• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 1997

This study was peformed to compare work routine time and performance of milking systems by measuring motion and time in milking procedure. Data were collected from thirteen dairy farms among which milking was done by bucket in two farms, by pipelines in three, by tandem parlors in four including one remodeled side-opening, by herringborn parlors in three and by a parallel milking parlor. Recording time and motion for milking parlor. Recording time and motion for milking procedure was performed by stopwatch and notebook computer. Work routine elements were recorded and calculated into cows milked per-man-hour(CMPH). The results are as follows : Average milking time per cow(MTPC) in bucket and pipeline milking systems usually installed in cow stall were 442.7 and 395.8 seconds, respectively. And average CMPH of bucket and pipeline milking system were 144.5, 303.3, 272.5 and 380.3 seconds, respectively. And CMPH of tandem, herringbone, parallel and modified side-opening systems were 24.9, 11.9, 13.2 and 9.5 heads, respectively. CMPH was the highest in the tandem milking system and the lowest in the bucket milking facilities. CMPH, when milked in a parlor resulted in high value compared with bucket or pipeline milking systems installed in cow stable. They showed considerably low CMPH compared with the results of other countries. The reason why so low CMPH could be derived from type and mechanization of facilities and equipment, operator's ability, number of operator, idle time and milking procedure.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.43-50
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• 2009

In order to reduce the download around Smart UAV(SUAV) at hovering and transition mode, flow control using synthetic jet has been performed. Many of the complex tilt rotor flow features are captured including wing leading and trailing edge separation, and the large region of separated flow beneath the wing. First, in order to control the trailing edge separation, synthetic jet is located at 30, 95% of flap chord length. The flow control using synthetic jet on flap shows that stall characteristics depending on several mode can be improved through separation vortices resizing. Also, a flap jet and a 0.01c jet which control the separation efficiently are applied at the same time at each test case because controlling the leading edge separation is essential for download reduction. As a result, time averaged download is reduced about 18% comparing with no control case at hovering mode and 48% at transition mode. These research results show that if flow control using leading edge jet and trailing edge jet is used effectively to the SUAV in overall flight mode, flight performance and stability can be improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.1010-1013
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• 2009

The youths of the farming village have moved to the metropolis, thus the most of the manpower which engages to a production remained in the village reaches layer old age and all thing sprouts long the whole and it is one. So to remove the waste of barn rather than to give feed to the livestock is hard that what step all automation of this part is necessary. Consequently we have developed the automation system in order to reduce the massive death of the livestock at the time of intense cold and hot. The system will be able to clean the waste of the barn and confront quickly in the change of temperature which is sudden it came. And we proposed also the system that will be able to watch at real-time and monitor the operational environment from a remote using CCD camera. In this paper, we proposed the remote control system which uses PDA in order to control the automation system of a stall while moving. The proposed system was embodied in order for the control and the monitor while the user is mobile using PDA screens. We also added a protection system in that system. The system sends the case warning and SMS while will have the fire and the intrusion from the outside and prevents a robbery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1828-1832
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• 2018

Objective: Environmental change is one of the stressful events in livestock production. Change in environment disturbs cow behavior and cows require several days to regain a stable behavioral pattern. Sleeping posture (SP) and lying posture (LP) have been used as indicators for animal that are relaxed and well-acclimated to their environment. The aim of this study was to examine the time required by Japanese black cows for stabilization of SP and LP after moving into new environment. Methods: Seven pregnant Japanese black cows were used. Cows were moved into new tie-stall shed and their sleeping and lying posture measured 17 times during 35 experimental days. Both SP and LP were detected by accelerometer fixed on middle occipital and hip-cross, respectively. Daily total time, frequency, and average bout of both SP and LP were calculated. Results: Daily SP time was the shortest on day 1 and increased to the highest on day 3. It then decreased until day 9, after that stabilized about 65 min/d till the end of experiment. Daily LP time changed in same manner as daily SP time. The average SP bout was the longest on day 1, and then decreased to stable level on day 7. On the other hand, the average LP bout was the shortest on day 1, and it increased to stable level on day 7. Conclusion: These results showed that pregnant Japanese black cows needed 1 week to stabilize their SP. However, there were different change patterns between the average SP and LP bout, even though the change pattern of daily SP and LP time were similar.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.273-279
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• 1974

Studies were made on the relation of mastitis infection rate to the management and sanitations of dairy farms by examining 46 dairy herds. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The higher infection rate was observed in farms managed by employees than by owners, and in impoprted cattle than cattle horn in Korea. 2. Type of education and the period of experience of management were not correlated to the infection rate. 3. The infection rate was the highest in Summer and in cattle of 5~8 lactating age group. 4. It was observed that the amount of water supply, time of cleaning stall, frequency of disinfection, the method of using cleaning towel and the method of milking were correlated to the infection rate.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.44 no.1 s.151
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• pp.8-15
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• 2007

In this paper, numerical calculations are performed to analyze the unsteady flow of NACA airfoil sections. In order to ease the flow computation for the fluid region changing in time, improve the quality of solution and simplify the grid generation for the oscillating foil flow, the computational method adopts a moving and deforming mesh with the multi-block grid topology. The multi-block, structured-unstructured hybrid grid is generated using the commercial meshing software Gridgen V15. The MDM (Moving & Deforming Mesh) and the UDF (User Define function) function of FLUENT 6 are adopted for computing turbulent flows of the foil in pitching motion. Computed unsteady lift and drag forces are compared with experimental data. in general, the characteristics of unsteady lift and drag of the experiments are reproduced well in the numerical analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2009

Axial-flow compressor is one of the most important parts of gas turbine units with axial turbine and combustor. Therefore, precise prediction of performance is very important for development of new compressor or modification of existing one. Meanline analysis is a simple, fast and powerful method for performance prediction of axial-flow compressors with different geometries. So, Meanline analysis is frequently used in preliminary design stage and performance analysis for given geometry data. Much correlations for meanline analysis have been developed theoretically and experimentally for estimating various types of losses and flow deviation angle for long time. In present study, meanline analysis program was developed to estimate compressor losses, incidence angles, deviation angles, stall and surge conditions with many correlations. Performance prediction of one stage axial compressors is conducted with this meanline analysis program. The comparison between experimental and numerical results show a good agreement. This meanline analysis program can be used for various types of single stage axial-flow compressors with different geometries, as well as multistage axial-flow compressors.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 2007

A multi-objective design exploration for a three-element airfoil consisted of a slat, a main wing, and a flap was carried out. The lift curve improvement is important to design high-lift system, thus design has to be performed with considered multi-angle. The objective functions considered here are to maximize the lift coefficient at landing and near stall conditions simultaneously. Kriging surrogate model which was constructed based on several sample designs is introduced. The solution space was explored based on the maximization of Expected Improvement (EI) value corresponding to objective functions on the Krigingmodels. The improvement of the model and the exploration of the optimum can be advanced at the same time by maximizing EI value. In this study, a total of 90 sample points are evaluated using the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulation(RANS) for the construction of the Kriging model. In order to obtain the information of the design space, two data mining techniques are applied to design result. One is functional Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) which can show quantitative information and the other is Self-Organizing Map(SOM) which can show qualitative information.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1384-1391
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• 2001

Three-dimensional flow analysis is implemented to investigate the flow through transonic axial-flow compressor rotor(NASA R67) and to evaluate the performances of Abid's low-Reynolds-number k-$\omega$ and Baldwin-Lomax turbulence models. A finite volume method is used fur spatial discretization. The equations are solved implicitly in time by the use of approximate factorization. The upwind difference scheme is used for inviscid terms and viscous terms are approximated with central difference. The flux-difference-splitting method of Roe is used to obtain fluxes at the cell faces. Numerical analysis is performed near peak efficiency and near stall. The results are compared with the experimental data for NASA R67 rotor. Blade-to-Blade Mach number distributions are compared to confirm the accuracy of the code. From the results, it is concluded that Abid'k-$\omega$ model is better for the calculation of flow rate and efficiency than Baldwin-Lomax model. But, the predictions for Mach number and shock structure are almost the same.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Recently, Korean people are more interested in leisure time as the Korean economy has enjoyed the economic growth on a continual basis. Along with it, the disabled people's demand for enjoying the beach is growing. To meet the disabled people's demand for enjoy the beaches, it is important to prepare the convenient facilities where the disabled people in the wheel chair can use comfortably, including the handicapped parking area, toilet for the disabled, shower stall room and am bathhouse. On the backdrop of this, the study has been made on the obstacles which keep the disabled people from using the convenient facilities installed on 12 beaches in the southern coat of Korea from the perspective of barrier free design. This study showed that half of the beaches in question did not have the handicapped parking places. The parking space was also so narrow that it was difficult for handicapped people to access the parking lot with their vehicles. There were also 3 beaches which did not have the toilet for the disabled. Even the beaches which have the toilet for the disabled, the size of entrance door and floor space was so narrow and there were a lot of physical obstacles such as no handles for the disabled people that it was really hard for the disabled people in wheelchair to use them.