaken to find out oropharyngeal movement of the class III malocclusion patients during swallowing by using the cinefluoroscopic method. The experimental group was composed of fifteen male adults with class III malocclusion whose mean age was 24.4 yrs. The control group was composed of fifteen male adults with normal occlusion whose mean age was 24.8 yrs. The results were as follows: 1. The horizontal position of the tongue tip was more anterior in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group through all stages. 2. The tongue level was lower in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group during stage 1, stage 3, and stage 4. 3. The horizontal position of the hyoid bone was more anterior in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group during stage 1 only. 4. The tip of the soft palate was lower in the class III malocclusion group than in the normal group during stage 1 only, and there was no significant difference in the velar movement between the class III malocclusion group and the normal group during swallowing. 5. There was a significant difference in the interincisal distance, but no significant difference in the intermolar distance between the class III malocclusion group and the normal group through all stages. 6. Among 4 stages of each group, there was a significant difference in the movements of the dorsum of the tongue, the hyoid bone, and the soft palates And there was a significant difference in the movement .of the tongue tip of the normal group, but no significant difference in the movement of the tongue tip of the class III malocclusion group.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.27-33
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• 2011

This paper explores two articulatory characteristics of inter-consonantal coordination observed in lingual-lingual (/kt/, /ks/) and labial-lingual (/pt/) sequences. Using electromagnetic articulometry (EMMA), temporal aspects of the lip movement and lingual movement (of the tongue tip and the tongue dorsum) were examined. Three sequences (/ks/, /kt/, /pt/) were investigated in two respects: gestural overlap in C1C2 and formation duration of coronals in C2 (/t/ or /s/). Results are summarized as follows. First, in a sequence of two stop consonants gestural overlap did not vary with order contrast or a low-level motor constraint on lingual articulators. Gestural overlap between two stop consonants was similar in both /kt/ (lingual-lingual; back-to-front) and /pt/ (labial-lingual; front-to-back). Second, gestural overlap was not simply constrained by place of articulation. Two coronals (/s/ and /t/) shared the same articulator, the tongue tip, but they showed a distinctive gestural overlap pattern with respect to /k/ in C1 (/ks/ (less overlap) < /kt/ (more overlap)). Third, temporal duration of the tongue tip gesture varied as a function of manner of articulation of the target segment in C2 (/ks/ (shorter) < /kt/ (longer)) as well as a function of place of articulation of the segmental context in C1 (/pt/ (shorter) < /kt/ (longer)). There are several implications associated with the results from Korean non-assimilating contexts. First, Korean can be better explained in the way of its language-specific gestural pattern; gestural overlap in Korean is not simply attributed to order contrast (front-to-back vs. back-to-front) or a physiological motor constraint on lingual articulators (lingual-lingual vs. nonlingual-lingual). Taking all factors into consideration, inter-gestural coordination is influenced not only by C1 (place of articulation) but also C2 (manner of articulation). Second, the jaw articulator could have been a factor behind a distinctive gestural overlap pattern in different C1C2 sequences (/ks/ (less overlap) vs. /kt/ and /pt/ (more overlap)). A language-specific gestural pattern occurred with reference to a physiological motor constraint on the jaw articulator.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.197-207
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• 1990

This comparative study was undertaken to investigate the position of the hyoid bone in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals. The materials for this study consisted of 35 subjects with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (25 males, 10 females) and 40 subjects with normal facial morphology (20 males, 20 females). Cephalometric measurements of unilateral cleft and palate individuals were compared with those of non-cleft individuals. The conclusions of this study were obtained as follows: 1. To the anterior cranial base, the hyoid bone in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals was located downward as compared with non-cleft individuals. 2. To the mandible, the hyoid bone in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals was located backward as compared with non-cleft individuals. 3. The distance between the dorsum of the tongue and the inferior border of the hard palate in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals was longer than that in non-cleft individuals. 4. Unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals showed no significant difference in the distance between the hyoid bone and the dorum of the tongue as compared with non-cleft individuals.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.437-442
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• 2018

Patients with a wide range of cerebrovascular disease may have difficulty in opening their mouths, resulting in failing to swallow foods and maintain their oral hygiene. K-point was introduced as an effective trigger point to stimulate the jaw opening reflex for those patients. K-point stimulation may be useful as one of methods of helping open the jaw for dental examinations, or for placing foods onto the dorsum of the tongue and swallowing them effectively. Although this method cannot always guarantee the success of the jaw opening for every patient, it may still be considered to be an effective one to apply to patients having difficulty in jaw opening and swallowing disorder.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2010

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is bacterial infection, with more than half of the world population infected and oral cavity is considered second reservoir of H. pylori infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate role of oral cavity in H. pylori infection by comparison of the mode H. pylori infection in oral cavity and stomach. We recruited 100 subjects without systemic disease including gastrointestinal disease. Samples in oral cavity taken on gingival sulcus fluid(GSF) of lower left central incisor and 1st molar, area of buccal mucosa, dorsum of the tongue, palatal and saliva. We analyzed by Nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for oral infection and Urea Breath Test(UBT) for gastric infection. The results were as follows : 1. Among these 100 subjects, 36(36%) were positive by Nested PCR and 33(33%) were positive by UBT(p>0.05). 2. In detection rate of H. pylori in sites taken sample, 11(11%), 8(8%), 9(9%), 3(3%), 9(9%), 7(7%) were positive on GSF of lower left central incisor and 1st molar, area of buccal mucosa, dorsum of the tongue, palatal and saliva, respectively. Statical significance was observed in samples of GSF of lower left central incisor and area of dorsum of the tongue(p<0.05). 3. In comparison of the mode of H. pylori infection in oral cavity and stomach by analytic method, positive in oral cavity and stomach was 10(10%), negative in oral cavity and positive in stomach was 23(23%), positive in oral cavity and negative in stomach was 26(26%) and negative in oral cavity and stomach was 41(41%)(p>0.05). Conclusively, we can guess that oral H. pylori is not associated with gastric H. pylori infection and normal flora.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2001

In order to determine how oral mucosal change relates to inducing factors of burning mouth syndrome, the difference in pain perception scale and keratinization rate between burning mouth syndrome patients and normal subjects were investigated. Twenty patients (13 female, 7 male, mean age: 59 years), presenting in the Department of Oral Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital were participated in this study. All subjects had been complaining of constant oral burning pain for more than a year, none took any strong analgesics, and none had oral mucosal lesions. Twenty volunteers (11 females, 9 males, mean age: 25 years) were also participated in this study as a control group. The control subjects had never had any symptoms of oral burning pain. A thermal stimulation using a Nd-YAG laser and cytological smear were carried out to anterodorsal part of tongue, tip of tongue, the left buccal mucosa, the lower lip mucosa and the chief complaint site. Stimulation of the dorsum of left hand was also carried out to contrast the mucosal area of burning mouth syndrome subjects and the control subjects. The laser output power could be adjusted from 0.75W to 4W. The pain perception scale of the burning mouth syndrome subjects were lower than in control subjects in the chief complaint area, the anterodorsal part of tongue and the buccal mucosa(p<0.01). The keratinization rate of burning mouth syndrome subjects, however, was higher keratinization rate than in normal subjects in the same area and lower lip mucosa(p<0.001). From above results, the anterodorsal part of tongue is the most appropriate site to use diagnostic laser stimulation. The higher level of keratinization and the lower level of thermal pain perception of the burning mouth syndrome subjects are explained as a protective mechanism against xerostomia and burning sensations. The application of Nd-YAG laser stimuli and cytological smear to oral mucosal surface could therefore be usefully employed as appropriate and standardized diagnostic tools for chronic orofacial pain subjects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.537-545
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• 2016

This research examined the oral environmental factors to identify the risk factors for oral bacteria detection. This study comprised of 60 office workers aged between 20 and 65 years, and was performed from January 15 to February 28, 2015. The study variables measured were the stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates, salivary buffering, saliva pH, dry mouth at the dorsum of the tongue and the sublingual region, halitosis, and the degree of tongue-coating as oral environmental factors. To identify the presence of oral bacteria, pathogens were detected by extracting the gDNA of the resting salivary flow rate. The risk of S.mutans detection was 15 times higher with smokers, 1.3~1.6 times higher when the resting or stimulated salivary flow rate was reduced by 1 mm. The risk of P.intermedia detection was 13 times higher in smokers, 4.3 times higher as the severity of oral dryness was lowered, and 4 times higher for adults with a tongue coating than those without. In addition, the risk of detecting TM7 was 5.5 times higher as sublingual dryness was decreased by 1mm. The oral bacterial count will be reduced considerably by smoking cessation education and habits that facilitate a salivary flow rate. Furthermore, adults with good and well-managed dental hygiene are anticipated to have less oral bacteria and fewer dental diseases.