• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.33-38
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• 2004

Toner particles used in laser and xerographic printing process is fused on paper surface so strongly that they tend not to detach easily from the recylced paper surface during pulping. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of detached toner particles by conventional screening and flotation process has limitation due to the platy shape and large size of detached toner particles. It has been shown that the removal efficiency of toners in the screening process can be increased by agglomerating the toner particles with fatty alcohol. It is not possible, however, to remove small and platy toner particles by screening process. These small and platy toner particles should be removed by flotation process. In this study the effect of fatty alcohol that used for toner agglomeration on flotation efficiency has been examined. It was shown that flotation efficiency decreased when fatty alcohol was used most probably due to its effect of reducing hydrophobicity of toner particles.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.24-32
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• 2004

Toner used in xerographic printing process is hydrophobic powder with low surface energy. The toner ink film fused on paper surface can be efficiently detached from a fiber surface during pulping, but it does not fragment again into fine toner particles. Ink agglomerates that result have too large particle size to be deinked by flotation. The purpose of this study is to enhance toner agglomeration using 1-octadecanol for improving the toner removal by screening. The effect of pH, pulping temperature, and 1-octadecanol on toner agglomeration and removal by screening was investigated using image analysis methods. Results showed that the size of toner agglomerates increased substantially when pulping was carried out at high temperature under acidic condition. When toner agglomerates showed spherical shape, the particle removal efficiency of screening was improved.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2012

Because of development of printing technology, toner cartridge particle becomes smaller and more dangerous. And sometimes we had incidents with dust explosion of toner cartridge particle at recycling facilities in Japan. Therefore we studied on hazard of toner particle relating with dust explosion. We found that toner particle is so dangerous compared with most organic solids, even though it does not belong to hazardous materials in the UN regulation and the Japanese Fire Service Law.

• 정보저장시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.75-80
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• 2005

Study for toner adhesion is known as an important role in electrophotography. In this research, a centrifugal detachment method was used to measure the adhesion force of several hundred particles simultaneously and to determine its sensitivity to particle size. For uncharged toner particles, we estimated the van der Waals force based on the centrifugal farce experiments. Then for charged toner particles, the centrifugal force experiments were carried out. The difference between the results for charged toner particles and the results for uncharged toner particles was compared with the image force calculated from a model which assumed that the toner charge was located at the center of the particle. In the calculations, experimental data obtained by E-SPART (Electrical- Single Particle Aerodynamic Relaxation Time) analyzer were used. The adhesion force of micro-sized toner particles deposited on the DR surface was found to be approximately 1${\~}$3 nN.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2009

Understanding the adhesion behavior and characteristics of toner film is required to achieve image and text printing with high quality resolution. Toner can be considered as a thin film coating on a media such as paper or polymer film. Quantitative measurement of adhesion characteristics of the thin film is important to assess the reliability of the system. In this work the main objective was to investigate the adhesion characteristic between the toner and the media by ramp loading scratch test method. The scratch test may be used to obtain quantitative information about the adhesion of the film to the substrate. In the scratch test a diamond tip was used to scratch the surface of the toner film under an increasing normal load until the toner detached or fractured. The critical load (LC) was obtained from the experimental results. Also, the relationship between the critical load and the adhesive strength of the interface between the substrate and the toner was obtained by measuring the normal and tangential forces during the scratch test. Finally, theoretical analysis of the toner scratch characteristics was performed based on Benjamin and Weaver theory, Plowing model, and Laugier model.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2006

Study for toner adhesion is 3non as an important role in electrophotography. In this research, a centrifugal detachment method was used to measure the adhesion force of several hundred particles simultaneously and to determine its sensitivity to particle size. For uncharged toner particles, we estimated the van der Waals force based on the centrifugal force experiments. Then for charged toner particles, the centrifugal force experiments were carried out. The difference between the results for charged toner particles and the results for uncharged toner particles was compared with the image force calculated from a model which assumed that the toner charge was located at the center of the particle. In the calculations, experimental data obtained by E-SPART (Electrical-Single Particle Aerodynamic Relaxation Time) analyzer were used. The adhesion force of micro-sized toner particles deposited on the DR surface was found to be approximately $1{\sim}3$ nN.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.79-86
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• 2012

The aim of this general remarks is to introduce the results concerning the thermo physical, charging, developing and fusing characteristics of micro-encapsulated (MC) model toners in order to apply to the toner of electrophotographic system at the condition of a low temperature. In order to clarify the fusing mechanism of MC toner, rheological analysis of the toner was chosen. It was suggested that MC toner had a different fusing mechanism compared with non-MC toner. Some kinds of MC model toners showed a good result on adhesion test as well as cohesion test. Also, it was possible to get the good charging and development characteristic of MC toner for printing test with laser printer.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2001

MOW (Mixed Office Waste) mainly consisted of photocopied paper is being recycled to produce tissue or fine paper products. Toner particles that are fused and set on paper surface in photocopying process turns into large and plate-shaped particles after repulping which prevents them to be removed effectively in flotation deinking. The immediate purpose of this study is to find the effective deinking technology that increases the recycling potential of photocopied papers for manufacturing tissue and fine paper products. In this study the effects of pulping temperature and the type of hydrophobic groups of nonionic surfactants on the deinking efficiency of photocopied paper has been investigated. Particle size distribution of the toner particles after pulping and flotation, brightness, yield and ash removal were investigated. The size of toner particles after pulping increased as the pulping temperature was increased. When pulping at the low temperature finer toner particles were generated, however, greater amount of toner particles was found to attach to the fiber. When the pulping temperature was greater than Tg of the toner, the amount of coarse hairy particles increased. When nonionic surfactants with a double bond in hydrophobic groups were used, toner removal efficiency, brightness and ash removal were increased. As the addition level of surfactant was increased, yield decreased rather sharply without improving brightness.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 2011

In this paper, we deal with a problem improving the productivity of a discrete production line for filling a printer cartridge with toner. We develop a new technology for controlling the weight of toner which must be filled in a cartridge and reform the current line based on our new control technology to result in more than 35% improvement of productivity as well as the control accuracy. In detail, first, we find a bottleneck process, the toner-filling process which gives the current production cycle times. Second, we divide the processing time of the bottleneck into several work elements and find the rotation time of an AC servomotor to be further reduced. Third, in order to reduce the rotation time, we develop a mathematical control-time model for determining the rotation time. Finally, we reform the current line partially as required by the change of the new control method.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2231-2235
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• 2008

Thermal performance of fusing system in laser printer is determined by FPOT(First print out time) required and toner fusing quality. FPOT is influenced by the thermal resistance of fusing system between heat source and nip region. Also FPOT is depended by the heat source power and toner fusing temperature. The fusing quality of toner is decided by the temperature, pressure and duration time in nip region. In this study, I have performed thermal analysis for the toner fusing system. Computational simulation has been used to understand the effect of heat source power and printing speed etc. on the temperature distribution of the fusing system. Also in order to predict fusing quality, numerical simulation of the process that paper is continuously supplied to the nip regions were performed. In comparison with the experimental results of the fusing quality vs transferred calory to the toner layer, I could evaluate various fusing condition parameters effected on the thermal performance.