• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of time remaining to use mileage in the notification message from retailers on consumer responses. A total of 577 consumers participated in experiments involving different notification messages of the time remaining to use mileage. Results showed: 1) a significant difference in mileage benefit perception, positive emotion, negative emotion, attitude toward retailers, and repurchase intention according to the remaining time to use mileages, 2) benefit perception positively affected positive emotion and negatively affected negative emotion; positive emotion positively affected and negative emotion negatively affected attitude toward retailers; and attitude positively affected repurchase intention on retailers, and 3) the remaining time to use mileages moderates the relationship between attitude and repurchase intention. Findings highlighted the importance of timing of the message to notify the consumer as to remaining time to use mileage. In the case of a message indicating long remaining time to use mileage, consumers showed more positive responses toward retailers than did consumers who had a message indicating short remaining time to use mileage. These results can be used as guidelines to select the optimal time to send notification messages of remaining time to use mileage in order to generate positive consumer responses.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2024

This study uses the 9th 1st year (2022) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to analyze the relationship between sleep time and the number of existing teeth for the adult population aged 19 or older to provide basic data on related dental development. There is a purpose. This program is designed to improve sleep quality and maintain the number of viable teeth in the future. The subjects were 53,220 people who answered the questions. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (ver 21.0) program using complex samples, and chi-square analysis and logistic return analysis were performed. As a result, it was found that 2.537 times more existing teeth remained when sleep time was 9 hours or more than when sleep time was 6 hours or less, and there was a statistically significant difference. In conclusion, it is necessary to recognize the importance of the number of remaining teeth and to make efforts to manage personal immunity, such as sleep management for adults, and to promote and prevent oral care and oral health education in order to maintain the number of remaining teeth.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.553-560
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• 2003

현재까지 연구된 SRGM을 이용하여 정해진 시각에 수집된 테스트 데이터를 가지고 예상되는 소프트웨어 고장이나 잔존 에러수를 추정할 수 있다. 그러므로 소프트웨어 신뢰성 달성 정도 및 운용 단계에서 소프트웨어 신뢰도를 예측할 수 있다. 그러나 어느 모델을 선택하는가에 따라 신뢰도 평가는 달라질 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 에러제거 비용을 고려한 SRGM으로서 테스트 비용을 에러 검출 및 에러제거 비용까지도 고려한 SRGM을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 이를 이용하여 소프트웨어에 있는 잔존 에러수와 릴리즈 이후 신뢰도 값과 최적 릴리즈 시기를 추정하여 보다 더 정확한 신뢰성 평가를 할 수 있다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2021

Background and objective: Particulate matter (PM) has a fatal effect on health. There have been many studies on the use of plants such as trees and shrubs as eco-friendly and sustainable biofilter for the removal of PM. In forming more green space, ground cover plants play an important role in multi-layered planting. This study was conducted to investigate the ability of plants to reduce PM, targeting Korean native ground cover plants with high availability in urban green spaces. Methods: For 4 species of Asteraceae, 4 species of Liliaceae, and 3 species of Rosaceae, one species of plants at a time were placed in an acrylic chamber (800 × 800 × 1000 mm, L × W × H) modeling an indoor space. After the injection of PM, the amount of PM remaining in the chamber over time was investigated. Results: For all three types of PM (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), significant difference occurred in the amount of PM remaining between plant species after 1 hour in the Liliaceae chamber, 3 hours in the Asteraceae chamber, and 5 hours in the Rosaceae chamber. With Liliaceae, the leaf area and the amount of PM remaining in the chamber showed a negative (-) correlation. With the Asteraceae and Rosaceae, there was a weak negative correlation between the leaf area and the amount of PM remaining in the chamber. Conclusion: When using ground cover plants as a biofilter to remove PM, it is considered effective to select a species with a large total leaf area, especially for Liliaceae.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.2-7
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes after open reduction and plate fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures between patients who achieved successful anatomical reduction and those who had a remaining fracture gap even after open reduction and plate fixation, and were thus treated with additional demineralized bone matrix (DBM). Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 consecutive patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using a locking compression plate for acute displaced midshaft clavicle fractures, and who underwent radiographic and clinical outcome evaluations at least 6 months postoperatively. The outcomes between those who achieved perfect anatomical reduction without remnant gap (n=32) and those who had a remaining fracture gap even after open reduction and plate fixation treated with additional DBM (n=24) were evaluated. Results: There were no differences in the use of lag screws or wiring and operation time (all p>0.05) between those with and without remnant gap. No difference in the average radiological union time and clinical outcomes (satisfaction and Constant score) was observed between the two groups (all p>0.05). However, significantly faster union time was observed for AO type A fracture compared with other types (p=0.012), and traffic accident showed association with worse clinical outcomes compared with other causes of injury. Conclusions: Surgical outcome of midshaft clavicle fracture was more affected by initial fracture type and event, and re-reduction and re-fixation of the fracture to obtain a perfect anatomical reduction spending time appears to be unnecessary if rigid fixation is achieved.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of perceived risk and psychological distance on purchase intention when purchasing a gift. It focuses on social distances and temporal distances, and aims to identify the interactions between these psychological distances and perceived risk. Data were collected through experiments. Research design, data and methodology: The experiment was carried out through the design of 2 (perceived risk: high/low) × 2 (social distance: far / near) × 2 (temporal distance: far / near) between-subjects design. Participants were 241 undergraduates from two universities in Chungnam and Gangwon, and randomly assigned to one of eight groups. Results: It was confirmed that there is a difference in purchase intention according to the risk perceived by consumers when purchasing a gift. In particular, the difference in purchase intention based on the risk perceived by the buyer was found to be greater as the social distance between the gift giver and the recipient is shorter. In addition, it was confirmed that the intention to purchase a gift was simultaneously influenced by three factors: social distance, perceived risk, and time remaining to purchase a gift. In other words, when both temporal distance and social distance were short, the difference in purchase intention according to perceived risk was greatest. Conclusions: The purpose of this study was to examine how the relationship between perceived risk and purchase intention when purchasing a gift varies with psychological distance. This study found that the closer the relationship between the gift purchaser and the beneficiary and the shorter the time remaining before the gift purchase, the greater the difference in the willingness to purchase due to the perceptual risk. In practice, the results of this study can be used to establish sales promotion strategies for various gift products. Above all, the closer the relationship between the gift buyer and the person receiving the gift, the more differentially there should be a guarantee program that can reduce or eliminate the risk perceived by the buyer. There is also a need to use step-by-step product recommendation programs that can reduce perceptual risk depending on the time remaining until a particular season, such as graduation or Christmas.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2000

This paper presents the prediction of remaining service life of the concrete due to steel corrosion caused by the following three cases; carbonation, using sea sand and using deicing salts. The assessment of initiation period was generalized considering the existing perdiction models in the literature, corrosion experiment and field assessment. To evaluate the prediction equation of rust growth, the corrosion accelerating experiments was performed. The polarization resistance was measured by potentiostat and the conversion coefficient of polarzation resistance to corrosion rate was determined by the measurement of real mass loss. Chloride content, carbonation, cover depth, relative humidity, water-cement ratio(W/C), and the use of deicing salts were taken into account and the resulting prediction equation of rust growth was proposed on the basis of these properties. The proposed equation is to predict the rust growth during any specified period of time and be effective in particular for predicting service life of concrete in the case of using sea sand.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.204-215
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• 2008

Many researches for service-life of chemical cartridges of respirators have been performed in many countries. On the result of these researches a few softwares programs were eventually developed to be used. In spite of that, it is difficult to apply these researches and softwares practically in the work spot because of too many factors that influence on service-life of chemical cartridges. This study was the first of two conducted for the purpose of developing program for estimating exchange period or service-life of chemical cartridges available feasibly in the workplaces. Collecting plan of cartridges discarded after use is in principle that three cartridges from three workers at a time, three steps of 1/2 exchange time due to smelling, just routine exchange time and 1.2 to 1.3 expanded time of routine exchange, total nine cartridges are collected in the same job site. 33 cartridges for organic vapor were collected in paint spray process of ship yard and paint factory, and 6 cartridges for acid were collected in plating process. These cartridges were analysed the remaining breakthrough time in 3M Innovation Center. Challenge vapor and breakthrough concentration were complied with Korean regulation for chemical cartridge respirators. Estimated breakthrough time was determined from previously used time plus breakthrough time for the remaining. Exchange period of cartridge would be the shortest time among three estimated breakthrough times. On the result breakthrough time for organic vapor was found to be relatively easily estimated, but that for acid aerosol or vapor was difficult to be confident. Even though this method was difficult to be precisely predicted exchange period of cartridge, it could be an alternative program practically available in the job site.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.745-765
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• 2012

기술가치평가에서 수익접근법을 사용하고자 할 경우 기술의 경제적 수명을 추정하기 위해 기술수명을 파악하는 것은 필수적이다. 2000년대 중반부터 현재까지 국내 주요기관에서 기술의 경제적 수명을 추정하기 위해 제안된 방법들은 기술수명의 한 종류인 인용특허 수명(CLT)을 기반으로 하고 있다. 본 연구는 기술가치평가를 위한 기술의 경제적 수명 추정에 있어 인용특허 수명을 활용하는데, 그 동안 간과되어 왔던 경과기간과 사업화 투자기간의 반영 방법을 개선할 수 있는 새로운 인용특허 수명 분석 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구는 이미 유형자산의 경제적 수명 추정에서 활발히 활용되고 있는 생존곡선 분석 방법을 인용특허 수명 지수 산출에도 적용함으로써 보다 객관적인 기술수명을 산출할 수 있는 방법을 제공했다. 또한 경과년수별로 인용특허 수명의 잔존 기대 수명을 산출해, 특정 경과년수에 다다른 기술의 기대 수명들을 산출하고 잔존 인용특허 수명(r-CLT)이라고 명명했다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.743-752
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• 2020

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution and level of periodontopathic bacteria with the general characteristics and oral health condition of the elderly. Methods: A total of 335 elderly individuals aged 65 years or older who lived in Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, were included in the study. Oral examination, investigation through a questionnaire, and collection of saliva were carried out. The collected saliva was analyzed for the distribution and levels of bacteria (red and orange complex bacteria) by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SAS statistical software version 9.4. Results: Among the general characteristics, there were significant differences in the distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Parvimonas micra depending on sex, age, and dental visits (p<0.05). The number of remaining teeth and denture use were related to the distribution of periodontopathic bacteria, except T. denticola (p<0.05). Additionally, periodontitis was related to the distribution of P. gingivalis (p<0.05). As the number of remaining teeth increased, the copy number of red and orange complex bacteria also increased (p<0.05). Those individuals who did not use dentures and had periodontal disease had more periodontopathic bacteria (p<0.05). Conclusions: The distribution and copy number of periodontopathic bacteria in the elderly were more related to oral health condition than to general characteristics. In particular, the distribution and copy number of periodontopathic bacteria were higher in subjects with multiple remaining teeth, no dentures, and periodontal disease.