• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.11-12
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.13-29
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• 1997

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 1980

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 1984

Six kinds of sugars (Maltose, Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose, Mannose and Lactose) and four kinds of organic acids (Malic, Tartaric, Lactic and Citric) were added by 2-10% for the former and 0.2-1.8% for the later in quantitatively to the inferior quality of Flue-cured leaf tobaccos, and treated at 135$^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes to examine the effect on deliveries of tar and nicotine in smoke, variation of smoke pH and smoking taste. The results obtained are as follows. Tar and nicotine deliveries in smoke of tobacco show a great reduction with 5-6% addition of sugars. Reduction of nicotine delivery was to be 19% with addition of Glucose. Tar in smoke was, however, increased by 5-8% with 4% addition of Sucrose or Lactose. On the other hand, 4% addition of Glucose and Fructose gave 1 % reduction of tar delivery, but the reduction rate became to be small with increase of adding quantity. The smoking taste by the addition of Glucose and Fructose tobacco was found to be milder than by the other sugars. Tar and nicotine deliveries show a decreasing trend with the addition of organic acid, and Tartaric acid, among the organic acids described above, had greater effect than the other acids. 1% addition of Tartaric acid gaves 10-11% reduction in tar and nicotine delivery, and a fall of smoke pH, from 6.40 to 6.05, was found. Smoking taste by the addition of Lactic and Tartaric acid had milder than the others. And heat treatment for 10 minutes at $135^{\circ}C$ gave also better on smoking taste. The addition of mixture of sugars and organic acids, (Glucose 4%+Lactic acid 0.8% + Tartaric acid 0.2%) and then the successive heat treatment for 10 minutes at $135^{\circ}C$ improved greatly the quality of Fluecured leaf tobacco, and nicotine were reduced to 16-29%, and pH was changed from 6.46 to 6.14.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to increase knowledge regarding the dangers associated with tobacco use, and decrease secondhand smoke exposure and tobacco use behaviors with an antitobacco messaging campaign among rural, medically underserved, blue-collar workers. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was conducted with employees at two worksites. One worksite received the intervention, which consisted of nine different antitobacco messages. Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted at each worksite to assess change in knowledge and behavior; the data were compared across the two worksites. Results: Two hundred twenty-two and 243 participants completed baseline and follow-up surveys at the intervention and comparison sites, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen over time between the worksites on knowledge of the dangers of tobacco (p < 0.0001); the mean knowledge score increased at the intervention site, but remained unchanged at the comparison site. In general, non-smokers at both worksites appeared to try to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke over the follow-up period. Repeated measures analysis indicated that there were no differences in motivation to quit (p = 0.81), interest in quitting (p = 0.40), thinking about quitting (p = 0.53), or several tobacco-use behaviors over time among smokers at the intervention and comparison worksites. There were slight increases over time in the proportion of smokers who do not allow smoking in their homes/vehicles at the intervention worksite, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Participants at the intervention worksite increased their knowledge regarding the dangers of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure. Among current tobacco users, the intervention appeared to increase family rules regarding secondhand smoke exposure in their homes and vehicles.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

In recent years, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has become an important worldwide public health issue. Children are particularly vulnerable to ETS because they are still developing. ETS exposure causes a wide range of adverse health effects on childhood asthma. There is convincing evidence that ETS exposure is causally associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, increased severity of asthma and worsening asthma control in children who already have the disease, even though a causal relationship with asthma onset is not yet established for asthma incidence. Mechanisms underlying these adverse effects of ETS are not clearly elucidated but e studies on this issue suggest that genetic susceptibility, impaired lung function, and augmented airway inflammation and remodeling may be involved. Children with asthma are just as likely to be exposed to ETS as children in general and there is no risk-free level of exposure. Therefore, providing a smoke-free environment may be of particular importance to the asthmatic children exposed to ETS who have adverse asthma outcomes, as well as to children with genetic susceptibility who are at increased risk of developing asthma upon exposure to ETS in early childhood.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.30-30
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.14-14
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• 1998

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with quitting smoking in Indonesia Methods: Data on 11 115 individuals from the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey were analyzed. Quitting smoking was the main outcome, defined as smoking status based on the answer to the question "do you still habitually (smoke cigarettes/smoke a pipe/use chewing tobacco) or have you totally quit?" Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with successful attempts to quit smoking. Results: The prevalence of quitting smoking was 12.3%. The odds of successfully quitting smoking were higher among smokers who were female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08 to 3.33), were divorced (aOR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.82 to 3.29), did not chew tobacco (aOR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.79 to 5.08), found it difficult to sacrifice smoking at other times than in the morning (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.46), and not smoke when sick (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.54). About 59% of variance in successful attempts to quit smoking could be explained using a model consisting of those variables. Conclusions: Female sex, being divorced, not chewing tobacco, and nicotine dependence increased the odds of quitting smoking and were associated with quitting smoking successfully. Regular and integrated attempts to quit smoking based on individuals' internal characteristics, tobacco use activity, and smoking behavior are needed to quit smoking.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 1992

The adsorption efficiency of some adsorbents for the organic solvents and gas phase of smoke was investigated. 1. Specific surface area of activated carbon increased to 1900 mfg with increased activation time. 2. Adsorption efficiency of benzene and acetone increased with increasing total surface area. Adsorption capacity for gas phase such as hydrogen cyanide, aldehyde was proportional to the micro pore surface area under 20A. 3. The removal efficiency of particulate matter of smoke was higher with the adsorbents of relatively higher pore size compared to that of micro pore.