• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2004

당뇨병환자를 위한 건강기능성 선식을 개발하고 그의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 선식제품의 영양학적 성분은 대부분 곡류를 주원료로 사용하나 당뇨선식의 경우는 탄수화물의 함량이 상대적으로 낮은 수준이었으나 반대로 단백질함량이 $19.35\%$로 상대적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 당뇨선식의 열량영양소 비율은 단백질 $19\%$, 지질 $22\%$, 당질 $59\%$로, 일반 당뇨환자식의 열량영양소 권장 배분비율인 단백질 $15{\sim}20\%$, 지질 $20{\sim}25\%$, 당질 $55{\sim}60\%$과 일치되게 조성되어졌다. sucrose함량은 선식제품에 있어 가장 높은 함유량을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 주요 유기산으로는 malic acid와 tartaric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid 등이 확인되었고, 당뇨선식제품의 유리아미노산으로 serine이 154.32 mg/100g, alanine이 151.87 mg/100g, glutamic acid함량은 100.00 mg/100g순으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 주요 지방산으로는 Linoleic acid의 함량은 당뇨선식제품에 $39.48\%$로 높은 함유량을 보였다. 무기질로는 Ca함량은 332.25 mg/100g로 높은 함량을 보였고, Mg함량은 246.73 mg/100g으로, K과 Na의 함량은 각각 219.95 mg/100g과 203.26 mg/100g으로, Fe함량은 9.39 mg/100g을 나타내었다. 총페놀 함량은 436.10 mg/100g으로 많은 함유량을 보였으며, 전자공여능은 당뇨선식제품이 $26.75\%$로 기존의 항산화제인 a-tocopherol 400ppm 농도의 $70.57\%$ 보다는 낮은 항산화활성을 보였다. 관능적 품질 특성을 평가한 결과는 고소한 맛에서 3.4로 높은 관능적 점수를 얻었다. 위의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 선식재료의 영양적 성분과 기호적 특성 등이 적절하게 조화를 형성함으로써 선식제품 특유의 색과 맛을 가지는 건강기능성 당뇨선식 제품을 제조할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.912-918
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• 1999

한국산 볶음처리 하지 않은 홍화종실과 볶음홍화종실은 수분 8.73%, 0.05%, 조지방 15.47%, 14.61%, 조회분 3.78%, 3.87%, 조단백질 19.74%, 18.82%, 조섬유 14.53%, 10.46%, 무질소물 46.49%, 52.23%로 분석되었고, 그 중 조지방함량은 중국산 홍화종실과 볶음홍화종실의 33.30%, 31.22%와는 상당한 차이를 보였고, 이것은 원료의 구분방법의 척도로 생각된다. 한국산 홍화종실과 볶음홍화종실에는 linoleic acid가 74.0%, 69.0%로 높은 함유량을 나타내어 홍화종실의 중요 지방산임을 확인할 수 있었다. 홍화종실의 유리당은 sucrose, raffinose, glucose, fructose 등이 분리되었고 그 중 scurose의 함량이 대부분을 차지하였다. 또한 홍화종실의 주된 총아미노산은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid 및 arginie등으로 확인되었다. 홍화종실의 유리아미노산은 한국산 홍화종실과 볶음홍화종실은 24종, 11종, 중국산 홍화종실과 볶음홍화종실은 24종, 15종으로 분리되었고, lysine, isoleucine등 필수아미노산의 함량은 한국산 홍화종실이 높게 함유하였다. 홍화종실의 주된 유기산으로는 formic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, furmaric acid 등이 분리확인 되었고, 홍화종실의 비타민류로 vitamin E(tocopherol), $vitamin\;B_{1}$, $vitamin\;B_{2}$등이 분석 되었고, 그 중 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ 함량은 한국산 홍화종실과 볶음홍화종실은 10.5 mg/100 g, 6.2 mg/100 g이고, 중국산 홍화종실과 볶음홍화종실은 12.8 mg/100 g, 9.4 mg/100 g으로 다량 함유하고 있어 식물성 천연항산화제로써의 가치를 확인하였다. 홍화종실의 carotenoid 함량은 중국산 홍화종실이 $452.0\;{\mu}g/\;100\;g$로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 홍화종실의 주된 무기질로는 K, P, Ca, Mg 등이 확인되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.338-345
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• 2009

미강유(RBO), 팜스테아린(PS), 고올레인산 해바라기씨유(HO)를 기질로 사용하여 24 hr, $65^{\circ}C$의 조건하에 회분식 반응기(batch type reactor)에서 TLIM을 이용한 interesterification을 통해 생성된 저트랜스 쇼트닝의 이화학적 특성을 살펴보았다. DSC 분석결과를 살펴보면, SFC 함량 변화는 commercial shortening과 low-trans shortening(LTS) 간에 거의 유사하게 측정되었고, slip melting point는 각각 35.5, $34.8^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 지방산 조성 분석 결과, LTS는 전체 지방산 조성의 90% 이상이 C16:0(33.7 wt%), C18:1(45.7 wt%), C18:2(13.4 wt%)로 구성되어 있으며 이 중 트랜스지방산은 시중 유통 쇼트닝보다 3배 이상 적은 0.5 wt%로 미량 검출되었다. Sn-2 position에 위치한 지방산 조성은 C16:0이 36.6 wt%, C18:1이 43.5 wt%로 나타났다. LTS의 주요 TAG 조성으로는 POO, POP, PLO 등으로 나타났고, 반응 전과 반응 후의 TAG 조성을 비교해 보면, OOO와 PPP의 area%는 각각 27.65에서 6.97 area%로, 11.97에서 3.36 area%로 감소한 반면 POO는 15.94에서 29.05 area%로, PLO는 6.44에서 13.05 area%로 증가되었다. ${\alpha},\;{\gamma}\;{\delta}$-Tocopherol 분석 결과 LTS의 total tocopherol은 12.37 mg/100 g, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol 함량은 0.43 mg/100 g을 나타냈으며, total phytosterol 함량은 251.38 mg/100 g으로 나타났다. Commercial shortening과 LTS의 texture analyzer를 통한 hardness 측정 결과, commercial shortening은 157.41 g, LTS는 157.00 g으로 두 시료의 hardness가 비슷하게 측정되었다. LTS의 polymorphic form을 측정하기 위해 x-ray duffraction을 사용하였다. 일반적으로 쇼트닝이나 마가린은 ${\beta}'$형 결정일 때 바람직하다고 여겨지는데, LTS의 분석 결과 ${\beta}$형이 함께 공존하고 있지만, ${\beta}'$형이 우세하게 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 1998

Vegetables are known to contain high amounts of natural antioxidants such as ascorbate, $\alpha$-tocopherol, $\beta$-carotene, and flavinoids. The antioxidant activities of several vegetables including broccoli, carrot , green pepper, spinach and tomato, and their blends were investigated using various iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation systems. In linoleic acid micelles, carrot and spinach significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation by 29.0% and 35.8% , respectively (p<0.05).Blends of two, three , or four vegetables indluding spinach increased the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, mainly due to high level of antioxidants in spinach. In beef homogenates, tomato significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation by 19.9%(p<0.05), whereas spinach and broccoli significantly stimulated lipid peroxidation by 67.3% and 11.5%, respectively (p<0.05). In the presence of 100$\mu$M ferrous ions, all vegetables inhibited degradation of deoxy-ribose by 43.6~77.6%(p<0.05). In the presence of 100$\mu$M ferric ions , broccoli and spinach stimulated deoxyribose degradation by 39.8% and 55.8%, respectively. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of vegetables varied with the different model systems and depended on the provided environment such as iron content and substrates. The activity of the various combinations (blends) of vegetables was strongly related to that of the individual vegetable.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

Sesame seed are one of the oldest oil-bearing crops known to man. Not only are they nutritious, they are physicologically beneficial. Because of these properties, the promotion of sesame as a crop is set to increase from now on. The lignan component of sesame, which has an antioxidative function, varies considerably. In addition, the seeds remain viable for longer than other crops. At low temperature, it has been reported that the seed remain viable for up to thirty years. This is due to the lignan content of the seeds. In the last twenty years, the mysteries of the natural chemistry of sesame seeds have been unravelled one by one. Up to now, the lignan component has been found to have an $\alpha$-tocopherol synergist effect, an anti-aging effect, a cancer suppressing effect, a hypertension reduction effect, an effect on the promotion of liver function, an effect on the control of the ration of unsaturated fat, and an effect on the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The lignan component of sesame does not simply have an anti-oxidant function, but has diverse recently discovered physiological uses which make the study of lignan highly rewarding.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2007

Nutrients and hormone levels of dried pig placenta were studied. Placentas were freeze-dried (FD), oven-dried at 60 (OD-60), and 90$^{\circ}C$ (OD-90) and then crushed by a blender into small pieces. FD and OD-60 pig placenta had a higher moisture content than did OD-90, with no difference between FD and OD-60. There were no large differences in compositions of crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash of dried placenta among the treatments and the contents of K, Fe, and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were highest in FD (p<0.05). Glutamine and glycine were the most abundant amino acids in all dried placenta and tyrosine was highly retained in FD placenta, compared with OD (p<0.05). Estradiol was the major sex hormone, followed by progesterone and testosterone in all dried placentas. Antibiotics including amoxicillin, sulfamethazine, tylosin, and chlorotetracyclin were not detected from the pig placentas tested. These results demonstrate that placenta is a good biomaterial with high nutritional quality, and that freeze drying is superior to oven drying for processing pig placenta.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1309-1314
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• 2008

This study was undertaken to elucidate the antioxidant activity of the ethanol (EEPB) and water (WEPB) extracts of Prunus persica branches. The extracts contained a high phenolic content and revealed a potent hydrogen donating activity in DPPH scavenging assay. Compared to $\alpha$-tocopherol, EEPB (p < 0.001) and WEPB (p < 0.05) significantly inhibited $FeCl_2$-ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation, and also exhibited potent antiradical activities against hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. In copper- and AAPH-mediated human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation systems, the extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant function by metal chelating, rather than direct scavenging, action. Furthermore, EEPB at 5 ${\mu}g/mL$ concentration showed 80.77% inhibition of the electrophoretic mobility of LDL, compared to 77.69% for ascorbic acid and 76.92% for BHT. These results suggest that PB branch extracts may protect against oxidative stress-induced diseases.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2006

Contents of phenolic compounds in peel, flesh, and core of three Asian pear cultivars, Hosui, Niitaka, and Chuwhangbae, were determined at different stages of maturity. Antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of peels at various fruit maturity stages were also evaluated. Total phenolic content decreased with maturity. Arbutin, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin were major phenolic compounds in young fruits. Catechin, 4-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid, and caffeic acid were detected in peel and core of immature and mature pears. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities of methanol extracts were 16.30 and $15.73\;{\mu}g$ in peel of immature Hosui and Chuwhangbae pears, respectively, and $11.59\;{\mu}g$ in mature Niitaka pears, which was significantly higher than those of other maturity stage in the same cultivar. Inhibitory activities on lipid oxidation of methanol extracts of three cultivars at all maturity stages were similar to that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.615-618
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• 2004

In the course of screening for reactive oxygen species scavengers from natural products, an antioxidant was isolated from the mycelial culture broth of Phellinus linteus and identified as hispidin. The hispidin content was reached its maximum level at 12 days after onset of inoculation. About 2.5 mg／mL of hispidin was produced by P linteus in a yeast-malt medium (pH 5.8, $25^{\circ}C$). Hispidin inhibited 22.6 and 56.8% of the super oxide anion radical, 79.4 and 95.3% of the hydroxyl radical, and 28.1 and 85.5% of the DPPH radical at 0.1 and 1.0 mM, respectively. The positive control ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ scavenged 25.6 and 60.3%, 74.6 and 96.3%, and 32.7 and 77.5% of each radical, respectively, at the same concentrations. However, hispidin showed no significant activity on the hydrogen peroxide radical.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2013

This research was to investigate physicochemical properties and antioxidative activities of rapeseed meal for the development of functional cosmetic material. Seventeen kinds of amino acid at rapeseed meal were found and glutamic acid concentration was significantly the highest (28.4 mg/g), followed by glycine, proline, arginine, isoleucine, and aspartic acid. Among various vitamins, cloline content was the highest (459.1 mg/kg), followed by niacin, tocopherol, and pantothenic acid. Among various fatty acids of rapeseed meal, oleic acid was the highest (36.7%), followed by linoleic acid and linolenic acid. DPPH radical scavenging activities of methanol and acetone extract of rapeseed meal at 2.0 mg/mL were 80.4 and 78.9%, respectively. The methanol and acetone extracts of rapeseed meal were a stable at the range of pH 3-9 on DPPH radical scavenging activity. The maximum reducing powers of methanol and acetone extract of rapeseed meal at 4.0 mg/mL were 0.7 and 0.68 OD 700 nm, respectively. The maximum superoxide inhibition activities of hot water, acetone, and methanol extract of rapeseed meal were 70.2, 75.2, and 81.4%, respectively. These results showed that the methanol and acetone extract of rapeseed meal can be used as a new source of functional cosmetic material.