• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of cultural conditions of koji on the production of organic acid during rice-koji making by Aspergillus awamori var. kawachii which is now widely used as koji-mold in brewing Takju and Yakju in Korea. The optimum temperature for the germination of the conidia of the mold was 35'8, and the time required for germination at this temperature was 8 hours. Rapid germination occurred when the water content of steamed rice was above 40%, but germination retardation occurred markedly below 35%. The optimum cultural temperature for the production of organic acid was 32$^{\circ}C$, and the production of organic acid was markedly restricted at 36$^{\circ}C$ and 4$0^{\circ}C$. It was effective for the high production of both saccharogenic amylase and organic acid to shift the cultural temperature from initial 36$^{\circ}C$ to 32$^{\circ}C$ after 20~25 hours of cultivation. Initial water content suitable to the production of organic acid was 40% in steamed rice, but its production was markedly restricted below 30% of water content. When the quantity of conidial inoculation was too small, the production of organic acid was low in initial phase, but it was retrived at later period. Acid production was markedly restricted together with the increase in koji thickness.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.580-587
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• 2023

Androsace septentrionalis is a grass species restricted to North Korea; however, it is at the brink of extinction due to habitat loss and environmental changes caused by natural disasters and anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to characterize the dormancy conditions of A. septentrionalis in an effort to conserve this North Korean plant resource. For this purpose, the morphological characteristics and vigor of A. septentrionalis seeds were examined, and its germination characteristics under different temperature conditions (15/6℃ and 25/15℃ ), low-temperature stratification, and gibberellin (GA₃) treatment were determined. The results revealed that A. septentrionalis exhibits non-deep type morpho-physiological dormancy, and low-temperature stratification treatment was not effective in breaking the dormancy of A. septentrionalis seeds. Meanwhile, GA₃ treatment significantly increased the mean germination time, rate, and speed of the seeds. The optimal conditions for the germination of A. septentrionalis seeds were 25/15℃ fluctuating temperature and 500 mg·L¹ GA₃ treatment. The results of this study are useful for the mass propagation of A. septentrionalis.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 1985

Germination respone to sulfuric acid treatment, temperature, light and underwater condition were experimented for Albizzia julibrissin Durazz. seed. It took 60 minutes to break the dormancy of impermeable seed for the effective sulfuric acid treatment, and temperature sensitivity was decreased by 90 minutes' treatment. The germination rate of the seed was highest, i.e. 96% at 60 minutes acid treatment in a 21。C growth chamber. On the occasion of light sensitivity, the seed was light indifferent. The imbibition rate of seed was higher at 27。C than 21。C and in proportion to the period of acid treatment time. A. julibrissin Durazz. seed were well germinated at underwagter condition.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2020

This study was conducted to examine the vitality of Bletilla striata Rchb.f. seed treated with different concentrations sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for different lengths of time. This study also examined the effect of NaOCl treatment times and concentrations on swelling formation and seed germination of B. striata seed. The non-treated B. striata seed had the highest survival rate (82.7%) Treatment with more than 1.5% NaOCl negatively affected the seed survival rate, as compared to concentrations of less than 1%. The swelling formation and seed germination percentages were highest (90.1% and 94.1%, respectively) when seeds were treated with 0.5% NaOCl for 20 min. These results can be used as important basic data for the growth and restoration of B. striata and further suggest the possibility of individual restoration in habitats.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.959-961
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• 2011

Manure-based composts can have detrimental effects on the agricultural lands and crops if they are applied without proper stabilization process. Composting is well-known method for the stabilization of manure-based composts and the extent of composting could be examined by maturity test. Among various methods to examine compost maturity, the performances of two mechanical methods (Solvita and CoMMe-100) were examined and the test results were compared with seed germination test. The mechanical methods are considered to be simple and relatively objective. Also they are cost- and time-efficient. Ten commercially available composts collected in Korea were used for this study. Basically, the maturity determined with these mechanical methods was in good agreement with the seed germination test. However, it appeared that the index levels of compost maturity indicated more maturity by CoMMe-100 than Solvita for the same compost. The differences between maturity index levels determined by both methods were able to be minimized through extending the reaction time for CoMMe-100 and adjusting index level for maturity determination in the standard color chart.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.274-285
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• 1996

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of seed coating with ten environmentally acceptable polymers, on germination percentage, water uptake, respiration, emergence and seedling growth characteristics. The water absorption of polymer-coated seeds in saturation condition was highest in klucel and lowest in polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP), and that in water was highest in klucel and lowest in maltrin. Respiration rates of polymer-coated seeds in Hwayoungbyeo and Ilpumbyeo were lower than those of none-coated seeds, and those in Daecheongbyeo and Jinmibyeo were higher than that of none-coated seeds, and those of sepiret coated seeds were higher than PVP coated seeds. The germination polimer-coated seed was reduced by one percentage by coating with seed coating machine. Germination percentage was not affected by any of polymer coating in high quality seed, but there were significant effects in low quality seed coating with waterlock, surelease 46 and sepiret significantly reduced germination some cultivars. Germination percentage after accelated ageing treatment were slightly higher most of polymer-coated seeds than in none-coated seeds, but those of sepiret-and klucel-coated seeds were lower significantly. Germination percentage of seeds coated with daran 8600, rnaltrin, sacrust and opadry were enhanced slightly under cold test other polimers reduced germination. The seedling height of polymer-coated seeds were longer than those of none-coated seeds, but those of waterlock, PVP and maltrin coating seeds were shorter, seedling hight was shortened by polimer coating under cold test. Polymer-coated seeds showed higher emergence percentage, shorter emergence time in field condition. The highest emergence percentage and the shortest emergence time was shown at 90% soil moisture content.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.394-400
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• 2013

This study was carried out in order to examine the germination characteristics of Atractylodes japonica seeds, and it was to develop the more efficient pre-treatment and production system of the seeds. Experiment was performed by two ways-temperature control (10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) and shading treatment (full sunlight, 35, 50, 75, 95% of full sunlight). Seed pre-treatment before the each experiment was carried out by temperature (with low temperature and wetting treatment (LTW) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days) and shading treatment (with drying at room temperature (DRT), drying at low temperature (DLT) and water soaking (WS) for 48 hours). Seeds of A. japonica were germinated well under temperature control (overall 85.3~100%), especially high temperature. And, the seeds pre-treated with LTW for 45 days germinated with a 100% success rate. Under the surveying shading treatment, the highest germination rate was 95.8% with DRT and overall 63.2~95.8%. Germination rate under seeds with WS was 63.2~7.8%. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, A. japonica seeds don't need to pre-treat cause of high germination, but if it is performed with LTW for a certain period of time, it would be more productive.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.438-444
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate temperature effect on seed germination behaviors and seed viability changes by drying periods of three Ulmus species (Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai, U. pumila L., and U. parvifolia Jacq.) distributed in Korea. Statistical analysis showed that temperature had a significant effect on mean germination time in three Ulmus species, but its effect on germination percentage was only shown in U. parvifolia (p<0.01). U. davidiana var. japonica and U. pumila germinated relatively consistent in all temperature conditions, especially the latter showed high germination behaviors in low temperatures (10-15$^{\circ}C$). U. parvifolia germinated well in high temperature (25$^{\circ}C$), while this species rarely germinated in low temperature conditions (10-20$^{\circ}C$). The results confirm that seeds of U. pumila and U. parvifolia are orthodox seeds which can be stored under 4-8% moisture condition, and U. davidiana var. japonica seed is recalcitrant seed which is difficult to store for a long time. In conclusion, these differences of the germination behaviors for three Ulmus species seem to be adaptive regimes of their natural habitats, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.123-132
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• 2006

This research was studied to inverstigate the effect of plant mixtures and tackifibers on the vegetation of slope sites. 5 type plant mixtures(tree type, forest type, native herbaceous plant type, foreign herbaceous plant type, and cool-season turfgrass type) and 3 different tackifibers (Guar tackifibers, Polyarchrylamide tackifibers and Cellulose methyl starch) were treated with 3 replications on the experimented slope. The germination and coverage rate were high on native and foreign herbaceous plants and low on cool-season turfgrass, forest and tree types. We could notice that herbaceous plant types were effective on the vegetation of slope in the short term. Because tree or forest type vegetations similar to natural plant habitat, however, were preferable on slope vegetation in the long term, tree species of high germination rate should be selected in this experiment for tree or forest type slope vegetations. Tackifiber treatments increased the germination rate during the early treatment stage. However, the effect of tackifiber treatment on germination rate was decreased on the elapse of time. Guar tackifiber treatment was most effective on the vegetation of slope. As far as soil erosion control was concerned, all tackifiber treatments were effective compared to control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 1995

Seeds of chicory were collected and selected with good germination, emergence and productivity. To develop chicory as a new forage crop seeds were primed with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and coated with some chemicals, and tested in laboratory and field. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Among the seed lines collected, PUlgAH, PU21TH, PU37CH and PU30TK were germinated more quickly and took less time for germination than the others. 2. PUI8AH was the best in emergence and growth although PU21TH showed superior germinative ability among the lines collected. 3. Chicory seeds primed with 20~25% PEG solution for three days at $10^{\circ}C$, or the seeds treated with 25% PEG solution at $15^{\circ}C$ regardless the treatment period showed good germination performances. 4. Osmotic priming with PEG accelerated the germination of chicory, but not in the field. 5. Coated seeds geminated more slowly in Petridishes but showed superior emergence and growth to those of primed or untreated seeds. Treatment 3 showed the best performances in pot experiment. 6. Coated seeds showed remarkable increase in establishment and dry matter yield especially in sod sowing compared to the other sowing method. 7. Most nutrient contents except iron and manganese of chicory were much higher than those of mixed pasture .