• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.243-251
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of aquatic and land dual-task training on balance, gait, and depression in chronic stroke patients. Methods: A total of 24 patients diagnosed with chronic stroke were the subjects. They were assigned to either the experimental group (n = 12) or the control group (n = 12). The experimental group performed aquatic dual-task training, while the control group performed land dual-task training. The aquatic and land dual-task training sessions were conducted once a day for 30 min, 5 days per week, for 6 weeks. Balance was measured using the Berg balance scale. Gait was measured using the Timed Up and Go Test. The Beck's Depression Inventory was used to measure depression. Results: Both the experimental and control groups showed significant differences in balance, gait, and depression after the intervention (p < 0.05) in the within-group comparisons. It was found that the experimental group showed more significant differences in balance, gait, and depression than the control group (p < 0.05) when the two groups were compared. Conclusion: It can be concluded that aquatic dual-task training effectively improved the balance ability, gait ability, and chronic stroke patients' depression based on these results.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2012

The aim of study was to assess the effectiveness of dementia elderly persons on the cognitive function, Activities of Daily Living(ADL) and balance-performing ability the group therapeutic exercise programs. Fifteen community-dwelling subjects participated in this study. An 4-week group therapeutic exercise program, including strengthening and balance training, breathing and gait exercise, and recreation, consisted of activities related to daily living. The Mini-Mental State Examination-korean(MMSE-K), Modified Barthel Index(MBI), Berg Balance Scale(BBS), and Timed Up & Go (TUG) test were measured during before and after exercise points The results of this study were as follows : 1) After eight weeks, the MMSE-K and MBI total scores were significantly increased to more after than before(p<.05, p<.01). 2) in the MBI contents, personal hygiene, dressing, ambulation and chair, bed transfers scores were significant increased to after. 3) after BBS, TUG scores were statistically significant higher than the before scores(p<.05, p<.05, p<.01). These findings suggest that group therapeutic exercise program can be used to improve the cognitive function, ADL and balance-performing ability in dementia elderly persons.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was an investigation of the effects of the bridge exercise with the sensory feedback of combined abdominal drawing-in on transverse abdominal and balance in patients with stroke. Methods: Forty subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. Subjects in the bridge exercise group (BG, n = 20) or feedback drawing-in bridge exercise group (FDBG, n = 20) were studied for 30 minutes each, twice daily, for four weeks. Outcomes were measured using affected weight distribution (AWD), anterior limit of stability (ALOS), posterior limit of stability (PLOS), timed up-and-go test (TUG), the Berg balance scale (BBS), and transverse abdominis thickness (TRA) before and after the four-week intervention period. Results: There were significant effects in the FDBG pre-intervention and post-intervention in AWD, ALOS, PLOS, TUG, BBS, and TRA. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the bridge exercise with sensory feedback combined with abdominal drawing-in could be beneficial for patients with stroke in terms of transverse abdominal and balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of aquatic exercise on balance and depression of stroke patients. Methods: For 12 participants with stroke, six members of the experimental group and six members of the control group were randomly selected and arranged. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) lower extremity aquatic pattern exercise was applied to the experimental group. On the other hand, participants in the control group performed PNF lower extremity pattern exercise on the ground. Both exercises were performed 30 minutes per day, five times per week, for a period of six weeks. Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up to Go test (TUG). Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CES-D). Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental group showed significant difference for balance and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between the two groups, the experimental group in which aquatic exercise was applied showed more significant change in balance and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, aquatic exercise was proven to enhance the balance and decrease the depression of stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2009

Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of core strength exercises on the balance control and walking ability of stroke patients. Methods: Twelve stroke patients participated in this study. These patients were divided into two groups (a core stability group and a control group). There were 6 subjects in each group. They participated in core strength exercises for 3 weeks. These exercises included The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Messen Trairuieren Dokumentieren (MTD) Systems for balance and walking were measured and compared before and after the treatment. Results: First, core strength exercises improved balance control of patients with stroke by increasing weight shifting to the affected side. Second, core strength exercises improved the walking ability of patients with stroke by reducing the TUG score. Third, there was a significant correlation between balance control and walking. Conclusion: Core strength exercises are effective for improving both balance control and walking.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.242-247
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of 60° semi-squat exercises according to three different types of support surfaces. The effects were examined on joint position sense and balancing ability using stable and unstable surfaces in patients afflicted with post-stroke hemiplegia. Methods: Subjects were instructed to perform three sets of 60° semi-squat exercises according to the characteristics of the support surface conditions. The three ground states were bilateral stable surface (BSS), nonaffected side unstable surface (NUS), and bilateral unstable surface (BUS). The joint position sense, characteristics of body sway, and dynamic balance were analyzed according to floor conditions before and after the experiment. A balance-pad (50 cm W×41 cm L×6 cm H; Alcan Airex AG, Sins, Switzerland) was used for the unstable floor. Results: The 60° semi-squat exercises applied to hemiplegic patients showed the highest statistical significance in joint position sense in the NUS group, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) in the BUS group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Functional training using an unstable surface can be applied as a meaningful intervention method for improving the balance and joint position sense of stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.213-219
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• 2023

Purpose: In this study, based on the error augmentation, we performed walking training with increased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed on the affected side (IRAS) and walking training with decreased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed on the unaffected side (DRAS). The purpose of this study was to verify whether motor learning was effective in improving balance ability. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects with chronic stroke were recruited from a rehabilitation center. The subjects were divided into three groups: an IRAS group (10 subjects), a DRAS group (9 subjects), and control group (9 subjects). They received 30minutes of neuro-developmental therapy and walking training for 30minutes, five times a week for three weeks. Static and functional balance ability were measured before and after the training period. Static balance was measured by balancia software. Functional balance was measured by the timed up and go test (TUG) and the berg balance scale (BBS). Results: After the training periods, the IRAS group showed a significant improvement in TUG, BBS, area 95% COP, and weight distribution on the affected side when compared to both the DRAS group and control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is possible to consider error augmentation methods of motor learning if rhythmic auditory stimulation is applied to stroke patients in clinical practice. If the affected side is shorter than the unaffected side, the affected side should be adjusted to the increased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed, which is considered to be an effective intervention to improve balance ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of close kinetic chain resistant exercise of lower extremity on the gait with stroke patients. METHODS: The subjects were 50 patients who were diagnosed with cerebrovascular accident. They were randomly assigned either to a close kinetic chain resistant exercise of lower extremity group (study group)(n=25) or open kinetic chain resistant exercise of lower extremity exercise group (control group)(n=25). Gait abilities were measured by using Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) and spatio-temporal gait variable that were velocity, cadence, stride length, double limb support by 3 axises wireless accelerometer and sway angle of center of mass by same instrument. RESULTS: Study group and control group before and after the intervention there were significantly difference in TUG, FGA, spatio-temporal gait variables and sway angle of center of mass (p<.05). There were significantly different between study group and control group for all variables at post-exercise. CONCLUSION: When all is said and done it is expected to be used as a method for the treatment and prevention in the process of rehabilitation of patients with stroke. In its final analysis when applying resistant exercise of lower extremity to stroke patients' gait, close kinetic chain is more effective than open kinetic chain.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.18-27
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dual-task training (cognitive and exercise tasks) on the balance and gait performance of chronic stroke patients. Eighteen subjects with chronic stroke were divided equally into two groups, an experimental group and a control group. Subjects in both groups participated in an exercise program, performing the same tasks, for 45 minutes per day, three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group also performed additional cognitive task. The experimental group showed a more significant improvement than the control group on the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go Test, the Korean Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, and the Functional Gait Assessment (p<.05). The cognitive task error rates in the final week were significantly less than in the first week in the experimental group (p<.01). These results suggest that dual-task training for chronic stroke patients is effective in improving balance, gait, and cognitive abilities.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.2-10
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of curved walking training on balance confidence and fall efficacy in early stroke patients. Methods: The study included 16 early stroke patients who were randomly allocated to a curved walking training group (experimental group, N=8) and a straight walking training group (control group, N=8). Both groups performed the exercise 5 times a week for 3 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Fall Efficacy Scale (FES), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results: After 3 weeks of training, both groups showed significantly improved ABC, FES, BBS, and TUG (p<.05 in both groups). However, the ABC, FES, BBS, and TUG scores in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that curved walking training may be effective at improving balance confidence and decreasing fall risk in early stroke patients. Therefore, curved walking training can be used as a recommended walking method in early stroke patients.