• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.85-86
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• 2009

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.56-59
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the normal distal tibial articular surface angle in coronal plane in Koreans. This would be helpful as the basic data for ankle reconstruction after trauma or deformity correction. Materials and Methods: Weight bearing anteroposterior radiographs of 123 normal ankles were reviewed. A line parallel to the shaft of the tibia was made. Another line was drawn parallel to the articular surface of the distal tibia. The superolateral angle that subtended by these two lines was measured. Results: There were 72 males and 51 females. The mean age overall was 35.7 years old. The mean age for males was 31.9 ($28{\sim}36$) years old. The mean age for females was 41.1 ($37{\sim}45$) years old. The mean distal tibial articular surface angle was $90.8^{\circ}$. The mean distal tibial articular surface angle for males was $91.5^{\circ}$ and for females $89.9^{\circ}$. Conclusion: The mean distal tibial articular surface angle in coronal plane for Koreans is $90.8^{\circ}$. We can avoid the error of the varization at the ankle alignment when the correction was performed vertical or minimal valgus to tibia tuberosity axis in Korean people.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.238-244
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• 2014

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.141-144
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• 2014

Two dogs (Case 1 weighing 27 kg, Case 2 weighing 42 kg) were referred with hindlimb lameness. On physical examination, there was moderate pain on stifle joint testing and mild cranial translation on cranial drawer testing in Case 1. This translation was obvious when the patient was under general anesthesia. Case 2 showed discomfort during hyperextension of the stifle joint, but no significant cranial translation under general anesthesia. Joint effusion was detected on radiography in both cases. Based on physiologic and radiographic examinations, cranial cruciate deficiency was suspected, so exploratory arthroscopy was performed. Arthroscopy revealed partial rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) in both cases. Case 1 showed unstable partial CrCL rupture, while Case 2 had stable CrCL rupture. Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) was carried out as planned. Seroma occurred one week postoperatively in Case 2, and was removed surgically. The patients returned to satisfactory weight-bearing ambulation 5 months after initial surgery. Based on the results of these cases, TTA appears to be a useful procedure in the treatment of CrCL partial rupture.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.200-205
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• 2018

This retrospective study is designed to compare the clinical results of tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) and anti-rotation suture (ARS) treatments for medial patellar luxation (MPL). Medical records of 133 dogs were reviewed that had undergone surgical correction of MPL between January 2013 and May 2017. MPL correction was performed on 182 stifles, with TTT and ARS being performed on 101 stifles and 81 stifles. The common dog breeds receiving surgical treatment for MPL were Maltese, Pomeranian, Chihuahua and Poodle. Mean age of dogs with MPL was 32.6 months, and their mean body weight was 4.26 kg. Seventy dogs (52.6%) were male and 63 (47.4%) were female. Of the 182 stifles with MPL, grade II, III and IV were 18.7%, 72.0% and 9.3%. Total complications after TTT and ARS were recorded in 16.8% and 29.6%. Major complications after TTT and ARS were recorded in 5.9% and 12.3%, minor complications after TTT and ARS were recorded in 10.9% and 17.3%. The risk of complication and reluxation rate after TTT were significantly lower than that for ARS (p < 0.05). However, the rate of reluxation among dogs treated by ARS (1.2%) for grade II MPL was significantly lower than that for dogs treated by ARS (8.6%) for grade III MPL (p < 0.05). The TTT group had a shorter recovery period after surgical intervention than that in the ARS group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, TTT had a significantly lower incidence of complication and a shorter recovery period than ARS. However, ARS for grade II MPL appears to be a good surgical option for reducing the rate of reluxation after surgery. These results of this study could be used to provide therapeutic guidelines for surgical MPL correction in small-breed dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.134-137
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• 2013

A 4-month-old intact male Jindo dog was presented for left hindlimb lameness. On radiographs, a small mineralized piece was identified beneath the apophysis of tibia with no or minimal displacement of apophysis bilaterally. Subsequently, the cranioproximal bony aspect of the tibia changed radiolucent to radiopaque. The left side recovered after surgical management, but the right side was self-limited with conservative management. The diagnosis was partial avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity which has been called 'Osgood-Schlatter disease' in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.295-299
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• 2016

A 2-year-old, 1.94 kg spayed female Toy Poodle was referred for revision surgery for patellar reluxation following surgery for bilateral medial patellar luxation (MPL). Intermittent non-weight-bearing lameness of the right hindlimb and weight-bearing lameness of the left hindlimb were evident on general inspection. A physical examination revealed that there was a bilateral grade 4 MPL. On radiographs, the medial and lateral trochlear ridge was bilaterally worn out. Patellar groove replacement (PGR) was performed in two stages to replace the bilateral femoral trochlea that had a severely worn out groove. Corrective femoral osteotomy with increasing anteversion angle, tibial tuberosity transposition, medial releasing, lateral imbrications and PGR were performed on the right hindlimb. Six months after surgery on the right hindlimb, a PGR prosthesis was positioned medially on the frontal plane and tibial tuberosity transposition and lateral imbrications were performed on the left hindlimb. Two weeks after surgery, reluxation of the patella occurred on the left hindlimb. The tibial tuberosity transposition was performed to realign the patella more laterally than the previous surgery, and a patellar sling was applied. Two years after the last surgery, the patient showed no pain on the stifle joint and satisfactory weight-bearing ambulation. Reluxation did not recur. PGR maybe a successful treatment for dogs with iatrogenically damaged and/or worn out patellar grooves.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results obtained from three surgical techniques (retinacular imbrication, trochleoplasty and tibia tuberosity transposition), which were simultaneously applied for correction of patellar luxation. Eleven, (6 to 108 months) old dogs were presented. The dogs showed, medial patellar luxation (17 stifle joint) and lateral patellar luxation (2 stifle joint) ranging from grade 1 to 4. By palpation and radiographic view, all 11 dogs were diagnosed as patellar luxation. Bilateral patellar luxation was diagnosed in 8 dogs. After operation, the dogs were monitored daily for 7 days and on the 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th days. Lameness progressively decreased in all dogs around 30 days after surgery, and the patients were showed normal walking. Normal walking was possible in 2 dogs after 4 days, in a dog after 5 days, a dog after 7 days, 3 dogs after 10 days,2 dogs after 15 days, a dog after 25 days and a dog after 30 days (Mean$\pm$S.E: 12.27$\pm$2.57). The recovery took 14 days in dogs with bilateral patellar luxation, and 9 days in dogs with unilateral patellar luxation. Trend of decrease of lameness grade in bilateral patellar corrected dogs were similar to that in unilateral patellar corrected dogs. Swelling, pain and fever disappeared on 7 days. In conclusion, combination of tibial tuberosity transposition, retinacular imbrication and trochleoplasty is appropriate for dogs with patellar luxation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.455-459
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• 2012

Nine dogs presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University and Woosung Animal Hospital with a history of pelvic limb lameness. On physical examination, 9 dogs all showed a consistent weight bearing lameness and mild muscle atrophy. There was cranial drawer sign with pain in 9 dogs. Mediolateral radiographic projection revealed cranial subluxation of the tibial tuberosity in a tibial compression view. The right and left stifle joints were affected in 7 dogs and 2 dogs respectively. TightRope cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) technique for treatment of CCL deficiency was performed. Polyester and nylon were used to stabilize the stifle in 3 dogs and 6 dogs respectively. Suture sizes were 0.8 mm (n = 2), 0.9 mm (n = 4), 1.1 mm (n = 2), and $1.1mm{\times}2$ strands (n = 1) in diameter. Mean (${\pm}SD$) surgical duration was $48.3{\pm}8.5$ minutes (range 35 to 60 minutes). Preoperative and postoperative mean (${\pm}SD$) cranial drawer signs were $8.6{\pm}1.6$ mm (rage 7 to 12 mm) and $1.2{\pm}1.0$ mm (rage 0 to 3 mm) respectively. Immediate postoperative radiographs of the affected limb revealed no evidence of cranial subluxation of the tibial tuberosity in a tibial compression view of 9 dogs. Normal limb function was regained in 8 dogs within 8 weeks postoperatively. A consistent weight bearing lameness resolved in all dogs after TightRope CCL technique, but reoccurred in one dog (case No. 6) 2 weeks after surgery. Cranial subluxation of the tibial tuberosity was identified in a tibial compression test. During the second surgery, breakage of surgical button was identified and a tibial wedge osteotomy was performed. Based on surgical time, complication, stifle stability, and functional recovery, the present study indicated that TightRope CCL technique is effective treatment for the dogs with CCL deficiency.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.497-500
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• 1999

A 4 years old male mixed breed dog, which weighed 25.5 kg, referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital at College of Veterinary Medicine in Chonnam National University, because of chronic hindleg lameness. Click sound by flexion and extension of stifle joint, positive reaction by cranial drawer movement, fat pad sign and tibial position in cranial drawer position on the lateral radiographic view, medial patellar luxation (grade II), and lameness score 2.5 at standing and 2 at walking in right hindleg were showed. Under general anesthesia with enflurane, after medial arthrotomy, it was performed to remove remnants of cranial cruciate ligament and torn medial menisci and joint closed. In modified retinacular imbrication technique, one lateral fabellar/tuberosity suture, one medial fabellar/tuberosity suture, and one imbrication suture adjacent to the patella were placed. At 9 days after operation, lameness score 0 was observed and general condition was excellent.