• 한국의류학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 1988

As the culture develops, the body of children nowadays improves, but their physical fitness is weaker than that of children in the past. If physical fitness strengthens through clothing, this must be the easiest and the most efficient long-range training method. To find out the solutions on the above mentioned problems through clothing, this study was made for the analysis of the correlations of clothing weight and physical fitness. The children's endurance upon cold can be explained by the physical fitness, and has relation with the clothing insulation. Therefore, motor ability was measured as an index of physical fitness and clothing weight was measured as an index of insulation. This observation was made in Spring and Fall, 1985, in which 339 kindergartners and their mothers were the subject. The results of the study were as follows: Physical fitness of children decreased in proportion to the clothing weight, and especially this can be seen in boys rather than in girls, and in Fall rather than in Spring. In case of the children who spent more time outdoors rather than indoors, who played in larger space, and who didn't have meat frequently, it turned out that their clothing weight was surprisingly lessened and their physical fitness was highly food.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2019

Objectives: Although the risk assessments for nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) and ozone ($O_3$) have been extensively studied, most of the existing risk assessments were limited mainly to indoor environments such as workplaces, schools, and multi-use facilities. Therefore, integrated risk assessment is needed to consider exposure in all microenvironments, including outdoors. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in risk among sub-population groups according to time-activity patterns and reported concentrations, as well as the lifetime risk of Koreans. Methods: In this study, we estimated time-weighted average exposure concentrations of $NO_2$ and $O_3$ for preschool children, students, housewives, workers, and seniors using residential time and indoor concentrations (house, school or workplace, other), outdoors, and transport by meta-analysis method. The risk for $NO_2$ and $O_3$ were assessed by hazard quotient using reference concentrations 30 and 60 ppb, respectively. The risk assessments were conducted through 1,000,000 Monte-Carlo simulations for probabilistic analysis. Results: Preschool children, students, housewives, workers, and seniors spent 91.9, 86.0, 79.8, 82.2, and 77.3% of their day in a house, school, or workplace, respectively. The risk assessment for the lifetime of a housewife and a worker showed that 33.8 and 28.4% of hazard quotients of $NO_2$ exceed 1, respectively, and more than 99% of hazard quotient of $O_3$ were less than 1. Conclusions: The risk of $NO_2$ and $O_3$ by sub-population group and for the lifetime of housewives and workers were assessed. The risk for $NO_2$ was higher than for $O_3$ and showed a different risk by sub-population group. Both $NO_2$ and $O_3$ showed a higher risk for housewives than for workers. This study can be used as a basis for lifetime exposure and risk assessment for $NO_2$ and $O_3$.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2002

Indoor and outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO$_2$) concentrations were measured and compared with measurements of personal exposures of 95 persons in Seoul, Korea and 57 persons in Brisbane, Australia, respectively. Time activity diary was used to determine the impact on NO$_2$ exposure assessment and microenvironmental model to estimate the personal NO$_2$ exposure. Most people both Seoul and Brisbane spent their times more than 90% of indoor and more than 50% in home, respectively. Personal NO$_2$ exposures were significantly associated with indoor NO$_2$ levels with Pearson coefficient of 0.70 (p＜0.01) and outdoor NO$_2$ levels with Pearson coefficient of 0.66 (p＜0.01) in Seoul and of 0.51 (p＜0.01) and of 0.33 (p＜0.05) in Brisbane, respectively. Using microenvironmental model by time weighted average model, personal NO$_2$ exposures were estimated with NO$_2$ measurements in indoor home, indoor office and outdoor home. Estimated NO$_2$ measurements were significantly correlated with measured personal exposures (r = 0.69, p＜0.001) in Seoul and in Brisbane (r = 0.66, p＜0.001), respectively. Difference between measured and estimated NO$_2$ exposures by multiple regression analysis was explained that NO$_2$ levels in near workplace and other outdoors in Seoul (p = 0.023), and in transportation in Brisbane (p = 0.019) affected the personal NO$_2$ exposures.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This review describes the risk factors of the nutrition crisis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections and suggests precision nutrition against long-term psychological and physiological stress. The mandatory quarantine and the social distancing are associated with an interruption of the lifestyle routine, resulting in psychological (i.e., boredom) and physiological stress. The stress with multiple causes and forms induces over-compensation of energy-dense food, such as sugary comfort food, and is defined as "food craving" because carbohydrates positively affect the psychological stability with serotonin secretion. The consumption of foods that promote an immune response against viral infections (vitamins & minerals; Cu, folate, Fe, Se, Zn, and Vit A, B6, B12, C, and D), reduce inflammatory cytokines (w-3 fatty acids, Vit D, fibers, and Mg), contain antioxidants (beta-carotene, Vit E, C, Se, and phenolics), and sleep-inducing proteins (serotonin, melatonin, and milk products) is essential. In addition, a reduced Vit D deficiency in winter due to less time spent outdoors under quarantine has been reported to be associated with viral infections. The case fatality rate of COVID-19 was significantly dependent on age, sex, race, and underlying health condition. To prevent malnutrition and cachexia in elderly people, weight loss and muscle wasting should be monitored and controlled. Inadequate protein intake, sedentary lifestyle, and inflammation are significant risk factors for sarcopenia. Moreover, relatively high intakes of fat or carbohydrate compared to low protein intake result in abdominal obesity, which is defined as "sarcopenic obesity." Keeping the food-safety guidelines of COVID-19, this study recommends the consumption of fresh and healthy foods and avoiding sugar, fat, salt, alcohol, and commercially frozen foods.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2007

레저문화의 발달과 주5일제의 근무로 주말 가족과 함께 보내는 시간이 많아지면서 야외로 캠핑을 즐기는 사람들이 많아지고 있다. 팬션이나 캠핑카의 이용도 많은 반면 가족, 친구단위로 여름 휴가철에는 많은 텐트이용을 볼 수 있다. 현재 우리나라의 텐트디자인 역시 조금씩 발전, 변화되어가고 있지만 기후, 문화습성, 선호색상에 따라 독특한 디자인적 특성을 가지고 있는 외국의 텐트디자인 만큼 발전하고 있지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 외국과 국내 텐트디자인 요소에서 컬러, 프레임 등을 중심으로 텐트디자인 경향을 비교분석하여 차이점을 조사하고, 이론적인 자료와 아이디어 스케치를 통하여 텐트의 크기, 넓이, 이동과 설치의 간편함 중심으로 우리나라 특성에 맞는 텐트디자인의 방향을 제시하였다. 손쉽게 설치하고 운반의 용이성을 주기 위해 프레임에 대한 무게를 최소화하고 내구성의 강화와 공기 흐름을 유입경로를 파악하여 쾌적한 공간 연출을 위하여 기존의 텐트보다 창문의 스타일과 크기가 많아지고 텐트의 크기를 넓혀 가방이나 짐을 내부 한 구속에 창고형식의 공간을 두어 사용자들에게 최대한 넓은 활동 공간을 유도하였다. 이론조사를 통한 외국 텐트의 경향과 국내 텐트의 경향에 대하여 자료 수집정리와 텐트의 칼라비교와 언어이미지를 추출하여 프레임스타일을 응용스타일결과로 제시하여 3개월의 준비기간으로 샘플 제작을 하여 테스트 단계를 거쳐 중국 공장에서 양산되고 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권10호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2013

Purpose: Previous studies suggest that the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in cord blood may show an inverse association with respiratory tract infections (RTI) during childhood. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of 25(OH)D concentrations in cord blood on infant RTI in a Korean birth cohort. Methods: The levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood obtained from 525 Korean newborns in the prospective COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases were examined. The primary outcome variable of interest was the prevalence of RTI at 6-month follow-up, as diagnosed by pediatricians and pediatric allergy and pulmonology specialists. RTI included acute nasopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, otitis media, croup, tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Results: The median concentration of 25(OH)D in cord blood was 32.0 nmol/L (interquartile range, 21.4 to 53.2). One hundred and eighty neonates (34.3%) showed 25(OH)D concentrations less than 25.0 nmol/L, 292 (55.6%) showed 25(OH)D concentrations of 25.0-74.9 nmol/L, and 53 (10.1%) showed concentrations of ${\geq}75.0$ nmol/L. Adjusting for the season of birth, multivitamin intake during pregnancy, and exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy, 25(OH)D concentrations showed an inverse association with the risk of acquiring acute nasopharyngitis by 6 months of age (P for trend=0.0004). Conclusion: The results show that 89.9% of healthy newborns in Korea are born with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency (55.6% and 34.3%, respectively). Cord blood vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in healthy neonates is associated with an increased risk of acute nasopharyngitis by 6 months of age. More time spent outdoors and more intensified vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women may be needed to prevent the onset of acute nasopharyngitis in infants.