• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health promoting behavior between working and non-working mothers with infants and toddlers, and to investigate factors affecting the mothers'health promoting behavior. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted through conveniently sampled 403 women who visited the child health clinics at two public health centers. The questionnaire included the Health Promoting Life Style Profile (HPLP) and a visual analogue scale for subjective health status. ANCOVA, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression were conducted using SPSS ver. 21. Results: Working mothers' average HPLP score ($2.30{\pm}0.37$) was higher than non-working mother's ($2.15{\pm}0.37$). The score of the physical activity subscale was lowest among the subscales and there was a difference between the two groups. Subjective mental health status was the only predictor of working mothers'health promoting behavior, and it explained 23.2% of variance in health promoting behavior. Subjective mental health status, education, and age were the predictors of non-working mothers' health promoting behavior and they explained 27.2% of variance in health promoting behavior. Conclusion: According to the findings, both working and non-working mothers' health promoting behaviors were low. To promote mothers' health, it is necessary to develop diverse community health promotion programs to support mothers.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is presented playground space for early childhood facilities. Describes whether any development of children, and how to respond in accordance with each of the activities. The infants and toddlers life cycle is a continuation of play. Toddlers to play is the essence of life itself, through play, the world embracing and digestive, raising ideas and emotions expressed through play. It is time that paves the growth of infants age children. And equipped with personality, values, emotions, attitudes, play a very important role in this process. Play it delivers, it can not learning education. Sympathetic and experience through play, and be equipped to allow the personality, social, physical. So, we have an obligation required to provide adequate facilities and play so that children can grow properly. In this paper, from the limited play space and is listed on the importance alive to give the children a sense of space to get the sympathetic. And, analysis shown about affect for children each play, and space. In this paper, we performed a study is Performed a case studies of and domestic kindergarten and foreign kindergarten where the differences between the various lists and how to derive a plan for solving the problem by comparison and analysis were performed.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2004

In order to investigate the differences of nutrient intakes by the economic status and different age groups and to identify the nutritional risk group and its specific nutrition problem, 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. The subject's numbers of 9,391 were classified into four classes such as low (14.2%), medium (37.2%), high (26.0%), and high above (22.6%) on the basis of the family monthly income and the 2001 Korean minimum cost of living according to the family size. Mean intakes of energy and all nutrients assessed by the RDAs, lipid-energy %, and MAR were increased as the economic status were going up. Na intake expressed per 1,000kcal was in reverse. Nearly a half(45.5%) of the low-income people seemed to take nutritionally inadequate diet in consideration with MAR values. Deficiencies of iron and even energy in the toddlers (1 to 2 years) of low-income class were of great concern. Adolescent age group has been observed that their calcium and iron intakes, and possibly energy, were appeared to be the most deficient among all the age groups regardless of the economic status. For the elderly in all the economic status except high-above class, calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin were commonly deficient nutrients. Calcium deficiency was appeared throughout nearly all the ages except toddlers and all the economic classes. Even in the high-above class 57.3% took insufficient amount of calcium.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.374-385
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• 2009

This study aims to develop an index of food security in order to assess food security status in Korea and to evaluate reliability and validity of the index. The index of food security was developed based on the US Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSS). After the US-HFSS was translated and back-translated, it was evaluated and modified by a focus interview for experts. The developed Korean Household Food Security Survey Module (K-HFSS) was tested by cognitive interviews and a pretest for general community population to assess its application for Korean population. For the reliability and validity of K-HFSS, the survey was conducted with 300 adults aged 40 years or more living in a rural community and 212 infants and toddlers living in an urban community. The reliability was assessed by Cronbach' alpha and the validity was evaluated by content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. The questionnaire items of K-HFSS were partly modified, accounting for Korean social and cultural backgrounds and adapted by general community population. The reliability was relatively high, showing Cronbach' alpha coefficients ranged from 0.80 (for adults) to 0.87 (for infants and toddlers). The content and construct validities were all acceptable. The result of criterion-related validity showed that food security status was significantly related to the household income level. In conclusion, the K-HFSS would be used as a reliable and valid instrument to assess food security status in parts of the Korean population.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.505-510
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• 2016

최근 기술의 발달로 증강현실에 대한 관심은 급속히 증가하고 있다. 증강현실은 학습자의 시각, 청각, 촉각 등을 활용하여 다양한 만족감을 주고 있으며, 학습자에게 몰입감과 흥미감을 증진시킨다. 본 논문에서는 증강현실을 활용하여 영유아 기초 미술 교육을 위한 드로잉 시스템을 제안한다. 이것은 영유아들에게 그림을 쉽게 접하고 쉽게 그릴 수 있도록 도와줌으로써 몰입감, 성취감, 흥미감을 줌과 동시에 적은 비용으로 효과적인 미술지도학습을 할 수 있다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.211-238
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• 2016

This study examines indicators and factors for identification of ASD(Autism Spectrum Disorder) characteristics of infants and toddlers and early screening of children with ASD by day care teachers. Focus group interviews were conducted with 11 teachers by a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the authors. The findings are: 1) key problems and indicators of behavioral characteristics of children with ASD included problems with social communication and interactions, restricted and unusual interests, outstanding ability in specific areas, insistence on sameness and ritualized patterns, problems with language development and communication, sensory abnormalities; 2) counseling with parents of children with ASD revealed a lack of recognition of parents, negative expressions of emotions and resistance, and difficulties in referral to and association with experts; 3) needs for ASD in the child care field included visiting by experts, provision of test scales, training of child care teachers and parents, and building cooperative systems; and 4) demands of development and execution of a Korean-style scale for early screening of children with ASD.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parental attribution and self-perception in parenting roles according to parenting success or failure situations. A total of 138 mothers who have toddlers in Seoul and other big cities in Korea completed questionnaires, and data were analyzed by paired t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Fisher's Z score, and multi-regression. The results are as follows: First, mothers in parenting success situations showed higher parental attribution than mothers in parenting failure situations. Second, correlations between parental attribution and self-perception in parenting roles turned out to be significantly different between parenting success situations and failure situations. Third, both internal attribution such as ability and effort, and external attribution such as child behavior and task difficulty, significantly predicted self-perception in parenting roles including equilibrium feeling, competence, satisfaction and parenting investment, especially in parenting failure situations. The implications of the difference in parental attribution between parenting success and failure situations have been discussed.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2005

This study aimed to develop a reliable and valid developmental test for toddlers and preschoolers. A trial form of the test with 230 items in 5 domains(cognitive, physical, language, social, and self-help) was constructed and administered to 200 children from 2 to 5-year-olds. Item analysis indicated that most items selected in cognitive, physical, and indicated domain were acceptable in terms of item response rate and item discrimination. However, some items in social and self-help domain did not show clear age trends in item response, but mostly were adequate in item discrimination. Based on item analysis, 112 items were selected for the final form : 24 items each for the cognitive, physical, and language domain; 20 items each for the social and self-help domain. Reliability indicated by internal consistency coefficients(KR-20) were high in all domains. Validity of the test was supported by inter-correlations among 5 domains(.61 to .93), and significant age differences in domain scores.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to identify degrees of maternal conflict, differences, and factors predicting conflict in mothers of toddlers. Method: A convenience sample of 300 mothers living in G city, Kyounggi-do whose child was between 12 to 36 months old was used. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and analyzed using SPSS WIN 10.0. Results: The average score for maternal conflict was 67.35 (SD=10.18), somewhat lower than moderate in level. 'I as a human being' was the area of the 6-sub areas with the most conflict. Mothers experiencing higher maternal conflict were those who were less satisfied with marriage, quality of life, and maternal role, and whose child was stubborn and hard to please, who were unsatisfied with baby sitters or who had to rush their sick child to hospital. Factors that were significant in predicting maternal conflict were low satisfaction with maternal role and marriage, and a child who was difficult to care for. These factors accounted for 22％ of explained variance. Conclusion: Nurses should help mothers resolve maternal conflict through education and counseling on the maternal role, but at the same time nurses should consider relationship of the mother with her husband and also special characteristics of her child.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2005

Early Head Start (EHS) can provide services to a child and family from pre-birth until the child is three years old. Services are comprehensive, intensive, individualized and flexible according to child and family needs, and integrated with community service delivery systems. The local program designs and operations were developed and carried out within the framework of the Head Start Revised Performance Standards, which included specific provisions for services to pregnant women, infants and toddlers and emphasized prevention, early intervention, safety, and health education. As with preschool Head Start, EHS programs are required to make available 10 percent of their enrollment for infants and toddlers with disabilities as defined by Part C regulations of the state in which the program operated. Quality child care has become a priority for EHS. A majority of EHS children need child care, and the quality is important to their development. An evaluation of EHS in 17 programs selected from the first program cohorts showed that the program had significant and positive impacts on a wide range of parent and child dimensions, some with implications for children's later school success. Among the issues for policy attention identified by American EHS for the Korean system are: - The need to create a comprehensive infant/toddler care system - The need to address access of teachers for young children - The need to improve quality.