• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.409-414
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• 1999

The influence of ion beam energy and reactive oxygen partial pressure on the electrical and crystallographic characteristics of transition metal oxide compound(Cr0x) film was studied in this paper. Chromium oxide films were prepared onto the coverglass using Ion Beam Sputter Deposition(1BSD) technique according to the processing conditions of the partial pressure of reactive oxygen gas and ion beam energy. Crystallinity and grain size of as-deposited films were analyzed using XRD analysis. Thickness and Resistivity of the films were measured by $\alpha$-step and 4-point probe measurement. As results, according to the XRD, XPS and resistivity measurement, the deposited films were the cermet type films which has a crystal structure including amorphous oxide(a-oxide) phase and metal Cr phase simultaneously. The increasernent of the ion b m energy during the deposition process happened to decreasernent of metal Cr grain size and the rapid change of resistivity above the critical $O_2$ partial pressure.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.518-523
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• 2002

The influences of ion beam energy and reactive oxygen partial pressure on the physical and crystallographic characteristics of transition metal oxide compound(CrOx) film were studied in this paper. Chromium oxide films were deposited onto a cover-glass using ion Beam Sputter Deposition(IBSD) technique according to the various processing parameters. Crystallinity and grain size of as-deposited films were analyzed using XRD analysis. Thickness and Resistivity of the films were measured by $\alpha$-step and 4-point probe measurement. According to the XRD, XPS and resistivity results, the deposited films were the cermet type films which had crystal structure including amorphous oxide(a-oxide) phase and metal Cr phase simultaneously. The increment of the ion beam energy during the deposition process led to decreasing of metal Cr grain size and the rapid change of resistivity above the critical $O_2$ partial pressure.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1993년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.134-136
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• 1993

Microelectronic fabrication technology .is based on the use of lithsgraphy to create small linewidths and patterns that make up ULSI. In previous papers, we discussed the theoretically calculated values such as ion range, ion concentration,ion transmission coefficient and the defocused ion beam-induced characteristics in a-Se$_{75}$Ge$_{25}$. In this paper, the typical Monte Carlo (MC) simulation results and p개cedures for the focused ion beam lithography were presented. The interaction and scattering of ions with the resist depend on the beam energy, impact parameter arid resist parameters. For ion exposure simulations, the quantity of interest is the spatial distribution of energy deposited by ions in the resist due to interaction phenomena with resist ions.s.s.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2012

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers have been widely used due to their unique chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Electron beam irradiation has been extensively employed as means of altering properties of polymeric materials. Electron beam irradiation can induce chemical reactions in materials without any catalyst. Electron beam irradiation may be useful in accelerating the thermal compression stabilization of PAN nanofibers. To investigate the irradiation effect on PAN fibers, PAN nanofibers were irradiated by electron beam at 1,000~5,000 kGy. Irradiated and non-irradiated PAN nanofibers were heated at 180 and $220^{\circ}C$ without applying pressure for 15 min. Then 1 metric ton has been applied for 5 min. SEM images have been found that the fiber kept its morphological behavior after the hot pressing up to electron beam irradiated 1,000 kGy. DSC thermograms showed that the peak temperatures of the exothermic reactions were found to decrease with increasing electron beam irradiation doses and temperature. FT-IR spectra have been found to decrease $C{\equiv}N$ stretch band with increasing the electron beam irradiation dose. These results indicate that the modification of PAN via reactions such as cyclization is significantly enhanced by electron beam irradiation and thermal compression technique.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.635-640
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• 2020

The buckling analysis of the embedded sinusoidal piezoelectric beam is evaluated using numerical method. The smart beam is subjected to external voltage in the thickness direction. Elastic medium is simulated with two parameters of spring and shear. The structure is modelled by sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT) and utilizing energy method, the final governing equations are derived on the basis of piezo-elasticity theory. In order to obtaining the buckling load, the differential quadrature method (DQM) is used. The obtained results are validated with other published works. The effects of beam length and thickness, elastic medium, boundary condition and external voltage are shown on the buckling load of the structure. Numerical results show that with enhancing the beam length, the buckling load is decreased. In addition, applying negative voltage, improves the buckling load of the smart beam.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.381-393
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• 2001

최근 교통상항은 교통량의 급격한 증가와 차종의 다양성에 그 특성이 있다. 우리나라에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 W형 보를 사용한 가드레일은 $14ton-60Km/h-15^{\circ}$ 의 충돌조건에 대하여 구조물의 강성이 충분치 못한 반면에, 보다 현실적인 충돌속도에 대하여 소형차의 탑승자 안전을 충족시키지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 대형차에 대응하기 위하여 구조물의 강성을 증가시키는 일과 소형차에 대하여 탑승자의 안전을 도모(에너지 소산)해야하는 두 가지의 서로 상반된 목표를 달성하기 위하여, 두께 3.2mm의 강판을 이용한 보의 고무로 만든 충격 흡수재를 이용한 트라이-빔 가드레일 시스템을 고안하여 정적 실내실험, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 및 실차 충돌실험을 통하여 거동 및 성능을 조사하였다. 2%의 무게증가로 기존의 W형 보에 비하여 보의 높이가 약 100mm 증가된 트라이-빔(450mm)가드레일 시스템은 범퍼 높이가 다른 다양한 차종에 보다 좋은 수용능력을 보였고 강성과 충격흡수 능력 또한 W-보 가드레일 시스템에 비하여 크게 향상되었다. 그리고 실차 충돌실험을 실시한 결과 NCHRP 350의 Test 3-10 충돌시 성능 요건을 만족시켰다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.393-407
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• 2020

The braced tube frame system, a combination of perimeter frame and bracing frame, is one of the systems used in tall buildings. Due to the implementation of this system in tall buildings and the high rigidity resulting from the use of general bracing, providing proper ductility while maintaining the strength of the structure when exposing to lateral forces is essential. Also, the high stress at the connection of the beam to the column may cause a sudden failure in the region before reaching the required ductility. The use of Reduced Beam Section connection (RBS connection) by focusing stress in a region away from beam to column connection is a suitable solution to the problem. Because of the fact that RBS connections are usually used in moment frames and not tested in tall buildings with braced tube frames, they should be investigated. Therefore, in this research, three tall buildings in height ranges of 20, 25 and 30 floors were modeled and designed by SAP2000 software, and then a frame in each building was modeled in PERFORM-3D software under two RBS-free system and RBS-based system. Nonlinear time history dynamic analysis is used for each frame under Manjil, Tabas and Northridge excitations. The results of the Comparison between RBS-free and RBS-based systems show that the RBS connections increased the absorbed energy level by reducing the stiffness and increasing the ductility in the beams and structural system. Also, by increasing the involvement of the beams in absorbing energy, the columns and braces absorb less energy.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.224-227
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• 1995

The micro-patterning by a Bow energy FIB whish has been conventionally utilized far mask-repairing was investigated. Amorphous Se$\_$75/Gee$\_$25/ resist irradiated by 9[keV]-defocused Ga$\^$+/ ion beam(∼10$\^$15/[ions/$\textrm{cm}^2$]) resulted in increasing the optical absorption, which was also observed also in the film exposed by an optical dose of 4.5${\times}$10$\^$20/[photons/$\textrm{cm}^2$]. The ∼0.3[eV] edge shift for ion-irradiated film was about twice to that obtained for photo-exposed. These large shift could be estimated as due to an increase in disorder from the decrease in the sloop of the Urbach tail. For Ga$\^$+/ FIB irradiation with a relatively low energy, 30[keV] and above the amount of dose of 1.4${\times}$10$\^$16/[ions/$\textrm{cm}^2$], the irradiated region in a-Se$\_$75/Ge$\_$25/ resist was perfectly etched in acid solution for 10[sec], which is relatively a short development time. A contrast was about 2.5. In spite of the relatively low incident energy,∼0.225[$\mu\textrm{m}$] pattern was clearly obtained by the irradiation of a dose 6.5${\times}$10$\^$16/[ions/$\textrm{cm}^2$] and a scan diameter 0.2[$\mu\textrm{m}$], from which excellent results were expected fur incident energies above 50[keV] which was conventionally used in FIBL.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

This paper deals with damage detection using a Gapped Smoothing Method (GSM) combined with deep learning. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a model of deep learning. CNN has an input layer, an output layer, and a number of hidden layers that consist of convolutional layers. The input layer is a tensor with shape (number of images) × (image width) × (image height) × (image depth). An activation function is applied each time to this tensor passing through a hidden layer and the last layer is the fully connected layer. After the fully connected layer, the output layer, which is the final layer, is predicted by CNN. In this paper, a complete machine learning system is introduced. The training data was taken from a Finite Element (FE) model. The input images are the contour plots of curvature gapped smooth damage index. A free-free beam is used as a case study. In the first step, the FE model of the beam was used to generate data. The collected data were then divided into two parts, i.e. 70% for training and 30% for validation. In the second step, the proposed CNN was trained using training data and then validated using available data. Furthermore, a vibration experiment on steel damaged beam in free-free support condition was carried out in the laboratory to test the method. A total number of 15 accelerometers were set up to measure the mode shapes and calculate the curvature gapped smooth of the damaged beam. Two scenarios were introduced with different severities of the damage. The results showed that the trained CNN was successful in detecting the location as well as the severity of the damage in the experimental damaged beam.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2017

최근 자동차 업계는 연비향상 및 안전성 강화를 위해 경량 신소재를 적용하여 부품의 경량화를 추구하고 있다. 이를 위해 차체 부품 소재로서 고장력강판의 적용 비중이 50%를 넘고 있는 실정이다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 범퍼빔 부품의 소재로 고장력강판 적용을 위한 기초 연구로서 소재 및 두께 변경에 따른 범퍼빔의 구조강성과 에너지 흡수능력을 해석적 방법으로 비교 평가하였다. 우선 고장력강판을 범퍼빔에 적용하기 위해 기존의 범퍼빔 단면형상과는 다른 타입의 범퍼빔 단면형상을 설계하였으며, 굽힘해석을 통해 설계된 범퍼빔이 충분한 구조성능, 즉, 구조강성과 굽힘하중력을 가지고 있는지 조사하였다. 중앙접합부의 형상에 따라 굽힘에 대한 구조성능은 현저한 차이가 관찰되지는 않았으며, 25ton, 7.5ton/mm내외의 충분한 굽힘저항력과 강성을 가지고 있는 것으로 조사된다. 또한, 충돌해석을 통해 소재 및 두께를 변경하였을 경우의 효과를 비교평가하였다. 해석결과 고장력강판을 범퍼빔에 적용하기 위해서는 두께를 줄임으로써 기존소재에 버금가는 에너지흡수성능을 구현할 수 있으며, 동시에 뚜렷한 경량화를 이룰 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 기초연구를 토대로 고장력강판 범퍼빔의 구조성능 개선을 위한 향후 연구방향에 대해 제시하였다.