• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제30권7호
• /
• pp.901-907
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze methods for measuring the size of the Earth, put forth in 6 different Korean 8th grade science textbooks. The research questions are as follows: 1) Do they adequately map out the experiments for measuring the size of the earth by using the concept of the sun's altitude? 2) Do they reduce the size of the sun like as the Earth is similarly downsized to the globe? 3) Do they suggest the precise experimental conditions for selecting two equal longitudinal spots for measuring the size of the earth? 4) Do they design adequate experiments for exact measurement? 5) Do they offer a proportional expression for seeking the size of globe which is easily understood by students? 6) Do they develop experiments to measure actual size of the earth? Four graduate students and one researcher took part in this study. All conditions were unanimously agreed upon by the participants. The results are as follows. First, one publishing company must include the concept of the sun's altitude to accurately measure the size of the Earth. However, some textbooks fail to mention this. As such, the concept of the sun's altitude must be introduced to accurately measure the size of the Earth. Second, a reduced size globe is used as the actual earth so; the sun should be factored in with a reduced light value. Third, you have to lay a stress on two points at the same longitude. In other words, a shadow located at the same longitude from two randomly selected points. Most textbooks mention two points at the same longitude but two of them design the experiment with a shadow at the same longitude. Fourth, we need a method to precisely measure the angle between a stick and its shadow. The angle between the stick and the tip of its shadow is the sun's altitude difference. Fifth, we need to present more specific proportional expressions for calculating the size of the globe. Only 3 out of the 6 texts employed a proportional expression. Sixth, we need to calculate the size of the earth by accurately presenting the scale of the globe to attain the goal of the experiment. Two of the texts analyzed, designed the experiment for the purpose of calculating the size of the globe. Three of the texts designed their experiments to calculate the radius of globe which is not even relevant to the purpose of experiment.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.31.1-31.1
• /
• 2009

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive material because of their superior electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Furthermore, their geometric features such as a large aspect ratio and a small radius of curvature at tip make them ideal for low-voltage field emission devices including backlight units of liquid crystal display, lighting lamps, X-ray source, microwave amplifiers, electron microscopes, etc. In field emission devices for display applications, the phosphor anode is positioned against the CNT emitters. In most case, light generated from the phosphor by electron bombardment passes through the anode front plate to reach observers. However, light is produced in a narrow depth of the surface of the phosphor layer because phosphor particles are big as much as several micrometers, which means that it is necessary to transmit through the phosphor layer. Hence, a drop of light intensity is unavoidable during this process. In this study, we fabricated a transparent cathode back plate by depositing an ultra-thin film of single walled CNTs (SWCNTs) on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate. Two types of phosphor anode plates were employed to our transparent cathode back plate: One is an ITO glass substrate with a phosphor layer and the other is a Cr-coated glass substrate with phosphor layer. For the former case, light was radiated from both the front and the back sides, where luminance on the back was ~30% higher than that on the front in our experiments. For the other case, however, light was emitted only from the cathode back side as the Cr layer on the anode glass rolled as a reflecting mirror, improving the light luminance as much as ~60% compared with that on the front of one. This study seems to be discussed about the morphologies and field emission characteristics of CNT emitters according to the experimental parameters in fabricating the lamps emitting light on the both sides or only on the cathode back side. The experimental procedures are as follows. First, a CNT aqueous solution was prepared by ultrasonically dispersing purified SWCNTs in deionized water with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A milliliter or even several tens of micro-liters of CNT solution was deposited onto a porous alumina membrane through vacuum filtration. Thereafter, the alumina membrane was solvated with the 3 M NaOH solution and the floating CNT film was easily transferred to an ITO glass substrate. It is required for CNT film to make standing CNTs up to serve as electron emitter through an adhesive roller activation.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.198-207
• /
• 2009

캐비테이션 기포 (cavitation bubble)가 존재하는 유체 내에서 다중 주파수 (multi-frequency)를 송수신할 때 음파의 감쇠(attenuation)와 음속 (sound speed) 변화가 발생되었고, 이 특징을 이용하여 기포의 크기와 분포량을 추정하였다. 음향실험은 $20{\sim}300\;kHz$ 대역의 다중 주파수를 이용하여 실시하였고, 기포가 존재하는 경우와 존재하지 않는 경우의 주파수별 음속 비와 음파의 감쇠 값을 측정하였다. 캐비테이션 기포는 모터 끝에 장착된 둥근 막대형 블레이드 (blade)를 물 속에서 고속회전시켜 발생되었다. 캐비테이션 기포의 크기 및 분포량은 모터의 회전 속도, 블레이드 끝단 (tip)의 겉넓이를 변화시키며 관측하였고, 기포 생성 후 시간별 기포량 감소율을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 발생된 기포의 크기는 반경 $10{\sim}60{\mu}m$였고, $10{\sim}20{\mu}m$와 $20{\sim}30{\mu}m$ 반경의 기포가 전체의 약 45%와 25%를 차지하였다. 세부실험 결과로 모터의 회전 속도가 증가할수록 더 많은 양의 기포가 발생되지만 블레이드 끝단 면적의 증가와 기포 발생량의 변화는 상관성이 없음을 확인하였다. 또한 기포량의 감소율은 지속시간별로 일정하였고, 2분 이내에 전체량의 80%가 소멸됨을 관측하였다. 음향실험의 결과를 검증하기 위해 동일한 조건에서 광학카메라로 촬영한 기포 분포량과 비교하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.424-429
• /
• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 니켈 티타늄 전동파일의 피로 파절에 파일의 단면 형태가 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 6 종의 ProFile (Dentsply), Mtwo (VDW), K3 (SybronEndo), Heroshaper (MicroMega), NRT (Mani), Alpha system (KOMET) 니켈-티타늄 전동 파일(ISO 30 size/.04 taper)을 각 10개씩 실험군으로 배정하고 실험을 진행하였다. 니켈 티타늄 전동파일에 반복적인 장력과 압축력을 재현시킬 수 있는 피로파절 실험기(Denbotix)와 연결된 토크 조절 전동모터(Aseptico)에 각 군의 파일을 연결하여 300rpm 속도로 만곡도가 60도이고 5mm의 반경을 가진 인공 금속 근관 내를 6 mm pecking depth로 작동시켰다. 각 파일의 파절시간을 측정하고 통계 분석하여 유의성을 분석하였으며, 각 군의 파절된 모든 파일의 파절면을 주사전자현미경을 이용한 fractographic analysis를 통해 파절 역학을 규명하였다. 또한 각 군에서 3개의 사용하지 않은 새 파일을 clear resin에 매몰하고tip에서부터 3mm 지점을 횡절단하여 Image-Pro Plus (Imagej 1.34n, NIH) 소프트웨어로 절단면의 단면적을 측정하고 단면적의 크기와 피로 파절과의 상관성도 평가하였다. 실험 결과 NRT와 ProFile이 다른 실험군에 비해서 유의성 있게 높은 피로 파절 저항성을 보였다(P < .05). 또한 파일의 단면적은 피로파절 저항성과 통계학적인 유의성은 보이지 않았다. Fractographic analysis 결과 모든 시편에서 파절면은 ductile fracture와 brittle fracture가 혼재된 양상으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 니켈 티타늄 전동 파일의 단면적의 크기는 피로파절 저항과는 상관성이 적었다.