• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

During 2008~2009 winter season, yellow patch and gray snow mold occurred on turfgrass plants in golf courses in Kangwon and Jeonbuk provinces, respectively. The fungi associated with the diseases were identified as Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven and Typhlua incarnata Lasch ex Fr., based on the morphological characteristics of hyphae and sclerotia. R. cerealis and T. incarnata were pathogenic to most turfgrass and crop species tested. R. cerealis infected crown, stem and leaf tissue of the host plants, and the symptom was light yellow circular patch. Individual infected leaf near the margin of patch developed red color first and finally turn brown. The symptoms caused by gray snow mold pathogen are water-soaked spots, and became a watery soft rot. Infection parts became yellow and then turned brown followed by death of the whole plant. White mycelia were developed on higher petioles, leaves, and on soil where these plant parts lay, and black sclerotia of variable size and shape formed in the mycelial mass. All isolates tested were pathogenic on most turfgrass and crop plants, and significantly different in aggressiveness. Disease severity increased with longer snow cover days on target plants, suggesting that disease severity was expressed over snow cover days. There were significant differences in disease severity among the graminious species, and among cultivars within each species, indicating varying levels of susceptibility to R. cerealis and T. incarnata.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2015

Exposure to cold sea water can be life-threatening to the drowned individual. Although appropriate life jacket can be usually be provided for the buoyance at the drowning accident, heat loss can make the drowned individual experience the hypothermia. Inflatable life jackets filled with inflatable air pocket can increase the thermal protection as well as the buoyancy force. Because it is important to know how the human body behaves unde the different life jacket, present study compares the thermal insulation capacity of solid type life jacket with that of inflatable life jacket. In order to represent the insulation capacity of life jacket, thermal resistance is estimated based on the assumption of steady-state. Also, a transient three-dimensional thermal distribution of the thigh is analyzed by using finite element method implementing the Pennes bioheat equation. The finite element model is a segmental, multi-layered representation of the body section which considers the heat conduction within tissue, bone, fat and local blood flow rate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2013

Lymph node (LN) is the sites where mature lymphocytes become stimulated to respond to invading pathogens in the body. Lymphocytes screen the surfaces of pathogen-carrying antigen-presenting cells for cognate antigens, while moving along stromal structural back bone. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) is stromal cell forming the 3 dimensional structure networks of the T cell rich zones in LN, and provide a guidance path for immigrating T lymphocytes. In these cooperative environments, the cell to cell bidirectional interactions between FRC and T cells in LN are therefore essential to the normal functioning of these tissues. Not only do FRCs physically construct LN architecture but they are essential for regulating T cell biology within these domains. FRC interact closely with T lymphocytes, is providing scaffolds, secreting soluble factors including cytokine in which FRCs influence T cell immune response. More recently, FRC have been found to induce peripheral T cell tolerance and regulate the extent to which newly activated T cells proliferate within LN. Thus, FRC-T cell crosstalk has important consequences for regulating immune cell function within LN. In addition, FRC have profound effects on innate immune response by secreting anti-microbial peptides and complement, etc in the inflammatory milieu. In summary, we propose a model in which FRC engage in a bidirectional touch to increase the T cell biological efficiency between FRC and T cells. This collaborative feedback loop may help to maintain tissue function during inflammation response.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.109-119
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• 2018

This study investigates the effect of urban and architectural forms on the microclimate in urban areas. It applies urban and architectural elements such as urban form and tissue and building form and characteristics as the main influences on the microclimate within urban area. Among the 23 Automated Weather Stations (AWS) installed within Seoul city by the Korea Meteorological Administration, 6 sites were selected for the analysis, based on their different urban and architectural characteristics, and actual measurements were conducted in August 2017 using individual AWS equipment. Also, the measurements of microclimate and urban and architectural elements within a 500m radius of the AWS measurement points were collected and analyzed. The result of the analysis shows that the microclimate elements, such as wind speed, solar radiation, and temperature, were affected by the direction of the streets, the width, depth, and height of the buildings, the topographic elevation and direction and the traffic volume. This study is expected to contribute to mitigating urban heat island effect and setting the foundation for sustainable cities through development of urban management methods and techniques including the relationship between built environment elements and microclimate.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2000

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is an uncommon, low grade malignant epithelial neoplasm and metastasis is exceedingly rare. This article highlights the fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) of a case of metastatic epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the scalp. A 51-year-old female presented with the left parietotemporal scalp mass two months after the lett parotidectomy for epithelial-myoeplthelial carcinoma. FNAC from the scalp mass showed a biphasic population of ductal epithelial and myoeplthelial origin. These epithelial aggregates were numerous and formed a distinct three dimensional architecture in the background of numerous naked nuclei. The three dimensional architectures were predominantly composed of tightly cohesive eosinophilic ductular epithelial cells which tended to aggregate, overlap, and form tubules. Clear myoepithelial cells in three dimensional tissue fragment were inapparent and a few were attached to the periphery of the fragments. A few myoepithelial cells with clear abundant vaculoated cytoplasm were found In the foamy background. The cytological diagnosis was metastatic epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. The histologic findings of the scalp mass were those of typical epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. Cytologic distinction of epithelial-myoepithleial carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, and adenoid. Cytologic carcinoma may be very difficult but careful attention to clinical features and cellualr details can classify these neoplasms correctly.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 2007

There is now an increased demand for harmony between the peri-implant gingiva and adjacent dentition. In the event of a pending loss of a single tooth in the aesthetic zone with healthy periodontium, expectation for optimal gingival and prosthodontic aesthetics are often very high. Unfortunately, bone resorption is common following the removal of an anterior tooth, compromising the gingival tissue levels for the eventual implant restoration. Also, improper implant placement and inadequate osseous-gingival support potentially deleterious aesthetic result. The creation of an esthetic implant restoration with gingival architecture that harmonizes with the adjacent dentitionis formidable challenge. The predictability of the peri-implant esthetic outcome may ultimately be determined by the patient's own presenting anatomy rather than the clinician's ability to manage state-of-the-art procedures. To more accurately predict the peri-implant esthetic outcome before removing a failing tooth, a considering of diagnostic keys is essential. This presentation addresses the useful diagnostic keys that affect the predictability of peri-implant gingival aesthetics and the overcoming of the risk factors in anterior single-tooth replacement; it also describes a surgical and prosthodontic technique in achieving a long term successful esthetic outcome. Proper diagnosis and understanding of the biological and periodontal variables of failing dentition and their response to surgical and prosthodontic procedures are the essence of predictability. Using a smart protocol that alters the periodontium toward less risk and more favorable assessment of the diagnostic keys before implant placement will provide the most predictable esthetic outcome. Simple diagnostic keys suggested this presentation are useful method to evaluate the overcoming of the risk factors in anterior single implant restoration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.637-646
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• 2007

Implants placed immediately after tooth extraction have been shown to be a successfully predictable treatment modality. Several clinical papers suggest that placing implants immediately after tooth extraction may provide some advantages: reduction of the number of surgical procedures or patient visits, preservation of the dimensions of alveolar ridge, and shortening of the interval between the removal of the tooth and the insertion of the implant supported restoration. In this case report, three patients received single immediate implant placements to replace a maxillary anterior tooth at the time of extraction. As the three cases were somewhat different, treatment protocols had to be modified as follows: Case 1. Immediate implant placement with healing abutment connection. Case 2. Immediate implant placement with immediate provisionalization. Case 3. Immediate implant placement with Guided Bone Regeneration(GBR). Every implant of these cases was placed in proper position buccolingually, mesiodistally and apicocoronally, The procedures following implantation such as immediate provisionalization and GBR were free of problem. Healing of each case was uneventful. In all cases, treatment outcomes were mostly satisfactory and the results maintained during follow-up periods. However, one case (Case 3) showed some papilla loss due to failure in delicate soft tissue handling during surgery. This papilla loss was compromised by prosthetic means. In conclusion, immediate implant placement in the fresh extraction socket can be a valid and successful option of treatment in aesthetic area. Moreover, this treatment protocol seems to maintain the preexisting architecture of soft and hard tissues in most cases.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to analyzed pattern of proteins expression abnormally in cloned bovine placenta. TIMP-2 protein whose function is related to extracellular matrix degradation and tissue remodeling processes was one of differentially up-regulated proteins in SCNT placenta. And one of down-regulated protein in SCNT placenta was identified as vimentin protein that is presumed to stabilize the architecture of the cytoplasm. The expression patterns of these proteins were validated by Western blotting. To evaluate how regulatory loci. of TIMP-2 and vimentin genes was programmed reprogramming in cloned placenta. the status of DNA methylation in the promoter region of TIMP-2 and vimentin genes was analyzed by sodium Bisulfite mapping. The DNA methylation results showed that there was not difference in methylation pattern of TIMP-2 and vimentin loci between cloned and normal placenta. Histone H3 acetylation state of the nucleosome was analyzed in the cloned placental and normal placenta by Western blotting. A small portion of the protein lysates were subjected to Western blotting with the antibodies against anti acetyl-Histone H3. Overall histone H3 acetylation state of SCNT placenta was significantly higher than those of normal placenta cells. It is postulated that cloned placenta at the end of gestation seems to be unusual in function and morphology of placenta via improper expression of TIMP-2 and vimentin by abnormal acetylation states of cloned genome.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare disorder accounting for 0.5% to 5% of parathyroid neoplasia. Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is difficult because ail characteristic features of parathyroid carcinoma can be recognized in parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia. Cellular atypism cannot be used for the diagnostic criteria of parathyroid carcinoma as malignancies of most other organs. We experienced two cases of cytologic features of parathyroid carcinoma confirmed by histologic examination. The majority of tumor cells formed large cohesive clusters, although individual tumor cells were also present. The tumor cells displayed rather pleomorphic round to oval nuclei, occasional prominent nucleoli, and distinct cytoplasmic margin. Occasionally karyolysis, anuclear cells, and nonepithelial cell clusters were noted. The histologic findings showed a partially lobulated architecture, with admixture of sheets of chief cells, oxyphil cells, and occasional water clear cells. The tumor infiltrated into the thyroid parenchyme and perithyroidal soft tissue. The electron microscopic study of case 1 disclosed typical findings of parathyroid neoplasm; clusters of secretory chief cells with centrally located round to ovoid nuclei, moderately clumped heterochromatins and one or two nucleoli. The tumor cells showed conspicous interdigitation of contiguous ceil membrane and intercellular microvilli.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

In this study we demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (UHR SD-OCT) with a linear-wavenumber (k) spectrometer, to accelerate signal processing and to display two-dimensional (2-D) images in real time. First, we performed a numerical simulation to find the optimal parameters for the linear-k spectrometer to achieve ultrahigh axial resolution, such as the number of grooves in a grating, the material for a dispersive prism, and the rotational angle between the grating and the dispersive prism. We found that a grating with 1200 grooves and an F2 equilateral prism at a rotational angle of $26.07^{\circ}$, in combination with a lens of focal length 85.1 mm, are suitable for UHR SD-OCT with the imaging depth range (limited by spectrometer resolution) set at 2.0 mm. As guided by the simulation results, we constructed the linear-k spectrometer needed to implement a UHR SD-OCT. The actual imaging depth range was measured to be approximately 2.1 mm, and axial resolution of $3.8{\mu}m$ in air was achieved, corresponding to $2.8{\mu}m$ in tissue (n = 1.35). The sensitivity was -91 dB with -10 dB roll-off at 1.5 mm depth. We demonstrated a 128.2 fps acquisition rate for OCT images with 800 lines/frame, by taking advantage of NVIDIA's compute unified device architecture (CUDA) technology, which allowed for real-time signal processing compatible with the speed of the spectrometer's data acquisition.