• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.162-175
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• 2020

본 연구는 비주얼 커뮤니케이션의 맥락에서 타이포그래피-특히 3차원 환경의 타이포그래피-와 글말의 기호성(記號性)을 시공간의 차원에서 융합하는 실천적 탐구를 다룬다. 지금까지의 타이포그래피 연구와 교육은 주로 지면(紙面)과 같은 2차원 환경과 인쇄 기술을 중심으로 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 본 연구는 지면을 벗어난 타이포그래피에 관한 프로젝트를 연구자가 직접 설계하고 수행한 결과로써 비주얼 커뮤니케이션에 쓰이는 사유와 표현의 수준을 한 차원 높이고 그 범위를 확장하는 기회를 제공한다. 프로젝트의 효율적인 진행을 위해 먼저 커뮤니케이션의 구조와 체계, 프로세스를 파악하고 비주얼 커뮤니케이션의 중추로서 2차원과 3차원 타이포그래피에 대해 고찰한다. 더불어 대표적인 3차원 타이포그래피 작품을 맥락적으로 분석하여 본 연구를 위해 진행한 프로젝트의 개념적 뼈대로 삼는다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 3차원 타이포그래피 프로젝트 연작 <수사적 공간>을 창작하여 그 가능성을 실제적이고 객관적으로 검증하고 제안한다. 나아가 문자 기반의 시각 언어와 비주얼 커뮤니케이션 디자인의 발전을 목표로 하는 아이디어의 시각화를 보다 공간적, 물리적, 그리고 입체적인 공적 환경의 영역에서 발현할 수 있는 기회로 삼고자 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 전자전장비에 사용할 수 있는 주파수 분석의 정확도가 높으면서 소형화된 디지털주파수판별기 설계방안을 제안하였다. 전자전 장비는 레이더 신호로부터 주파수, 펄스폭, 펄스도착시간, 신호세기, 도달 방위각, 펄스 내 신호변조 등의 정보를 분석할 수 있어야 한다. 전자전장비는 레이더의 매우 좁은 펄스(100ns 이하) 신호를 분석 할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 전자전장비는 특별한 형태의 수신기 구조가 필요하며, 주파수 측정을 위하여 순시주파수측정방식 구조의 설계가 일반적으로 사용된다. 이 중 대표적으로 사용되는 방식이 디지털주파수판별기다. 기존 디지털주파수판별기는 회로 소자가 개별부품으로 구성되어 부피와 중량이 크며, 고가인 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해, 기존의 디지털주파수판별기는 4개의 지연선($1{\lambda}$, $4{\lambda}$, $16{\lambda}$, $64{\lambda}$)을 사용하는 반면, 제안한 디지털주파수판별기는 3개의 지연선($1{\lambda}$, $4{\lambda}$, $16{\lambda}$)을 사용하였으며, 국내에서도 비약적인 발전을 하고 있는 마이크로 집적회로 기법으로 설계하였다. 주파수 정확도를 향상하기 위한 방법으로 신호세기 검출과 온도보정을 실시하였다. 제안한 디지털주파수판별기는 실험결과 1.5MHz 이하의 높은 주파수정확도를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 이것은 국외 도입되는 디지털주파수판별기보다 우수한 성능을 가진다고 볼 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2018

비례-적분-미분(PID) 제어기는 단순한 구조와 넓은 범위의 운전영역에서 견고한 성능으로 인해 산업계에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 제어대상으로서 AVR(Automatic Voltage Regulator)은 전력 시스템의 파라미터의 변동에 강인하지 않다. 따라서 PID 제어기를 사용하여 AVR 시스템의 안정성과 성능을 향상시키는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 PSO(Partial Swarm Optimization) 알고리즘을 사용하여 AVR 시스템을 위한 최적 PID 제어기 파라미터를 결정하는 새로운 설계 방법을 제시한다. 제안하는 접근법은 쉬운 구현뿐만 아니라 안정된 수렴 특성 및 양호한 계산 효율과 우수한 특성을 갖는다. 또한, 제안 된 PSO-PID 제어기의 성능을 평가하기 위해 새로운 목적함수를 정의한다. 이 목적함수는 최대백분율 오버슈트와 정정시간이 설계사양으로 주어진 경우 이를 반영하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 ITAE 평가함수에 제약 조건을 위반하면 벌점을 부과하도록 하여 PSO 알고리즘이 PID 제어기 파라미터를 탐색할 때 설계사양을 만족하도록 하게 한다. 최종적으로 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 PSO-PID 제어기는 단자전압 계단응답에 대해 주어진 설계사양을 만족할 뿐만 아니라 다른 유사한 최근의 연구보다 더 우수한 제어 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.559-575
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• 2016

In order to investigate the influence of different blade positions on aerodynamic load and wind loads and load-effects of large scale wind turbine tower under the halt state, we take a certain 3 MW large scale horizontal axis three-blade wind turbine as the example for analysis. First of all, numerical simulation was conducted for wind turbine flow field and aerodynamic characteristics under different halt states (8 calculating conditions in total) based on LES (large eddy simulation) method. The influence of different halt states on the average and fluctuating wind pressure coefficients of turbine tower surface, total lift force and resistance coefficient, circular flow and wake flow characteristics was compared and analysed. Then on this basis, the time-domain analysis of wind loads and load-effects was performed for the wind turbine tower structure under different halt states by making use of the finite element method. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: The halt positions of wind blade could have a big impact on tower circular flow and aerodynamic distribution, in which Condition 5 is the most unfavourable while Condition 1 is the most beneficial condition. The wind loads and load-effects of disturbed region of tower is obviously affected by different halt positions of wind blades, especially the large fluctuating displacement mean square deviation at both windward and leeward sides, among which the maximum response occurs in $350^{\circ}$ to the tower top under Condition 8; the maximum bending moment of tower bottom occurs in $330^{\circ}$ under Condition 2. The extreme displacement of blade top all exceeds 2.5 m under Condition 5, and the maximum value of windward displacement response for the tip of Blade 3 under Condition 8 could reach 3.35 m. All these results indicate that the influence of halt positions of different blades should be taken into consideration carefully when making wind-resistance design for large scale wind turbine tower.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Purpose - This is a comparative study of the market development and characteristics of Ulsan in South Korea, Fukuoka in Japan, and Yanji in China, which are major East Sea Rim cities with adjacent areas of similar natural characteristics of the sea and the country. Particularly, it considers these aspects while focusing on the evolution of networks that appear in the distribution system and at the same time examining the institutions of market activation and regulations that are handled by the central and the local government and the changing logistics due to the development of transportation and the concern of food safety, using a meso-analysis approach. Research design, data, and methodology - The study used a historical and comparative approach with a focus on case studies. It made use of various materials such as local newspaper articles, reports, literature, interviews with experts, discussions with local merchants, discussions with customers, and so forth. Results - In the case of Fukuoka, from the 1960s, due to the entry of supermarkets, supermarkets expanded and they have now come to a dominant market position in the current market. They offer a convenient and comfortable environment while providing a large mall offering a variety of educational and cultural activities for customers to meet the customers' needs, such as the preferences of Korean tourists, who appear to prefer Japanese foods. The Fukuoka City Central Wholesale Market has been exporting fruits and vegetables as well as seafood products to Korea, China, and so forth. In the case of Ulsan, as in the early 2000s, due to the expansion of supermarkets, the traditional markets have been shrinking and further, the modernization of traditional markets was conducted under the auspices of the Small Business Administration. In addition to the large discount malls, the expansion of SSM is expected to further drive the small trader bay. Shopping malls, department stores, and traditional markets contend with each other in Yanji, China, but a large number of citizens appear to prefer traditional markets and imported milk in the supermarket after the melamine scandal in China. Recently, the WanYuan (萬源) wholesale market has been partially completed and made an attempt to become a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Conclusions - For the development of Korea's retail industry, it is important to offer the government with proposals regarding desired regulation. On the other hand, in order to enable the business of traditional markets, it requires an association for cultural tourism. At present, it would be better to provide a venture fund for the youth rather than infrastructure support. This study emphasizes the importance of institutions and policy to develop networks in the East Sea Rim. Future studies should conduct a survey on customers, managers, and merchants more carefully and systematically to understand the market situation while considering the size of the city and its evolution of markets, as well as policies and institutions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.794-801
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• 2017

전도성 평판의 모서리에 래디얼 동전기 휠을 부분적으로 중첩시켜 회전시키면 휠에는 부상력과 모서리 방향의 추력 그리고 중첩 영역을 감소시키는 방향으로의 횡력이 발생한다. 이러한 휠을 조합하면 진행 방향을 제외한 나머지 축에서의 자기 안정성이 담보되는 시스템 구현이 가능하다. 실증차원에서 래디얼 동전기 휠을 이용한 자기 부상 방식 이송 시스템을 제안한다. 시스템은 네 개의 동전기 휠에 의해 부상, 추진되며 앞뒤 휠에 의한 추력이 서로 상쇄되도록 대항하는 구조로 배치되어있다. 휠의 동적 안정성과 동전기력에 미치는 휠 극수의 영향이 유한요소법을 이용하여 분석된다. 단동 휠에 의한 추력과 부상력은 강하게 연성되어있고 이를 가변시킬 수 있는 인자는 휠의 회전속도뿐이다. 따라서 두 힘을 독립적으로 제어하기 위해 추력과 부상력간의 비율이 속도에 비례하고 공극의 크기와 무관하다는 사실을 이용한다. 이러한 제어 방법으로 시스템의 면내, 면외 운동 제어를 수행하고 이를 시뮬레이션 결과와 비교하였다. 실험 결과는 휠의 속도만으로 연성된 자유도를 효과적으로 제어할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2013

본 연구는 고종 연간 변형된 창덕궁 존덕정 일원의 지당을 대상으로 변모된 내용과 경위를 구명하고 조선시대 궁원 조영의 통시적 차원에서 이의 내적 맥락을 고찰한 것이다. 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 존덕정 일원의 지당이 변형되기 시작한 시점은 19세기 후반에 촬영된 사진과 "고종실록"의 기록을 근거로 고종 21년(1884년)으로 판단하였다. 둘째, 개축 존덕정 일원의 지당은 향원지와 유사한 공간구성을 갖도록 정비되어 갔던 바, 고종이 창덕궁 환어 후 착수한 존덕정 일원 지당의 개조는 경복궁 건청궁과 향원지의 정감을 재현한 결과물로 판단된다. 셋째, 개축 존덕정 일원 지당의 교량은 연경당과 존덕정 영역을 통합하는 후원 기능 확장의 방편으로 활용되었다. 이것은 경복궁에서 건청궁이 향원정을 잇는 취향교를 통해 일대의 공간을 점유했던 방법과 같았다. 넷째, 고종때에 조성된 존덕정 일원 지당과 향원지는 연경당과 건청궁의 이용을 전제로 한 것이었으며, 나아가 두 일곽의 위상을 반영한 것이었다. 다섯째, 개축 존덕정 일원의 지당은 단순히 고종의 경관을 감상하는 취향에 따라 필요한 공간을 조성한 것이 아니라, 선대부터 전승되어온 후원정당의 맥락상에 있는 조영체로 판단된다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to investigate operation system of current convenience store and competing retail store and to find out development of unattended convenience store. Operators can save labor cost and solve labor seeking when opening shop under suitable environment and commerce area, and assure of employee's safety. Customers are allowed to select commodity comfortably without disclosure of face and to shorten standby time at simple store opening, buying and paying and to produce convenient living environment by financing, delivery and goods control. This study examined effect and problems of operation of existing and unattended convenience store from point of view of visual merchandising to find out model of unattended convenience store and to strengthen competitiveness of convenience store business. Research design, data, and methodology - Research procedure of accomplishment of goal of the study was: The study investigated state of distribution business, and role and definition of VMD. First, VMD played an important role of promotion and competitiveness of unattended convenience stores. Second, the author investigated research and cases of unattended convenience stores 14 months, that is to say, from August 15, 2017 to October 15, 2018. Third, the author investigated on-the-spot three of common convenience stores, three of unattended convenience stores and three of retailers one month, that is to say, June 1, 2018 to July 1, 2018. The subject was convenience stores and retailers selling similar type of products at Seoul and metropolitan area. Results - Layout, selling place, brand identity, goods assortment, authentication system, product information cognition and control, buying and payment system, security system, salesmen, promotion and other services should be improved from point of view of merchandising. Structure, furniture, lighting, voice, façade, VP, PP, IP and POP should be developed. Conclusions - Unattended convenience stores saved operating cost and lessened labor and gave visitors convenience and comfortable shopping and made use of resources effectively. Further studies with quantitative analysis shall find out strategic conditions for promotion of unattended convenience stores.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.45-71
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• 1991

The landscape systems in Korean island settlements can be recognized as results of ingabitants' ecological adptation to the isolated environment with the limited natural resources. Both the fishery dominant industry in island society and ecological nature of its environments seem to have influenced on inhabitants' environmental cognition as well as the physical landscape of island villages such as its location, spatial pattern in each village, housing form and so on. This study was done mainly by both refering to the related documents and direct observations in case study areas, and results of the study can be summarized as follows. 1. In general, the landscape of an individual island seems to take more innate characteristics of island's own, corresponding to the degree of isolation from mainland. That is, while the landscape of island in neighboring waters takes both inland-like and island-innate landscape character at the same time, the one in the open sea far from land takes more innate landscape character of all island's own in the aspects of village location, land use and housing density etc. 2. The convex landform of most islands brings about more centrifugal village allocation than centripetal allocation in most inland villages. And thus most villages in each island face extremely diverse directions different from the south facing preference in most inland rural villages. 3. Most island villages tend to be located along the ecologically transitional strip between land and sea, so called 'line of life', rather than between hilly slope and flat land as being in most inland village locations. So they are located with marine ecology bounded fishing ground ahead and land ecology bounded agricultural site at the back of them. 4. The settlement pattern of the island fishing villages shows more compact spatial structure than that of inland agricultural villages, due to the absolute limits of usable land resources and the adaptation to the marine environment with severe sea winds and waves or for the easy accessability to the fishing grounds. And also the managerial patterns of public owned sea weed catching ground, which take each family as the unit of usership rather than an individual, seem to make the villagescape more compact and the size of Individual residence smaller than that of inland agricultural village. 5. The folk shrine('Dand') systems, in persrective of villagescape, represent innate environmental cognition of island inhabitants above all other cultural landscape elements in the island. Usually the kinds and the meanings of island's communal shrine and its allocative patternsin island villagescape are composed of set with binary opposition, for example 'Upper shrine(representing 'earth', 'mountain' or 'fire')' and 'Lower Shrine(representing 'sea', 'dragon' or 'water') are those. They are usually located at contrary positions in villagescape each other. That is, they are located at 'the virtical center or visual terminus(Upper shrine at hillside behind the village)' and 'the border or entrance(Lower Shrine at seashore in front of the village)'. Each of these shirines' divinity coincides with each subsystem of island's natural eco-system(earth sphere vs marine sphere) and they also contribute to ecological conservation, bonded with the 'Sacred Forest(usually with another function of windbreak)' or 'Sacred Natural Fountain' nearby them, which are representatives of island's natural resources.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2006

This study long jump action to each situation on a chessboard and section of sight disabled person and normal person through third dimension reflex analysis mechanical special quality because do comparative analysis sight disabled person's exercise ability and technology structure of action that run understand. As can do better without danger of injury map and training of exercise item that action that run is included, do offer of pabulum by purpose. Through this study, conclusion is as following. 1. Sight disabled persons' long jump average recording (121.84cm) showing normal persons' average recording (259.27cm) and much differences, show that motion of body is not big to Touch-down from Ready action. 2. Each phase body center composition(r) average speed displayed result that it is more meaning more than Each phase time required. 3. Began in line carriage without body back stretching in 1 situation on Event one are sight disabled persons. Was expose that do not bend enough knee and ankle than normal person in Event two. Was expose that body is not drooped for surface of land in Event three, and knee and ankle were expose that do not unfold easily than normal person. Was expose that do not bend enough on Touch-down knee by relation that can not grasp position of the floor in Event four. 4. When taking off, the average of horizontal speed of body center are 1.80m/sec for blind people and 3.53m/sec for the normal. In this connection, the study shows that the difference of horizontal speed between the blind and the normal is bigger than difference of vertical speed, which are 1.56m/sec for the blind and 1.98m/sec for the normal. Also, composite speed also shows us big difference between 2.41m/sec of the blind and 4.07m/sec of the normal. The speed body center of take-off was expose that average adjuster are big width of deceleration than average - beginning disabled person's average by 2.23m/sec - 1.71m/sec in the vertical speed. 5. If examine change of high and low for z Sign of right hand, change of high and low showed as is small than normal person is sight obstacle, and all hand movements are small and was expose that do not use enough reaction of body as well as in ready action.